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A Comprehensive Analysis of Datasets for Automotive Intrusion Detection Systems

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2023年第9期76卷 3413-3442页

作者： Seyoung Lee Wonsuk Choi InsupKim Ganggyu Lee Dong Hoon Lee School of Cybersecurity Korea UniversitySeoul02841Korea memory division Samsung ElectronicsHwaseong18449Korea

Recently,automotive intrusion detection systems(IDSs)have emerged as promising defense approaches to counter attacks on in-vehicle networks(IVNs).However,the effectiveness of IDSs relies heavily on the quality of the datasets used for training and *** the availability of several datasets for automotive IDSs,there has been a lack of comprehensive analysis focusing on assessing these *** paper aims to address the need for dataset assessment in the context of automotive *** proposes qualitative and quantitative metrics that are independent of specific automotive IDSs,to evaluate the quality of *** metrics take into consideration various aspects such as dataset description,collection environment,and attack *** paper evaluates eight commonly used datasets for automotive IDSs using the proposed *** evaluation reveals biases in the datasets,particularly in terms of limited contexts and lack of ***,it highlights that the attacks in the datasets were mostly injected without considering normal behaviors,which poses challenges for training and evaluating machine learning-based *** paper emphasizes the importance of addressing the identified limitations in existing datasets to improve the performance and adaptability of automotive *** proposed metrics can serve as valuable guidelines for researchers and practitioners in selecting and constructing high-quality datasets for automotive security ***,this paper presents the requirements for high-quality datasets,including the need for representativeness,diversity,and balance.

关键词： Controller area network(CAN) intrusion detection system(IDS) automotive security machine learning(ML) dataset

Synaptic a-Si:H/a-Ga_(2)O_(3)phototransistor inspired by the phototaxis behavior of organisms with all-optical and all-electrical stimulation modes

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Nano Research 2024年第8期17卷 7631-7642页

作者： Youngbin Yoon Youngki Kim Soowon Choi Jungdae Kwon Myunghun Shin School of Electronics and Information Engineering Korea Aerospace UniversityGoyang10540Republic of Korea Nano Materials division Korea Institute of Materials ScienceChangwon 51508Republic of Korea Department of Materials Science and Engineering Pusan National UniversityBusan 46241Republic of Korea

To improve neuromorphic computing performance,neuromorphic system components should mimic the behaviors of organic *** this study,a synaptic a-Si:H/a-Ga_(2)O_(3)phototransistor featuring all-optical and-electrical emulation is fabricated in a manner advantageous for complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor process *** phototransistor exhibits excitatory and inhibitory synaptic behaviors under stimulation by both optical and electrical *** mimics several essential synaptic functions,including excitatory postsynaptic current,inhibitory postsynaptic current,short-term memory,long-term memory,pairedpulse facilitation,and spike-timing-dependent *** optical and electrical modulation mechanisms are confirmed to arise from the a-Si:H/a-Ga_(2)O_(3)heterojunction structure and interface effects,and the device is shown to operate at low power in both optical and electrical *** all-optical weight modulation function is applied to the wavelength-differential behavior response of zebrafish,successfully mimicking the color perception process of the ***,to verify the translation of the optoelectrical-derived synaptic behaviors of the phototransistor into artificial neuromorphic computation,handwritten digit image recognition of the Modified National Institute of Standards and Technology dataset is performed by a convolutional neural network,with a demonstrated average learning accuracy of 98.46%.These findings verify the applicability of the synaptic a-Si:H/a-Ga_(2)O_(3)phototransistor in neuromorphic computing.

关键词： synaptic phototransistor artificial synapse phototaxis neuromorphic computing interface charge state optoelectronic synaptic device

Enhancement of coercivity,permeability,and dielectric properties of Co_(0.2)Zn_(0.3)Ni_(0.5)Eu_(x)Fe_(2-x)O_(4) ferrites for memory and high frequency devices

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Journal of Rare Earths 2024年第6期42卷 1128-1135,I0005页

作者： I.Sardar M.D.Hossain M.S.Sikder M.N.I.Khan M.R.Rahman Physics Discipline Khulna UniversityKhulna9208Bangladesh Department of Physics Khulna University of Engineering&TechnologyKhulna9203Bangladesh Department ofComputer Science and Engineering Northern University of Business&Technology KhulnaKhulna9100Bangladesh Material Science division Atomic Energy CentreDhaka1000Bangladesh

