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Sensitivity Simulations of the 30 March 2020 Xichang Wildfire in Southwest China Based on the WRF-Fire Model

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Journal of Meteorological Research 2024年第4期38卷 826-843页

作者： Yujue LIU Shiguang MIAO Hanbin ZHANG institute of Urban meteorology China Meteorological AdministrationBeijing 100089 Key Laboratory of Urban meteorology China Meteorological AdministrationBeijing 100089

This paper describes a fire forecast system—Weather Research and Forecasting-Fire(WRF-Fire)—that is employed to simulate a real wildfire case in Xichang,Sichuan Province,Southwest China on 30 March 2020 at a 100-m resolution over the fire area,in order to provide a fine representation of the terrain and fuel heterogeneities and explicitly resolve the atmospheric *** sensitivity experiments were conducted to analyze the impacts of atmospheric model grid spacing and fire–atmosphere interaction on simulated meteorological fields and fire *** results indicate that finer horizontal grid spacing in the atmospheric model improves the accuracy of wind,temperature,and moisture simulations in the near surface ***,it can better describe local wind field characteristics,capture microscale wind speed fluctuations,and produce more significant effect from fire–atmosphere *** mass and energy released by the fire model and its feedback to the atmospheric model exhibit enhanced heterogeneous *** simulated fire area aligns well with the observation,with KAPPA coefficient(KC)of 0.56–0.59 and spatial correlation coefficient(SC) of 0.52–*** this real case,the influence of heterogeneous land surface on the fire behavior is much greater than the atmosphere–fire *** study suggests that WRFFire holds high potential as a real wildfire simulation tool,offering a new and feasible approach for fire prediction.

关键词： Weather Research and Forecasting-Fire wildfire coupled fire–atmosphere modeling fire behavior large-eddy simulation(LES)

Changes of tropical cyclone size in three oceanic basins of the northern hemisphere from 2001 to 2021

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Frontiers of Earth Science 2024年第2期18卷 312-323页

作者： Banglin ZHANG Jeremy Cheuk-Hin LEUNG Shengyuan LIU Jianjun XU Guangzhou institute of Tropical and Marine meteorology/Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Regional Numerical Weather Prediction CMAGuangzhou 510640China College of Atmospheric Science Lanzhou UniversityLanzhou 730020China College of Ocean and meteorology Guangdong Ocean UniversityZhanjiang 524088China CMA-GDOU Joint Laboratory for Marine meteorology&South China Sea institute of Marine meteorology Guangdong Ocean UniversityZhanjiang 524088China

In this study the changes of tropical cyclone(TC)size from 2001 to 2021 are analyzed based on linear and quadratic curve fittings of the National Hurricane Center(NHC)/Joint Typhoon Warning Center(JTWC)best track data,based on the radius of maximum wind(RMW)and the average radius of 34-kt wind(AR34),in three oceanic basins of the North Atlantic(NATL),the Western North Pacific(WPAC)and the Eastern North Pacific(EPAC).The computations are done separately for two categories of tropical cyclones:tropical storms(TS)and hurricanes(HT).Size changes of landfalling and non-landfalling TCs are also *** show that there is a great inter-basin variability among the changes in TC *** conclusions include:1)overall,the inner cores of TSs have become larger in all three basins,with the increasing tendencies being significant in the NATL and WAPC,while those of HTs mostly get smaller or remain similar;2)meanwhile,comparatively large inter-basin differences are observed for the TC outer core sizes,and the sizes of landfalling TCs;3)particularly,a significant decrease in landfalling HT outer core size is observed over the EPAC;4)in contrast,significant increases in landfalling TS inner core size are found over the NATL and *** presented analysis results could benefit future research about TC forecasts,storm surge studies,and the cyclone climate and its changes.

关键词： tropical cyclone storm size frequency intensity duration

Combinatorial Optimization of Physics Parameterization Schemes for Typhoon Simulation Based on a Simple Genetic Algorithm(SGA)

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Journal of Meteorological Research 2024年第1期38卷 10-26页

作者： Zebin LU Jianjun XU Zhiqiang CHEN Jinyi YANG Jeremy Cheuk-Hin LEUNG Daosheng XU Banglin ZHANG China Meteorological Administration–Guangdong Ocean University Joint Laboratory for Marine meteorology South China Sea Institute of Marine MeteorologyGuangdong Ocean UniversityZhanjiang 524088 College of Ocean and meteorology Guangdong Ocean UniversityZhanjiang 524088 Guangzhou institute of Tropical and Marine meteorology/Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Regional Numerical Weather Prediction China Meteorological AdministrationGuangzhou 510640 Shenzhen institute of Guangdong Ocean University Shenzhen 518120 College of Atmospheric Science Lanzhou UniversityLanzhou 730000

