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The engineering of doxorubicin-loaded liposome-quantum dot hybrids for cancer theranostics

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Chinese Physics B 2014年第8期23卷 125-128页

作者：田博文 Wafa' T. Al-Jamal Kostas Kostarelos Nanomedicine Laboratory UCL School of Pharmacy University College London Laboratory of Biophysics and Surface Analysis School of Pharmacy University of Nottingham school of Pharmacy University of East Anglia Nanomedicine Laboratory Faculty of Medical & Human Sciences University of Manchester

Many studies have recently attempted to develop multifunctional nanoconstructs by integrating the superior fluores- cence properties of quantum dots （QD） with therapeutic capabilities into a single vesicle for cancer theranostics. Liposome- quantum dot （L-QD） hybrid vesicles have shown promising potential for the construction of multifunctional nanoconstructs for cancer imaging and therapy. To fulfil such a potential, we report here the further functionalization of L-QD hybrid vesi- cles with therapeutic capabilities by loading anticancer drug doxorubicin （Dox） into their aqueous core. L-QD hybrid vesi- cles are first engineered by the incorporation of TOPO-capped, CdSe/ZnS QD into the lipid bilayers of DSPC：Chol：DSPE- PEG2000, followed by Dox loading using the pH-gradient technique. The loading efficiency of Dox into L-QD hybrid vesicles is achieved up to 97%, comparable to liposome control. All these evidences prove that the incorporation of QD into the lipid bilayer does not affect Dox loading through the lipid membrane of liposomes using the pH-gradient technique. Moreover, the release study shows that Dox release profile can be modulated simply by changing lipid composition. In conclusion, the Dox-loaded L-QD hybrid vesicles presented here constitute a promising multifunctional nanoconstruct capable of transporting combinations of therapeutic and diagnostic modalities.

关键词： nanomedicine theranostic multimodality nanotechnology

A national longitudinal cohort study of factors contributing to UK medical students’mental ill-health symptoms

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General Psychiatry 2023年第2期36卷 92-105页

作者： Asta Medisauskaite Milou E W M Silkens Antonia Rich medical school UCLLondonUK Department of Health Services Research and Management City University of LondonLondonUK

Background The mental health of current medical students is predictive of their mental health as future *** prevalence of anxiety,depression and burnout is high among medical students,but less is known about the occurrence of other mental ill-health symptoms,such as eating or personality disorders,and factors contributing to mental ***(1)To explore the prevalence of various mental ill-health symptoms in medical students and(2)to investigate what medical school factors and students’attitudes contribute to these mental ill-health *** Between November 2020 and May 2021,medical students from nine geographically spread medical schools in the UK participated by completing online questionnaires at two points in time,approximately 3 months *** Of the 792 participants who filled in the questionnaire at baseline,over half experienced medium to high somatic symptoms(50.8%;402)and drank alcohol at hazardous levels(62.4%;494).Adjusted longitudinal data analysis of 407 students who completed the follow-up questionnaire demonstrated that less supportive educational climates that were more competitive and less centralised around the students,lower feelings of belongingness,greater stigma towards mental ill-health and lower intentions to seek help for mental ill-health,all contributed to students’mental ill-health *** medical students experience a high prevalence of various mental ill-health *** study suggests that medical school factors and students’attitudes towards mental ill-health are significantly associated with students’mental health.

关键词： filled doctor competitive

Harnessing endothelial cells and vascularization strategies for nerve regeneration

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Neural Regeneration Research 2024年第11期19卷 2337-2338页

作者： Papon Muangsanit Poppy Smith Virology and Cell Technology Research Team National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology(BIOTEC)National Science and Technology Development Agency(NSTDA)PathumthaniThailand ucl Centre for Nerve Engineering UCLLondonUK Department of Pharmacology UCL School of PharmacyUCLLondonUK

Peripheral nerves are essential components of the human body’s communication system,transmitting signals between the central nervous system and various body *** resulting from trauma or disease can result in debilitating sensory and motor *** injuries,particularly those resulting in significant gaps in the nerve tissue,pose a formidable challenge for clinicians and *** their limitations,including limited availability and donor site morbidity,nerve autografts remain the clinical gold standard for treating nerve injuries.