Spinel cubic ferrites have huge applications in me mory and high frequency *** the improvement of these modern devices,the magnetic coercivity,permeability,and dielectric properties of a ferrite are the important *** article focuses on improving the magnetic coercivity,magnetic permeability,and dielectric properties of Co_(0.2)Zn_(0.3)Ni_(0.5)Eu_(x)Fe_(2-x)O_(4) ferrites,where x=0.00,0.06,and *** X-ray diffraction(XRD),Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FTIR),field emission scanning electron microscopy(FESEM),energy dispersive X-ray(EDX),vibrating sample magnetometer(VSM),and an impedance analyzer were used to characterize the structural,magnetic,and dielectric properties of the *** XRD patterns indicate the formation of spinel cubic structure of the samples with a secondary peak(EuFeO_(3))for Eu doped *** densities and porosities of the samples follow an inverse trend,where the doped samples’lattice parameters are increased with the increment of rare earth Eu *** FTIR analysis also proves the spinel cubic phase of the *** average grain size of the ferrites is obtained via FESEM images,and it is increased from 121 to 198 *** analysis confirms that doping of the Eu content also changes other hysteresis loop properties of Co_(0.2)Zn_(0.3)Ni_(0.5)Eu_(x)Fe_(2-x)O_(4) ***,the coercivity of the Eu doped samples is greater than that of the mother alloy(x=0.00).The EDX study shows that there is no impurity contamination in the *** permeability and dielectric measurements show an improved quality factor of the Eu-doped samples with low magnetic and dielectric *** dependent resistivity and impedance analysis also show the improved *** the observed properties of the samples,all the investigated ferrites might be strong candidates for potential applications in memory devices,magnetic sensors,and high frequency applications.

关键词： Ferrites Raree arths Coercivity Permeability EDX Resistivity

RoBGP:A Chinese Nested Biomedical Named Entity Recognition Model Based on RoBERTa and Global Pointer

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2024年第3期78卷 3603-3618页

作者： Xiaohui Cui Chao Song Dongmei Li Xiaolong Qu Jiao Long Yu Yang Hanchao Zhang School of Information Science and Technology Beijing Forestry UniversityBeijing100083China Engineering Research Center for Forestry-Oriented Intelligent Information Processing of National Forestry and Grassland Administration Beijing100083China division of Biostatistics Department of Population HealthGrossman School of MedicineNew York UniversityNew York10016USA

Named Entity Recognition(NER)stands as a fundamental task within the field of biomedical text mining,aiming to extract specific types of entities such as genes,proteins,and diseases from complex biomedical texts and categorize them into predefined entity *** process can provide basic support for the automatic construction of knowledge *** contrast to general texts,biomedical texts frequently contain numerous nested entities and local dependencies among these entities,presenting significant challenges to prevailing NER *** address these issues,we propose a novel Chinese nested biomedical NER model based on RoBERTa and Global Pointer(RoBGP).Our model initially utilizes the RoBERTa-wwm-ext-large pretrained language model to dynamically generate word-level initial *** then incorporates a Bidirectional Long Short-Term memory network for capturing bidirectional semantic information,effectively addressing the issue of long-distance ***,the Global Pointer model is employed to comprehensively recognize all nested entities in the *** conduct extensive experiments on the Chinese medical dataset CMeEE and the results demonstrate the superior performance of RoBGP over several baseline *** research confirms the effectiveness of RoBGP in Chinese biomedical NER,providing reliable technical support for biomedical information extraction and knowledge base construction.

关键词： Biomedicine knowledge base named entity recognition pretrained language model global pointer

Metabolic memory:mechanisms and diseases

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Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy 2024年第3期9卷 1086-1114页

作者： Hao Dong Yuezhang Sun Lulingxiao Nie Aimin Cui Pengfei Zhao Wai Keung Leung Qi Wang State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases&National Center for Stomatology&National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases West China Hospital of StomatologySichuan UniversityChengduChina Department of Prosthodontics West China Hospital of StomatologySichuan UniversityChengduChina Periodontology and Implant Dentistry division Faculty of DentistryThe University of Hong KongHong KongChina