Each physical process in a numerical weather prediction(NWP)system may have many different parameterization *** studies have shown that the performance of different physical parameterization schemes varies with the weather situation to be ***,it is necessary to select a suitable combination of physical parameterization schemes according to the variation of weather ***,it is rather difficult to identify an optimal combination among millions of possible parameterization scheme *** study applied a simple genetic algorithm(SGA)to optimizing the combination of parameterization schemes in NWP models for typhoon *** feasibility of SGA was verified with the simulation of Typhoon Mujigae(2015)by using the Weather Research and Forecasting(WRF)model and Typhoon Higos(2020)by using the Coupled Ocean–Atmosphere–Wave–Sediment Transport(COAWST)modeling *** results show that SGA can efficiently obtain the optimal combination of *** Typhoon Mujigae(2015),the optimal combination can be found from the 1,304,576 possible combinations by running only 488 *** results can be obtained for Typhoon Higos(2020).Compared to the default combination proposed by the COAWST model system,the optimal combination scheme significantly improves the simulation of typhoon track and *** study provides a feasible way to search for the optimal combinations of physical parameterization schemes in WRF and COAWST for more accurate typhoon *** can help provide references for future development of NWP models,and for analyzing the coordination and adaptability of different physical process parameterization schemes under specific weather backgrounds.

关键词： simple genetic algorithm(SGA) combinatorial optimization typhoon forecast numerical weather prediction(NWP)

Impact of the Complex Terrain in Beijing on Formation of Low-Level Jets

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Journal of Meteorological Research 2024年第1期38卷 138-150页

作者： Li’ao ZHOU Chenggang WANG Shiguang MIAO Ju LI School of Atmospheric Physics Nanjing University of Information Science&TechnologyNanjing 210044 institute of Urban meteorology China Meteorological AdministrationBeijing 100089 Key Laboratory of Urban meteorology China Meteorological AdministrationBeijing 100089

This study investigated how the Taihang Mountains and the Yanshan Mountains affect low-level jets(LLJs)in the Beijing area,based on conventional radiosonde observations from Nanjiao Observatory(2016–2017)and high-resolution Weather Research and Forecasting–Advanced Research WRF(WRF-ARW)model *** of radiosonde observations indicated that LLJs in the study area are mainly from the southwest and northwest directions,with occurrence frequency of 44.6%and 33.0%,***(northwest)LLJs are aligned parallel(perpendicular)to the orientation of the Taihang Mountain *** sensitivity experiments using the WRF-ARW model were then conducted to examine the effects of terrain forcing on the northwest and southwest LLJs,with adopted terrain heights of 100%and 50%.The results showed that for northwest LLJs,reduction in the elevation of the Taihang Mountain Range led to weakening of jet intensity by approximately 20%and reduction in jet maximum height by approximately 250 m;lowering the Yanshan Mountain Range had minor influence on the northwest LLJs,with only a 5.2%reduction in intensity and no substantial change in jet maximum *** southwest LLJs,reduction in the elevation of both the Taihang and Yanshan Mountain ranges resulted in minor changes in the intensity and height of the *** analysis revealed that the topography in the Beijing area could modulate the height and intensity of the stable layer by altering the inversion structure within the boundary *** LLJs can develop rapidly within the stable layer,and both the location and the scale of the jet core exhibited reasonable agreement with the extent of the stable layer.

关键词： low-level jets(LLJs) mesoscale numerical simulation terrain forcing

Impact of Local Climate Zones on the Urban Heat and Dry Islands in Beijing:Spatial Heterogeneity and Relative Contributions

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Journal of Meteorological Research 2024年第1期38卷 126-137页

作者： Zuofang ZHENG Fu LUO Nana LI Hua GAO Yuanjian YANG institute of Urban meteorology China Meteorological AdministrationBeijing 100089 School of Atmospheric Physics Nanjing University of Information Science&TechnologyNanjing 210044 Key Laboratory of Urban meteorology China Meteorological AdministrationBeijing 100089