关键词： injuries nerves donor

Climate Change’s Role in Disaster Risk Reduction’s Future:Beyond Vulnerability and Resilience

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International Journal of Disaster Risk Science 2015年第1期6卷 21-27页

作者： Ilan Kelman JC Gaillard Jessica Mercer ucl Institute for Risk and Disaster Reduction and ucl Institute for Global Health University College London Norwegian Institute of International Affairs(NUPI school of Environment The University of Auckland Secure Futures

A seminal policy year for development and sustainability occurs in 2015 due to three parallel processes that seek long-term agreements for climate change, the Sustainable Development Goals, and disaster risk *** reason exists to separate them, since all three examine and aim to deal with many similar processes, including vulnerability and resilience. This article uses vulnerability and resilience to explore the intersections and overlaps amongst climate change, disaster risk reduction, and sustainability. Critiquing concepts such as 'return to normal'and 'double exposure'demonstrate how separating climate change from wider contexts is counterproductive. Climate change is one contributor to disaster risk and one creeping environmental change amongst many, and not necessarily the most prominent or fundamental contributor. Yet climate change has become politically important, yielding an opportunity to highlight and tackle the deep-rooted vulnerability processes that cause 'multiple exposure'to multiple threats. To enhance resilience processes that deal with the challenges, a prudent place for climate changewould be as a subset within disaster risk reduction. Climate change adaptation therefore becomes one of many processes within disaster risk reduction. In turn, disaster risk reduction should sit within development and sustainability to avoid isolation from topics wider than disaster risk. Integration of the topics in this way moves beyond expressions of vulnerability and resilience towards a vision of disaster risk reduction’s future that ends tribalism and separation in order to work together to achieve common goals for humanity.

关键词： Adaptation Climate change Disaster risk reduction Mitigation Resilience Vulnerability

Blind spots in climate finance for innovation Peter WARREN

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Advances in Climate Change Research 2020年第1期11卷 60-64页

作者： Peter WARREN school of Public Policy University College London(UCL)LondonWCIH 9QUUK

International climate finance is a sub-set of green finance and refers to investments specifically in climate change mitigation and adaptation activities,which primarily involve public finance and the leveraging of private finance in developing *** addition to continued international support for scaling low carbon solutions and facilitating replicability in developing countries,there remains an important need to increase the amount of climate finance provided to innovation,particularly demonstration(for technology innovation)and pilot implementation(for policy innovation),and to channel a greater proportion of Official Development Assistance(ODA)to‘hard-to-abate'areas,such as industrial decarbonisation,international transport and cross-sectoral issues like cooling and behavioural insights,to accelerate the commercialisation and implementation of technological,linancial and policy solutions to contribute to meeting the Paris Agreement's goal of limiting global warming to‘well-below'2℃ in these *** research,development and demonstration(RD&D)support with technical assistance is important in providing the route to obtain wider donor finance(concessional finance)and private finance to enable deployment through scalability and replicability.

关键词： Climate finance Climate policy Paris Agreement Official development assistance Industrial decarbonisation Sustainable cooling Behavioural insights International transport

Role of tissue microenvironment resident adipocytes in colon cancer

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2017年第32期23卷 5829-5835页

作者： Maria Tabuso Shervanthi Homer-Vanniasinkam Raghu Adya Ramesh P Arasaradnam Department of Gastro-enterology University Hospitals Coventry and Warwickshire Warwick medical school University of Warwick Leeds Institute of Car-diovascular and Metabolic Medicine Faulty of Medicine and HealthUniversity of Leeds Division of Surgical and Interventional Sciences UCL Medical School Building Applied Biological and Experimental Sciences University of Coventry

Colorectal cancer(CRC) is a multifactorial disease characterized by several genetic and epigenetic alterations occurring in epithelial cells. It is increasingly recognized that tumour progression is also regulated by tumour microenvironment(TME). The bidirectional cross-talk between tumour resident adipocytes and cancer cells within TME has been proposed as active contributor to carcinogenesis. Tumour resident adipocytes exhibit an activated phenotype characterized by increased secretion of pro-tumorigenic factors(angiogenic/inflammatory/immune) which contribute to cancer cell proliferation, invasion, neoangiogenesis, evasion of immune surveillance and therapy resistance. Furthermore, adipocytes represent a fuel rich source for increasing energy demand of rapidly proliferating tumour cells. Interestingly, a relationship between obesity and molecular variants in CRC has recently been identified. Whether adipose tissue promotes cancer progression in subsets of molecular phenotypes or whether local tissue adipocytes are involved in inactivation of tumour suppressor genes and/or activation of oncogenes still needs to be explored. This editorial highlights the major findings related to crosstalk between adipocytes and colon cancer cells and how local paracrine interactions may promote cancer progression. Furthermore, we provide future strategies in studying colonic TME which could provide insights in bidirectional cross-talk mechanisms between adipocytes and colonic epithelial cells. This could enable to decipher critical signalling pathways of both early colonic carcinogenesis and cancer progression.