Metabolic diseases and their complications impose health and economic burdens *** from past experimental studies and clinical trials suggests our body may have the ability to remember the past metabolic environment,such as hyperglycemia or hyperlipidemia,thus leading to chronic inflammatory disorders and other diseases even after the elimination of these metabolic *** long-term effects of that aberrant metabolism on the body have been summarized as metabolic memory and are found to assume a crucial role in states of health and *** molecular mechanisms collectively participate in metabolic memory management,resulting in different cellular alterations as well as tissue and organ dysfunctions,culminating in disease progression and even affecting *** elucidation and expansion of the concept of metabolic memory provides more comprehensive insight into pathogenic mechanisms underlying metabolic diseases and complications and promises to be a new target in disease detection and ***,we retrace the history of relevant research on metabolic memory and summarize its salient *** provide a detailed discussion of the mechanisms by which metabolic memory may be involved in disease development at molecular,cellular,and organ levels,with emphasis on the impact of epigenetic ***,we present some of the pivotal findings arguing in favor of targeting metabolic memory to develop therapeutic strategies for metabolic diseases and provide the latest reflections on the consequences of metabolic memory as well as their implications for human health and diseases.

关键词： diseases metabolism alterations

Bioinspired Hemostatic Strategy via Pulse Ejections for Severe Bleeding Wounds

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Research 2024年第1期2023卷 281-299页

作者： Bitao Lu Enling Hu Weiwei Ding Wenyi Wang Ruiqi Xie Kun Yu Fei Lu Guangqian Lan Fangyin Dai State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology College of SericultureTextile and Biomass SciencesSouthwest UniversityChongqing 400715China Chongqing Engineering Research Center of Biomaterial Fiber and Modern Textile Chongqing 400715China division of Trauma and Surgical Intensive Care Unit Research Institute of General SurgeryJinling HospitalMedical School of Nanjing UniversityNanjing210002 Jiangsu ProvinceChina Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology The Hong Kong Polytechnic UniversityHong KongChina

Efficient hemostasis during emergency trauma with massive bleeding remains a critical challenge in prehospital ***,multiple hemostatic strategies are critical for treating large bleeding *** this study,inspired by bombardier beetles to eject toxic spray for defense,a shape-memory aerogel with an aligned microchannel structure was proposed,employing thrombin-carrying microparticles loaded as a built-in engine to generate pulse ejections for enhanced drug *** aerogels,after contact with blood,can rapidly expand inside the wound,offering robust physical barrier blocking,sealing the bleeding wound,and generating a spontaneous local chemical reaction causing an explosivelike generation of CO_(2) microbubbles,which provide propulsion thrust to accelerate burst ejection from arrays of microchannels for deeper and faster drug *** ejection behavior,drug release kinetics,and permeation capacity were evaluated using a theoretical model and experimentally *** novel aerogel showed remarkable hemostatic performance in severely bleeding wounds in a swine model and demonstrated good degradability and biocompatibility,displaying great potential for clinical application in humans.

关键词： wound sealing offering

Artificial visual perception neural system using a solution-processable MoS_(2)-based in-memory light sensor

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光:科学与应用(英文版) 2023年第8期12卷 1583-1594页

作者： Dayanand Kumar Lana Joharji Hanrui Li Ayman Rezk Ammar Nayfeh Nazek El-Atab Smart Advanced Memory Devices and Applications(SAMA)LaboratoryElectrical and Computer Engineering ProgramComputer Electrical Mathematical Science and Engineering DivisionKing Abdullah University of Science and Technology(KAUST)Thuwal 23955Kingdom of Saudi Arabia Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Khalifa UniversityAbu Dhabi 127788United Arab Emirates

Optoelectronic devices are advantageous in in-memory light sensing for visual information processing,recognition,and storage in an energy-efficient ***,in-memory light sensors have been proposed to improve the energy,area,and time efficiencies of neuromorphic computing *** study is primarily focused on the development of a single sensing-storage-processing node based on a two-terminal solution-processable MoS2 metal-oxide-semiconductor(MOS)charge-trapping memory structure—the basic structure for charge-coupled devices(CCD)—and showing its suitability for in-memory light sensing and artificial visual *** memory window of the device increased from 2.8 V to more than 6V when the device was irradiated with optical lights of different wavelengths during the program ***,the charge retention capability of the device at a high temperature(100 ℃)was enhanced from 36 to 64%when exposed to a light wavelength of 400 *** larger shift in the threshold voltage with an increasing operating voltage confirmed that more charges were trapped at the Al_(2)O_(3)/MoS_(2) interface and in the MoS_(2) layer.A small convolutional neural network was proposed to measure the optical sensing and electrical programming abilities of the *** array simulation received optical images transmitted using a blue light wavelength and performed inference computation to process and recognize the images with 91%*** study is a significant step toward the development of optoelectronic MOS memory devices for neuromorphic visual perception,adaptive parallel processing networks for in-memory light sensing,and smart CCD cameras with artificial visual perception capabilities.