Based on the building height and density data on a 100-m resolution,hourly 2-m temperature and humidity data at83 automatic weather stations,and gridded local climate zone(LCZ)data on a 120-m resolution in urban Beijing in2020,this study first employs the semivariogram combined with building parameters to calculate spatial correlations and has identified an LCZ grid resolution of 500 m suitable for best usage of the available observation ***,how the spatially heterogeneous LCZs affect and contribute to the canopy urban heat island intensity(UHII)and urban dry island intensity(UDII)are quantitatively *** is found that UHII is high in winter and low in summer with a unimodal diurnal variation while UDI is low in winter but high in summer with a bimodal diurnal *** LCZ with compact mid-rise(open high-rise)buildings exhibits the highest UHII(UDII),followed by the compact high-rise(compact low-rise),while the LCZ of scattered trees presents both the lowest UHII and the lowest *** most significant difference in the UHII(UDII)among the nine LCZ types in the urban area of Beijing is2.62℃(1.1 g kg^(-1)).Area-weighted averaging analysis reveals that the open mid-rise LCZ is the most significant contributor to the UHII(UDII),immediately followed by compact mid-rise(open low-rise),with the least contribution from bare rock or paved(scattered trees).The results also indicate that beyond the intrinsic physical properties of the LCZs of a city,their area proportions cannot be overlooked in evaluating their impact on the UHI and *** quantitatively findings could help urban planners to create a livable urban climate and environment by adjusting the relevant land use.

关键词： local climate zone(LCZ) urban heat island(UHI) urban dry island(UDI) distribution pattern contribution rate Beijing

CONTOUR DYNAMICS FOR THE MOTION OF MULTIPLE RING VORTICES Luo Zhexian Nanjing institute of meteorology,Nanjing 210044

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Acta meteorologica Sinica 1995年第1期9卷 69-77页

作者：罗哲贤 Nanjing institute of meteorology Nanjing 210044

This paper generalizes the contour dynamics for single ring vortices to that for multiple ring vortices,wherein sixsets of numerical computation are *** phenomenon of the counterclockwise loop of a moving vortex is clearly shown in the computational results and the asymmetric change with time of the vortex structure may serve as a pre-cursor for the ***,we also discuss the dependence of the motion direction of a vortex upon the degreeof its contour denseness,and the dependence of the westward component of vortex motion upon its *** results are fairly consistent with those of previous dynamical analyses and numerical experiments.

关键词： contour dynamics multiple ring vortex Coriolis force nonlinearity

Accurate Shortwave Radiation Simulation with a Two-Layer Aerosol Model in Xinjiang Region

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Journal of Meteorological Research 2024年第1期38卷 69-87页

作者： Guan HUANG Yonghang CHEN Qiong LIU Pengtao WANG Qianshan HE Qing HE Shuai LI Weiling SHAO Ting FAN School of Tourism&Research institute of Human Geography Xi’an International Studies UniversityXi’an 710128 Center for Silk Road and Eurasian Civilization Studies Xi’an International Studies UniversityXi’an 710128 College of Environmental Science and Engineering Donghua UniversityShanghai 201620 Shanghai Meteorological Service Shanghai 200030 Shanghai Key Laboratory of meteorology and Health Shanghai 200030 Taklimakan Desert meteorology Field Experiment Station of China Meteorological Administration Institute of Desert MeteorologyUrumqi 830002 Xinjiang Climate Centre Xinjiang Meteorological ServiceUrumqi 830002

To harness the rich solar energy resources in Xinjiang Region of Northwest China,this study tries to address the issue of lack of downward surface shortwave radiation(DSSR)observations and the need to improve the accuracy of satellite retrieval and numerical simulation of DSSR under varied sky and meteorological conditions.(1)A two-layer aerosol model specific to Xinjiang was developed to capture the vertical distributions of aerosols based on multiple data sources including lidar,GPS sounding,ground meteorological observations,and profiles from the ECMWF reanalysis version 5(ERA5)*** results show that the ERA5/PBLH(planetary boundary layer height)and ERA5/ALH(aerosol layer height)could be used to establish the two-layer aerosol model and characterize the vertical distribution of aerosols in Xinjiang Region.(2)Using the Santa Barbara Discrete Atmospheric Radiative Transfer(SBDART)model,a localized inverse model of clear-sky DSSR was *** parameter adjustment and using the optimal combination of input parameters for DSSR simulation together with the two-layer aerosol model,the model-simulated DSSR(DSSRSBD)under clear-sky conditions improved significantly compared to the initial results,with all fitting indices greatly improved.(3)In addition,the study demonstrated that the impact of the two-layer aerosol model on DSSR was more pronounced under dust conditions than clear-sky conditions.(4)Using the localized clear-sky DSSR inversion model and its required parameters,simulations were also conducted to capture the spatiotemporal distribution of DSSR under clear-sky conditions in Xinjiang from 2017 to *** annual average DSSR_(SBD)under clear-sky conditions in Xinjiang during 2017–2019 was 606.78 W m^(-2),while DSSR from CERES(DSSR_(CER))under the same conditions was generally higher(703.95 W m^(-2)).(5)It is found that satellite remote sensing products experienced data loss in high-altitude snow areas,where numerical simulation technology could ser