关键词： Tumour resident adipocytes Dysfunctional adipocytes Adipose tissue Cancer cell-tumour resident adipocyte cross-talk Colon cancer microenvironment

Development of acoustic computer simulation for performance spaces: A systematic review and meta-analysis

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Building Simulation 2022年第10期15卷 1729-1745页

作者： Chao Wang Jian Kang school of Architecture Tianjin UniversityTianjin 300072China ucl Institute for Environmental Design and Engineering The BartlettUniversity College London(UCL)Central House14 Upper Woburn PlaceLondon WC1H0NNUK

This article aims to review the development of acoustic computer simulation for performance spaces. The databases of Web of Science and Scopus were searched for peer-reviewed journal articles published in English between 1960 and 2021, using the keywords for “simulation”, “acoustic”, “performance space”, “measure”, and their synonyms. The inclusion criteria were as follows: (1) the searched article should be focused on the field of room acoustics (reviews were excluded);(2) a computer simulation algorithm should be used;(3) it should be clearly stated that the simulated object is a performance space;and (4) acoustic measurements should be used for comparison with the simulation. Finally, twenty studies were included. A standardised data extraction form was used to collect the modelling information, software/algorithm, indicators for comparison, and other information. The results revealed that the most used acoustic indicators were early decay time (EDT), reverberation time (T30), strength (G), and definition (D50). The accuracy of these indicators differed greatly. For non-iterative simulation, the simulation accuracies of most indicators were outside their respective just noticeable differences. Although a larger sample size was required for further validation, simulations of T30, EDT, and D50 all showed an increase in accuracy with increasing time from 1979 to 2020, except for G. In terms of frequency, the simulation was generally less accurate at lower frequencies, which occurred at T30, G, D50 and T20. However, EDT accuracy did not exhibit significant frequency sensitivity. The prediction accuracy of inter-aural cross-correlation coefficients (IACC) was even higher at low frequencies than it was at high frequencies. The average value of most indicators showed a clear systematic deviation from zero, providing hints for future algorithm improvements. Limitations and the risks of bias in this review were discussed. Finally, various types of benchmark tests were sug

关键词： acoustic simulation accuracy systematic review performance space iterative simulation

Hepatitis C in human immunodeficiency virus co-infected individuals: Is this still a “special population”?

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World Journal of Hepatology 2015年第15期7卷 1936-1952页

作者： Drosos E Karageorgopoulos Joanna Allen Sanjay Bhagani Department of Infectious Diseases/HIV Medicine Royal Free London NHS Foundation Trust Research Department of Infection UCL Medical School Royal Free Hospital

A substantial proportion of individuals with chronic hepatitis C virus(HCV) are co-infected with human immunodeficiency virus(HIV). Co-infected individuals are traditionally considered as one of the "special populations" amongst those with chronic HCV, mainly because of faster progression to end-stage liver disease and suboptimal responses to treatment with pegylated interferon alpha and ribavirin, the benefits of which are often outweighed by toxicity. The advent of the newer direct acting antivirals(DAAs) has given hope that the majority of co-infected individuals can clear HCV. However the "special population" designation may prove an obstacle for those with co-infection to gain access to the new agents, in terms of requirement for separate pre-licensing clinical trials and extensive drug-drug interaction studies. We review the global epidemiology, natural history and pathogenesis of chronic hepatitis C in HIV co-infection. The accelerated course of chronic hepatitis C in HIV co-infection is not adequately offset by successful combination antiretroviral therapy. We also review the treatment trials of chronic hepatitis C in HIV co-infected individuals with DAAs and compare them to trials in the HCV mono-infected. There is convincing evidence that HIV co-infection no longer diminishes the response to treatment against HCV in the new era of DAA-based therapy. The management of HCV co-infection should therefore become a priority in the care of HIV infected individuals, along with public health efforts to prevent new HCV infections, focusing particularly on specific patient groups at risk, such as men who have sex with men and injecting drug users.

关键词： Human immunodeficiency virus HepatitisC Coinfection Antiviral agents Anti-retroviral agents Natural history Epidemiology Pathogenesis Therapy

Alcohol and tobacco misuse: Reducing aerodigestive cancer risk

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World Journal of Hepatology 2013年第8期5卷 452-457页

作者： Gavin Wright Marsha Y Morgan ucl Institute for Liver and Digestive Health Royal Free Campus University College London Medical School University College Department of Gastroenterology Basildon and Thurock University Hospitals

Significant concerns over the health,social and economic burdens of the two most common,and frequently co-misused drugs of abuse,alcohol and tobacco,has encouraged focused but separate health promotion and disease prevention ***,this separation of focus means that while individuals who present with alcohol-related problems are increasingly supported to attain and maintain abstinence from alcohol they are not routinely assisted to refrain from *** is tragically inopportune as alcohol and tobacco have an established"synergistic"effect on aerodigestive cancer ***,even when patients successfully tackle their alcohol problems they remain at increased risk for developing these cancers,especially if they continue to smoke.A case series is presented together with a discussion on how service provision for co-misuse could be improved to obviate aerodigestive cancer *** the prevalence of alcohol and tobacco use in the United Kingdom,these observations may have far reaching implications for the individual,health provider(s)and wider society.

关键词： Tobacco Alcohol Substance misuse Codependence Behavioural control Early intervention Preventive therapy Aerodigestive cancer Mortality