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Burden of pancreatitis and associated risk factors in China,1990 to 2019:a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019

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Chinese medical Journal 2022年第11期135卷 1340-1347页

作者： Ke Han Shimin Chen Yang Song Chen Du Fei Gao Shaohua Liu Yao He Ningli Chai Enqiang Linghu Miao Liu Department of Gastroenterology First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital and Chinese PLA Medical SchoolBeijing 100853China Institute of Geriatrics Beijing Key Laboratory of Aging and GeriatricsNational Clinical Research Center for Geriatric DiseaseSecond Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital and Chinese PLA Medical SchoolBeijing 100853China Graduate school Chinese PLA General Hospital and Chinese PLA Medical SchoolBeijing 100853China.

Background: Pancreatitis is a common disease of the digestive system. Acute pancreatitis is one of the most common reasons for gastrointestinal hospital admission, and chronic pancreatitis significantly reduces quality of life. However, national epidemiological data on pancreatitis in China are lacking. This study aimed to quantify the disease burden of pancreatitis in China from 1990 to 2019.Methods: This study was based on the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019 dataset. Age-standardized rates of incidence (ASIR), prevalence (ASPR), mortality (ASMR), and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) were used to describe the disease burden of pancreatitis, and estimated annual percentage change (EAPC) was used to indicate the average change in age-standardized rates. We also described the trend of pancreatitis-related mortality and DALYs, which are attributable to alcohol use by age and sex.Results: From 1990 to 2019, the ASIR, ASPR, ASMR, and age-standardized DALYs of pancreatitis in China decreased by 10.90, 1.50, 0.49, and 15.54 per 100,000, respectively, with EAPCs of -1.35 (95% uncertainty interval [UI]: -1.67, -1.02) and -0.37 (95% UI: -0.43, -0.31), -2.01 (95% UI: -2.07, -1.94) and -2.32 (95% UI: -2.37, -2.28), respectively. Recently, the numbers of incident and prevalent cases have risen, with estimates of 380,018 (95% UI: 308,669-462,767) and 493,765 (95% UI: 416,705-578,675), respectively, in 2019. Among men, the disease burden of pancreatitis was more severe than among women, and with variances in the distribution among different age groups. Age-standardized DALYs caused by alcohol-related pancreatitis have gradually worsened in the past decade, accounting for 34.09% of the total in 2019.Conclusions: The disease burden of pancreatitis in China has declined in the past 30 years, but the exacerbation of population aging poses a challenge to prevention and control of pancreatitis. Alcohol use has gradually become an important factor in the disease burden of pancreatitis in recent years.

关键词： Alcohol use Global disease burden Incidence Mortality DALYs Pancreatitis China

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临床实习初期护生压力及应对方式的调查研究

International Journal of Nursing Sciences 2022年第2期9卷 222-229,I0008页

作者：刘晶杨晔琴陈隽雅张怡曾亚微李菊芳 school of Nursing Wenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhouZhejiangChina

目的本研究旨在探讨护生在临床实习初期的压力水平、压力源类型和应对方式,以及影响压力和应对方式的因素。方法本研究为横断面调查,采用便利抽样法于2017年9月从中国浙江省某三级甲等医院招募参与者。采用人口学特征问卷、实习护生压... 详细信息

目的本研究旨在探讨护生在临床实习初期的压力水平、压力源类型和应对方式,以及影响压力和应对方式的因素。方法本研究为横断面调查,采用便利抽样法于2017年9月从中国浙江省某三级甲等医院招募参与者。采用人口学特征问卷、实习护生压力源量表、简易应对方式问卷收集资料。使用描述性分析、独立样本t检验、单因素方差分析、Pearson相关系数检验和多元线性回归分析进行数据分析。结果共调查158名护生,以女生、本科生和农村学生居多。护生在临床实习初期的压力处于为中等程度。对知识和技能的需求是护生最常见的压力源。积极应对方式最常被采取。本科生、独生子女、非自愿选择护理专业的护生比大专生、非独生子女、自愿选择护理的护生感受的压力更大。本科生比大专生更倾向于采用积极应对方式。在“病房环境和设备”“工作性质和内容”方面压力较大的护生以及男生更可能使用消极应对策略。结论护理教育工作者应根据护生在临床实习过程中所报告的压力评分及人口学特征,有针对性地给予指导,鼓励护生采取有效的应对策略以减轻压力。

关键词：临床实习应对方式护生压力适应,心理学

Current status,trends,and predictions in the burden of gallbladder and biliary tract cancer in China from 1990 to 2019

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Chinese medical Journal 2022年第14期135卷 1697-1706页

