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New Insights into Microplastic contamination in Different Types of Leachates: Abundances, Characteristics, and Potential Sources

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Engineering 2024年第6期37卷 62-68页

作者： Lei Zhang Wentao Zhao Liang Zhang Zhenxiao Cai Ruiqi Yan Xia Yu DamiàBarceló Qian Sui State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Risk Assessment and control on Chemical Process School of Resources and Environmental EngineeringEast China University of Science and TechnologyShanghai 200237China State Key Laboratory of Pollution control and Resource Reuse College of Environmental Science and EngineeringTongji UniversityShanghai 200092China Shanghai Institute of Pollution control and Ecological Security Shanghai 200092China PerkinElmer Inc.Shanghai 201203China Maihai Environmental Protection Technology co. Ltd.SuzhouJiangsu 215000China Department of Environmental Chemistry Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water ResearchSpanish Council for Scientific Research(IDAEA-CSIC)Barcelona 08034Spain

Municipal solid waste(MSW)is an important destination for abandoned *** the waste disposal process,large plastic debris is broken down into microplastics(MPs)and released into the ***,current research only focuses on landfill leachates,and the occurrence of MPs in other leachates has not been ***,herein,the abundance and characteristics of MPs in three types of leachates,namely,landfill leachate,residual waste leachate,and household food waste leachate,were studied,all leachates were collected from the largest waste disposal center in *** results showed that the average MP abundances in the different types of leachates ranged from(129±54)to(1288±184)MP particles per liter(particlesL1)and the household food waste leachate exhibited the highest MP abundance(pconditional fragmentation model indicated that the landfilling process considerably affected the size distribution of MPs in leachates,leading to a higher percentage(>80%)of small MPs(20–100 lm)in landfill leachates compared to other *** the best of our knowledge,this is the first study discussing the sources of MPs in different leachates,which is important for MP pollution control during MSW disposal.

关键词： Microplastics Landfill leachate Residual waste leachate Household food waste leachate Source

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Development of a physiologically relevant dripping analytical method using simulated nasal mucus for nasal spray formulation analysis

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Journal of Pharmaceutical Analysis 2016年第5期6卷 283-291页

作者： Tina Masiuk Parul Kadakia Zhenyu Wang Respiratory Product Development Merck Research Laboratories Merck & Co.Inc.

Current methods for nasal spray formulations have been elementary evaluating the dripping characteristics of a formulation and have not assessed the behavior of the nasal formulation in the presence of varying types of mucus depending on the indication or diseased state. This research investigated the effects of nasal mucus on the dripping behavior of nasal formulations and focused on developing an improved in vitro analytical test method that is more physiologically relevant in characterizing nasal formulation dripping behavior. Method development was performed using simulated nasal mucus preparations for both healthy and diseased states as coatings for the dripping experiment representing a wide range of viscosity. Factors evaluated during development of this in vitro test method included amount of mucus, application of mucus, drying times, and compatibility of the mucus on a C18 Thin Layer Chromatography(TLC) substrate. The dripping behavior of nasal formulations containing a range of 1%Avicel to 3.5% Avicel was assessed by actuating the nasal spray on a perpendicular TLC plate coated with either healthy or diseased simulated nasal mucus. After actuation of the nasal spray, the dripping of the formulation on the coated TLC plate was measured after the plate was repositioned vertically. The method that was developed generated reproducible results on the dripping behavior of nasal formulations and provided critical information about the compatibility of the formulation with the nasal mucus for different diseased states, aiding in nasal spray formulation development and physical characterization of the nasal spray.

关键词： Nasal spray Nasal spray dripping method Nasal mucus Nasal formulation dripping

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Review of current controversial issues in clinical trials

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General Psychiatry 2021年第5期34卷 16-22页

作者： Shein-Chung Chow Susan S Chow Annpey Pong Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics Duke University School of MedicineDurhamNorth CarolinaUSA Kansas City University College of Osteopathic MedicineKansas CityMissouriUSA merck&co inc KenilworthNew JerseyUSA

In clinical development,adequate and well-controlled randomised clinical trials are usually conducted to evaluate the safety and efficacy of test treatment under *** purpose is to ensure that there is an accurate and reliable assessment of test treatment under *** practice,however,some controversial issues inevitably appear despite the compliance of good clinical *** debatable issues include,but are not limited to,(1)appropriateness of hypotheses for clinical investigation,(2)feasibility of power calculation for sample size requirement,(3)integrity of randomisation/blinding,(4)strategy for clinical endpoint selection,(5)demonstrating effectiveness or ineffectiveness,(6)impact of protocol amendments and(7)independence of independent data monitoring *** this article,these controversial issues are *** impact of these issues in evaluating the safety and efficacy of the test treatment under investigation is also *** regarding possible resolutions to these issues are provided whenever possible.