关键词： downward surface shortwave radiation(DSSR) aerosol vertical distribution Clouds and the Earth’s Radiant Energy System(CERES) Santa Barbara Discrete Atmospheric Radiative Transfer(SBDART) Xinjiang

Spatiotemporal variations of parameters of internal solitary waves in the northern South China Sea

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Journal of Oceanology and Limnology 2024年第2期42卷 421-438页

作者： Yu’ang LIU Yifei JIANG Xiaojiang ZHANG Zhiyuan WANG Yu CAO Huizan WANG College of meteorology and Oceanography National University of Defense TechnologyChangsha 410000China

The dynamic parameters for internal solitary waves(ISWs)derived from the extended Korteweg-de Vries(eKdV)equation play an important role in the understanding and prediction of *** spatiotemporal variations of the dynamic parameters of the ISWs in the northern South China Sea(SCS)were studied based on the reanalysis of long-term temperature and salinity *** results for spectrum analysis show that there are definite geographical differences for the periodic variation of the parameters:in shallow water,all parameters vary with a wave period of one year,while in deep water wave components of the parameters at other frequencies *** wavelet analysis,the wavelet power spectral densities in deep water exhibited an inter-annual variation *** example,the wave component of the dispersion coefficient with a wave period of about half a year reached its power peak once every two *** on previous work,this inter-annual variation pattern was deduced to be caused by dynamic *** further work on the regulatory mechanisms,empirical orthogonal function(EOF)decomposition was *** was found that the modes of the dispersion coefficient have different geographical distributions,explaining the reason why the wave components in different frequencies appeared in different *** numerical simulation results confirm that the variations in the parameters of the ISWs derived from the eKdV equation could affect the waveforms significantly because of changes in the polarity of the ***,the periodic variations of the dynamic parameters are related to the geographical location because of dynamic processes operating.

关键词： internal solitary waves(ISWs) dynamic parameters eKdV equation spatiotemporal variation polarity empirical orthogonal function(EOF)decomposition

Large Eddy Simulation of Vertical Structure and Size Density of Deep Layer Clouds

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2024年第8期41卷 1629-1642,1668-1670页

作者： Bangjun CAO Xianyu YANG Jun WEN Qin HU Ziyuan ZHU School of Atmospheric Sciences Chengdu University of Information TechnologyChengdu 610225China institute for Geophysics and meteorology University of CologneCologne 50923Germany

In a convective scheme featuring a discretized cloud size density, the assumed lateral mixing rate is inversely proportional to the exponential coefficient of plume size. This follows a typical assumption of-1, but it has unveiled inherent uncertainties, especially for deep layer clouds. Addressing this knowledge gap, we conducted comprehensive large eddy simulations and comparative analyses focused on terrestrial regions. Our investigation revealed that cloud formation adheres to the tenets of Bernoulli trials, illustrating power-law scaling that remains consistent regardless of the inherent deep layer cloud attributes existing between cloud size and the number of clouds. This scaling paradigm encompasses liquid, ice, and mixed phases in deep layer clouds. The exponent characterizing the interplay between cloud scale and number in the deep layer cloud, specifically for liquid, ice, or mixed-phase clouds, resembles that of shallow convection,but converges closely to zero. This convergence signifies a propensity for diminished cloud numbers and sizes within deep layer clouds. Notably, the infusion of abundant moisture and the release of latent heat by condensation within the lower atmospheric strata make substantial contributions. However, this role in ice phase formation is limited. The emergence of liquid and ice phases in deep layer clouds is facilitated by the latent heat and influenced by the wind shear inherent in the middle levels. These interrelationships hold potential applications in formulating parameterizations and post-processing model outcomes.

关键词： deep layer cloud cloud spatial structure cloud size density large eddy simulation