作者： Shimin Chen Ke Han Yang Song Shaohua Liu Xuehang Li Shengshu Wang Haowei Li Rongrong Li Jianhua Wang Yao He Miao Liu Institute of Geriatrics Beijing Key Laboratory of Aging and GeriatricsNational Clinical Research Center for Geriatric DiseaseSecond Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital and Chinese PLA Medical SchoolBeijing 100853China Department of Gastroenterology First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital and Chinese PLA Medical SchoolBeijing 100853China Graduate school Chinese PLA General Hospital and Chinese PLA Medical SchoolBeijing 100853China

Background:Gallbladder and biliary tract cancer(GBTC)has greatly damaged the health of patients and is accompanied by a dismal prognosis.The worldwide distribution of GBTC shows extensive variance and the updated data in China is lacking.This study was to determine the current status,trends,and predictions in the burden of GBTC over the past 30 years in China.Methods:This was a descriptive,epidemiological,secondary analysis of the Global Burden of Disease,Injuries,and Risk Factor Study 2019 data.Data including incidence,prevalence,mortality,and disability-adjusted life years(DALYs)of GBTC in China by year,age,and sex were assessed.Joinpoint regression analysis was conducted to evaluate trends of disease burden due to GBTC from 1990 to 2019.Nordpred age-period-cohort analysis was applied for the projection of mortality and incidence due to GBTC from 2019 to 2044.Results:Nationally,there were 38,634(95%uncertainty interval[UI]:27,350-46,512)new cases and 47,278(95%UI:32,889-57,229)patients due to GBTC,causing 34,462(95%UI:25,220-41,231)deaths,and 763,584(95%UI:566,755-920,493)DALYs in 2019.Both cases and rates of burden owing to GBTC were heavier among males and at old age.From 1990 to 2019,the age-standardized rates of incidence,prevalence,mortality,and DALYs of GBTC generally increased from 1990 to 2019,with average annual percentage change at 0.8%(95%confidential interval[CI]:0.6-1.0%),1.3%(95%CI:1.1-1.5%),0.4%(95%CI:0.2-0.6%),and 0.2%(95%CI:0.1-0.4%),respectively.Even though the age-standardized incidence rate and agestandardized mortality rate in both sexes were predicted to decline gradually from 2019 to 2044,the number of new cases and deaths were expected to grow steadily.Conclusions:GBTC is becoming a major health burden in China,particularly among males and older individuals.Given the aging population and increasing burden,effective strategies and measurements are urged to prevent or reduce the number of new cases and deaths of GBTC.

关键词： Gallbladder cancer Biliary tract cancer Global burden of disease China Prediction Aging

Silent battles:immune responses in asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection

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Cellular & Molecular Immunology 2024年第2期21卷 159-170页

作者： Nina Le Bert Taraz Samandari Program in Emerging Infectious Diseases Duke-NUS Medical SchoolSingaporeSingapore

SARS-CoV-2 infections manifest with a broad spectrum of presentations,ranging from asymptomatic infections to severe pneumonia and fatal outcomes.This review centers on asymptomatic infections,a widely reported phenomenon that has substantially contributed to the rapid spread of the pandemic.In such asymptomatic infections,we focus on the role of innate,humoral,and cellular immunity.Notably,asymptomatic infections are characterized by an early and robust innate immune response,particularly a swift type 1 IFN reaction,alongside a rapid and broad induction of SARS-CoV-2-specific T cells.Often,antibody levels tend to be lower or undetectable after asymptomatic infections,suggesting that the rapid control of viral replication by innate and cellular responses might impede the full triggering of humoral immunity.Even if antibody levels are present in the early convalescent phase,they wane rapidly below serological detection limits,particularly following asymptomatic infection.Consequently,prevalence studies reliant solely on serological assays likely underestimate the extent of community exposure to the virus.

关键词： COVID-19 asymptomatic cellular immunity antibody

Cell totipotency:molecular features,induction,and maintenance

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National Science Review 2015年第2期2卷 217-225页

作者： Falong Lu Yi Zhang Howard Hughes medical Institute Harvard Medical School Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine Boston Children's HospitalHarvard Medical School Department of Genetics Harvard Medical School Harvard Stem Cell Institute Harvard Medical School

In mammals, pluripotent stem cells can give rise to every cell type of embryonic lineage, and hold great potential in regenerative medicine and disease modeling. Guided by the mechanism underlying pluripotency, pluripotent stem cells have been successfully induced through manipulating the transcriptional and epigenetic networks of various diferentiated cell types. However, the factors that confer totipotency, the ability to give rise to cells in both embryonic and extra-embryonic lineages still remain poorly understood. It is currently unknown whether totipotency can be induced and maintained in vitro. In this review, we summarize the current progress in the ield, with the aim of providing a foundation for understanding the mechanisms that regulate totipotency.