关键词： clinical whenever independence

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Simultaneous determination of kolliphor HS15 and miglyol 812 in microemulsion formulation by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled with nano quantity analyte detector

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Journal of Pharmaceutical Analysis 2016年第1期6卷 11-17页

作者： Honggen Zhang ZhenyuWang Oscar Liu merck Research Laboratories Merck & Co. Inc. Rahway NJ 07065 USA

A novel method for simultaneous determination of kolliphor HS15 and miglyol 812 in microemulsion formulation was developed using ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled with a nano quantitation analytical detector （UHPLC-NQAD）. All components in kolliphor HS15 and miglyo1812 were well separated on an Acquity BEH C18 column. Mobile phase A was 0.1% trifluoroacetic acid （TFA） in water and mobile phase B was acetonitrile. A gradient elution sequence was programed initially with 60% organic solvent, slowly increased to 100% within 8 min. The flow rate was 0.7 mL/min. Good linearity （r 〉 0.95） was obtained in the range of 27.6-1381.1 μg/mL for polyoxyl 15 hydroxystearate in kolliphor HS15, 0.8-202.0 μg/mL for caprylic acid triglyceride and 2.7-221.9μg/mL for capric acid triglyceride in miglyol 812. The relative standard deviations （RSD） ranged from 0.6% to 1.7% for intra-day precision and from 0.4% to 2.7% for inter-day precision. The overall recoveries （accuracy） were 99.7%-101.4% for polyoxyl 15 hydroxystearate in kolliphor HS15, 96.7%-99.6% for caprylic acid triglyceride, and 94.1%- 103.3% for capric acid triglyceride in miglyol 812. Quantification limits （QL） were determined as 27.6 μg/ mL for polyoxy115 hydroxystearate in kolliphor HS15, 0.8 μg/mL for caprylic acid triglyceride, and 2.7 μg/ mL for capric acid triglyceride in miglyol 812. No interferences were observed in the retention time ranges of kolliphor HSI5 and miglyol 812. The method was validated in terms of specificity, linearity, precision, accuracy, QL, and robustness. The proposed method has been applied to microemulsion for- mulation analyses with good recoveries （82.2%-103.4%）.

关键词： Kolliphor HS15 Miglyol 812 Ultra-high performance liquid chromato-graphy (UHPLC) Nano quantitation analytical detector(NQAD)

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Development and validation of a GC–FID method for quantitative analysis of oleic acid and related fatty acids

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Journal of Pharmaceutical Analysis 2015年第4期5卷 223-230页

作者： Honggen Zhang Zhenyu Wang Oscar Liu merck Research Laboratories Merck & Co. Inc.

Oleic acid is a common pharmaceutical excipient that has been widely used in various dosage forms. Gas chromatography （GC） has often been used as the quantitation method for fatty acids normally requiring a derivatization step. The aim of this study was to develop a simple, robust, and derivatization-free GC method that is suitable for routine analysis of all the major components in oleic acid USP-NF （United States Pharmacopeia-National Formulary） material. A gas chromatography-flame ionization detection （GC-FID） method was developed for direct quantitative analysis of oleic acid and related fatty acids in oleic acid USP-NF material. Fifteen fatty acids were separated using a DB-FFAP （nitroterephthalic acid modified polyethylene glycol） capillary GC column （30 m × 0.32 mm i.d.） with a total run time of 20 rain. The method was validated in terms of specificity, linearity, precision, accuracy, sensitivity, and robust- ness. The method can be routinely used for the purpose of oleic acid USP-NF material analysis.

关键词： Oleic acidFatty acidsGas chromatographyMethod developmentDerivatization-ffee

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Tensile strength and failure behavior of rock-mortar interfaces: Direct and indirect measurements

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Journal of Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering 2024年第1期16卷 41-55页

作者： Ghasem Shams Patrice Rivard Omid Moradian Civil Engineering and Building Engineering Department Universitéde SherbrookeSherbrookeQuébecCanada Department of Earth Sciences Swiss Federal Institute of Technology(ETH)ZurichSwitzerland Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering Colorado School of MinesGoldenCOUSA