关键词： visual neural process

B-cell and antibody responses to SARS-CoV-2:infection,vaccination,and hybrid immunity

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Cellular & Molecular Immunology 2024年第2期21卷 144-158页

作者： Dennis Lapuente Thomas H.Winkler Matthias Tenbusch Institut für klinische und molekulare Virologie Universitätsklinikum Erlangen und Friedrich-Alexander-Universität(FAU)Erlangen-NürnbergSchlossgarten 491054 ErlangenGermany Department of Biology Division of GeneticsNikolaus-Fiebiger-Center for Molecular MedicineFriedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg(FAU)ErlangenGermany Medical Immunology Campus Erlangen Friedrich-Alexander-Universität(FAU)Erlangen-NürnbergSchlossplatz 191054 ErlangenGermany

The emergence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2)in 2019 prompted scientific,medical,and biotech communities to investigate infection-and vaccine-induced immune responses in the context of this pathogen.B-cell and antibody responses are at the center of these investigations,as neutralizing antibodies(nAbs)are an important correlate of protection(COP)from infection and the primary target of SARS-CoV-2 vaccine *** addition to absolute levels,nAb longevity,neutralization breadth,immunoglobulin isotype and subtype composition,and presence at mucosal sites have become important topics for scientists and health policy *** recent pandemic was and still is a unique setting in which to study de novo and memory B-cell(MBC)and antibody responses in the dynamic interplay of infection-and vaccine-induced *** also provided an opportunity to explore new vaccine platforms,such as mRNA or adenoviral vector vaccines,in unprecedented cohort *** with the technological advances of recent years,this situation has provided detailed mechanistic insights into the development of B-cell and antibody responses but also revealed some unexpected *** this review,we summarize the key findings of the last 2.5 years regarding infection-and vaccine-induced B-cell immunity,which we believe are of significant value not only in the context of SARS-CoV-2 but also for future vaccination approaches in endemic and pandemic settings.

关键词： SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibodies memory responses vaccines IgG4

Rotating magnetic field inhibits Aβ protein aggregation and alleviates cognitive impairment in Alzheimer’s disease mice

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Zoological Research 2024年第4期45卷 924-936页

作者： Ruo-Wen Guo Wen-Jing Xie Biao Yu Chao Song Xin-Miao Ji Xin-Yu Wang Mei Zhang Xin Zhang High Magnetic Field Laboratory CAS Key Laboratory of High Magnetic Field and Ion Beam Physical BiologyHefei Institutes of Physical ScienceChinese Academy of SciencesHefeiAnhui 230031China Science Island Branch of Graduate School University of Science and Technology of ChinaHefeiAnhui 230036China Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology Anhui UniversityHefeiAnhui 230601China School of Life Sciences Division of Life Sciences and MedicineUniversity of Science and Technology of ChinaHefeiAnhui 230026China

Amyloid beta(Aβ)monomers aggregate to form fibrils and amyloid plaques,which are critical mechanisms in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s disease(AD).Given the important role of Aβ1-42 aggregation in plaque formation,leading to brain lesions and cognitive impairment,numerous studies have aimed to reduce Aβaggregation and slow AD *** diphenylalanine(FF)sequence is critical for amyloid aggregation,and magnetic fields can affect peptide alignment due to the diamagnetic anisotropy of aromatic *** this study,we examined the effects of a moderate-intensity rotating magnetic field(RMF)on Aβaggregation and AD *** indicated that the RMF directly inhibited Aβamyloid fibril formation and reduced Aβ-induced cytotoxicity in neural cells in *** the AD mouse model APP/PS1,RMF restored motor abilities to healthy control levels and significantly alleviated cognitive impairments,including exploration and spatial and non-spatial memory *** examinations demonstrated that RMF reduced amyloid plaque accumulation,attenuated microglial activation,and reduced oxidative stress in the APP/PS1 mouse *** findings suggest that RMF holds considerable potential as a non-invasive,high-penetration physical approach for AD treatment.

关键词： lzheimer’s disease Rotating magnetic field Amyloid-β Cognitive function Alzheimer’s disease animal models