The tensile strength at the rock-concrete interface is one of the crucial factors controlling the failure mechanisms of structures,such as concrete gravity *** the critical importance of the failure mechanism and tensile strength of rock-concrete interfaces,understanding of these factors remains very *** study investigated the tensile strength and fracturing processes at rock-mortar interfaces subjected to direct and indirect tensile *** image correlation(DIC)and acoustic emission(AE)techniques were used to monitor the failure mechanisms of specimens subjected to direct tension and indirect loading(Brazilian tests).The results indicated that the direct tensile strength of the rock-mortar specimens was lower than their indirect tensile strength,with a direct/indirect tensile strength ratio of 65%.DIC strain field data and moment tensor inversions(MTI)of AE events indicated that a significant number of shear microcracks occurred in the specimens subjected to the Brazilian *** presence of these shear microcracks,which require more energy to break,resulted in a higher tensile strength during the Brazilian *** contrast,microcracks were predominantly tensile in specimens subjected to direct tension,leading to a lower tensile *** monitoring of the cracking processes in the rock-mortar interfaces revealed that they show AE precursors before failure under the Brazilian test,whereas they show a minimal number of AE events before failure under direct *** to different microcracking mechanisms,specimens tested under Brazilian tests showed lower roughness with flatter fracture surfaces than those tested under direct tension with jagged and rough fracture *** results of this study shed light on better understanding the micromechanics of damage in the rock-concrete interfaces for a safer design of engineering structures.

关键词： Rock-mortar Rock-concrete Moment tensor inversion(MTI) Acoustic emission(AE) Digital image correlation(DIC) Tensile strength Direct tensile test Brazilian test

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不同类型渗滤液中微塑料污染的新见解——丰度、特征和潜在来源（英文）

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Engineering 2024年第6期 62-68页

作者：张蕾赵文涛张亮蔡震霄严瑞琪俞霞 Damià Barceló 隋倩 State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Risk Assessment and control on Chemical Process School of Resources and Environmental Engineering East China University of Science and Technology State Key Laboratory of Pollution control and Resource Reuse College of Environmental Science and Engineering Tongji University Shanghai Institute of Pollution control and Ecological Security Perkin Elmer Inc. Maihai Environmental Protection Technology co. Ltd. Department of Environmental Chemistry Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research Spanish Council for Scientific Research (IDAEA-CSIC)

Municipal solid waste（MSW） is an important destination for abandoned plastics. During the waste disposal process, large plastic debris is broken down into microplastics（MPs） and released into the ***, current research only focuses on landfill leachates, and the occurrence of MPs in other leachates has not been studied. Therefore, herein, the abundance and characteristics of MPs in three types of leachates, namely, landfill leachate, residual waste leachate, and household food waste leachate, were studied, all leachates were collected from the largest waste disposal center in China. The results showed that the average MP abundances in the different types of leachates ranged from（129 ± 54） to（1288 ± 184） MP particles per liter(particles.L-1) and the household food waste leachate exhibited the highest MP abundance（p conditional fragmentation model indicated that the landfilling process considerably affected the size distribution of MPs in leachates, leading to a higher percentage（> 80%） of small MPs（20–100 μm） in landfill leachates compared to other leachates. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study discussing the sources of MPs in different leachates, which is important for MP pollution control during MSW disposal.

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Efficacy and safety of abrocitinib in Chinese patients with moderate-to-severe atopic dermatitis: A post hoc analysis of the JADE REGIMEN phase 3 trial

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中华医学杂志(英文版) 2024年第16期137卷 2024 Jul 15页

作者： Li Hang Cheng Hao Lu Qianjin Lai Wei Tao Xiaohua Encinas Gerardo A. Vyas Shefali Wang Bo Luo Xin Li Shiqi Department of Dermatology Peking University First Hospital National Clinical Research Center for Skin and Immune Diseases Beijing China Department of Dermatology Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital Zhejiang University School of Medicine Hangzhou Zhejiang China Department of Dermatology The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University Changsha Hunan China Department of Dermatology The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University Guangzhou Guangdong China Department of Dermatology Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital Hangzhou Medical College Hangzhou Zhejiang China Pfizer S.A. de C.V. Mexico City Mexico Pfizer inc. New York NY USA Pfizer Investment co. Ltd Beijing China Pfizer (China) R& D co. Ltd Shanghai China Pfizer PBG Shanghai China

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Genome and clonal hematopoiesis stability contrasts with immune,cfDNA,mitochondrial,and telomere length changes during short duration spaceflight

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Precision Clinical Medicine 2024年第1期7卷 1-13页

作者： J.Sebastian Garcia-Medina Karolina Sienkiewicz S.Anand Narayanan Eliah G.Overbey Kirill Grigorev Krista A.Ryon Marissa Burke Jacqueline Proszynski Braden Tierney Caleb M.Schmidt Nuria Mencia-Trinchant Remi Klotz Veronica Ortiz Jonathan Foox Christopher Chin Deena Najjar Irina Matei Irenaeus Chan Carlos Cruchaga Ashley Kleinman JangKeun Kim Alexander Lucaci conor Loy Omary Mzava Iwijn De Vlaminck Anvita Singaraju Lynn E.Taylor Julian C.Schmidt Michael A.Schmidt Kelly Blease Juan Moreno Andrew Boddicker Junhua Zhao Bryan Lajoie Andrew Altomare Semyon Kruglyak Shawn Levy Min Yu Duane C.Hassane Susan M.Bailey Kelly Bolton Jaime Mateus Christopher E.Mason Department of Physiology and Biophysics Weill Cornell MedicineCornell UniversityNew YorkNY 10021USA The HRH Prince Alwaleed Bin Talal Bin Abdulaziz Alsaud Institute for computational Biomedicine Weill Cornell MedicineNew YorkNY 10021USA Department of Immunology Weill Cornell MedicineCornell UniversityNew YorkNY 10021USA Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine Keck School of MedicineUniversity of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesCA 90033USA Space Exploration Technologies corporation HawthomeCA 90250USA Sovaris Aerospace BoulderCO 80302USA Advanced Pattern Analysis&Human Performance Group BoulderCO 80302USA Children's Cancer and Blood Foundation Laboratories Departments of Pediatrics and Cell and Developmental BiologyDrukier Institute for Children's HealthMeyer Cancer CenterWeill Cornell MedicineNew YorkNY 10021USA Meyer Cancer Center Weill Cornell MedicineNew YorkNY 10065USA Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology Florida State UniversityTallahasseeFL 32306USA Department of Systems Engineering Colorado State UniversityFort CollinsCO 80523USA Element Biosciences San DiegoCA 10055USA Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences Colorado State UniversityFort CollinsCO 80523USA Cell and Molecular Biology Program Colorado State UniversityFort CollinsCO 80523USA BioAstra inc New YorkNYUSA Washington University St Louis Oncology Division St.LouisMO 63100USA Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering Cornell UniversityIthacaNY 14853USA The Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute Weill Cornell MedicineNY 10021USA WorldQuant Initiative for Quantitative Prediction Weill Cornell MedicineNew YorkNY 10021USA

Background The Inspiration4(I4)mission,the first all-civilian orbital flight mission,investigated the physiological effects of short-duration spaceflight through a multi-omic *** advances,there remains much to learn about human adaptation to spaceflight's unique challenges,including microgravity,immune system perturbations,and radiation *** To provide a detailed genetics analysis of the mission,we collected dried blood spots pre-,during,and post-flight for DNA *** length was measured by quantitative PCR,while whole genome and cfDNA sequencing provided insight into genomic stability and immune adaptations.A robust bioinformatic pipeline was used for data analysis,including variant calling to assess mutational *** Telomere elongation occurred during spaceflight and shortened after return to ***-free DNA analysis revealed increased immune cell signatures *** significant clonal hematopoiesis of indeterminate potential(CHIP)or whole-genome instability was *** long-term gene expression changes across immune cells suggested cellular adaptations to the space environment persisting months *** Our findings provide valuable insights into the physiological consequences of short-duration spaceflight,with telomere dynamics and immune cell gene expression adapting to spaceflight and persisting after return to *** sequencing data will serve as a reference point for studying the early development of CHIP in astronauts,an understudied phenomenon as previous studies have focused on career *** study will serve as a reference point for future commercial and non-commercial spaceflight,low Earth orbit(LEO)missions,and deep-space exploration.

关键词： genomes clonal hematopoiesis stability immune mitochondria ribosomes spaceflight

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Proposal of a Method to Easily Understand Rainfall Infiltration in Railway Embankments

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Journal of Civil Engineering and Architecture 2024年第6期18卷 261-268页

作者： Takashi Nakayama Tadashi Hara Keigo Koizumi C.S.Inspector co. Ltd.2-7-2 Nambanaka Naniwa-Ku Osaka-ShiOsaka-Fu 556-0011Japan Research and Education Faculty Kochi University2-5-1 Akebonocho Kochi-ShiKochi-Ken 780-8072Japan Earth Watch Institute Inc.8-10 Toyotsucho Suita-ShiOsaka-Fu 564-0051Japan

Slope failures due to heavy or prolonged rain have been occurring frequently in Japan in recent *** railway embankments,even small-scale surface collapse can result in track ***,train operation during rainy periods is regulated according to empirical rules based on rainfall and disaster ***,the validity of operation regulations is lacking because the rainfall infiltration circumstances inside the slope are *** have been attempting to understand rainfall infiltration in railway embankments by applying a method of predicting surface collapse from observations of volumetric water content in the *** used previous field monitoring and model experiments to propose a method for easily understanding the state of rainfall infiltration in the surface layer of an embankment using the relative history of volumetric water content at different *** this study,we applied this simple determination method to railway embankments with different topography and geological environments to demonstrate the versatility of the method.

关键词： Railway embankments field monitoring volumetric water content

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