关键词： totipotency pluripotency epigenetics embryonic stem cell reprogramming somatic cell nuclear transfer(SCNT)

Malignant melanoma resection and reconstruction with the first manifestation of lumbar metastasis:A case report

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World Journal of Clinical Cases 2023年第15期11卷 3571-3577页

作者： Zi-Xuan Guo Xue-Lin Zhao Zi-Yi Zhao Qing-Yan Zhu Zi-Ying Wang Meng Xu Graduate school Medical School of Chinese PLABeijing 100853China Department of Orthopedics The Forth Medical Center of PLA General HospitalBeijing 100037China

BACKGROUND Malignant melanoma(MM)has shown an increasing incidence worldwide,and a potential to metastasize to almost any part of the body.Clinically,MM with bone metastasis as the initial manifestation is extremely rare.Spinal metastatic MM can cause spinal cord or nerve root compression,resulting in severe pain and paralysis.Currently,the primary clinical treatments for MM are surgical resection in conjunction with chemotherapy,radiotherapy,and immunotherapy.CASE SUMMARY Here,we report the case of a 52-year-old male who presented to the clinic with progressive low back pain and limited nerve function.No primary lesion or spinal cord compression was detected from computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging of the lumbar vertebrae and positron emission tomography scan.A lumbar puncture biopsy confirmed the diagnosis of lumbar spine metastatic MM.Following surgical resection,the patient’s quality of life improved,symptoms were relieved,and comprehensive treatment was initiated,which prevented recurrence.CONCLUSION Spinal metastatic MM is clinically rare,and may cause neurological symptoms,including paraplegia.Currently,the clinical treatment plan consists of surgical resection in combination with chemotherapy,radiotherapy,and immunotherapy.

关键词： Spinal metastatic malignant melanoma Surgical resection Comprehensive treatment Pathological report Case report

Circular RNAs:implications of signaling pathways and bioinformatics in human cancer

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Cancer Biology & Medicine 2023年第2期20卷 104-128页

作者： Fan Hu Yin Peng Xinmin Fan Xiaojing Zhang Zhe Jin Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Genome Stability and Disease Prevention and Regional Immunity and Diseases Department of PathologySchool of Basic Medical SciencesMedical SchoolShenzhen UniversityShenzhen 518060China

Circular RNAs(circRNAs)form a class of endogenous single-stranded RNA transcripts that are widely expressed in eukaryotic cells.These RNAs mediate post-transcriptional control of gene expression and have multiple functions in biological processes,such as transcriptional regulation and splicing.They serve predominantly as microRNA sponges,RNA-binding proteins,and templates for translation.More importantly,circRNAs are involved in cancer progression,and may serve as promising biomarkers for tumor diagnosis and therapy.Although traditional experimental methods are usually time-consuming and laborious,substantial progress has been made in exploring potential circRNA-disease associations by using computational models,summarized signaling pathway data,and other databases.Here,we review the biological characteristics and functions of circRNAs,including their roles in cancer.Specifically,we focus on the signaling pathways associated with carcinogenesis,and the status of circRNA-associated bioinformatics databases.Finally,we explore the potential roles of circRNAs as prognostic biomarkers in cancer.

关键词： circRNA cancer signaling pathway database bioinformatics

In vitro-derived insulin-producing cells modulate Th1 immune responses and induce IL-10 in streptozotocin-induced mouse model of pancreatic insulitis

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Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Diseases International 2021年第4期20卷 376-382页

作者： Gholamreza Daryabor Esmaeil Hashemi Shiri Zahra Amirghofran Eskandar Kamali-Sarvestani Autoimmune Diseases Research Center Medical SchoolShiraz University of Medical SciencesShiraz 71345-1798Iran Department of Immunology Medical SchoolShiraz University of Medical SciencesShiraz 71345-1798Iran

Background: Insulitis is defined by the presence of immune cells infiltrating in the pancreatic islets that might progress into the complete β-cell loss. The immunomodulatory properties of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells(BM-MSCs) have attracted much attention. This study aimed to evaluate the possible immunomodulatory effects of rat BM-MSCs and MSCs-derived insulin-producing cells(IPCs) in a mouse model of pancreatic insulitis. Methods: Insulitis was induced in BALB/c mice using five consecuti ve doses of streptozotocin. MSCs or IPCs were directly injected into the pancreas of mice and their effects on the expression of Th subsetsrelated genes were evaluated. Results: Both BM-MSCs and IPCs significantly reduced the expression of pancreatic Th1-related IFN-γ( P < 0.001 and P < 0.05, respectively) and T-bet genes(both P < 0.001). Moreover, the expression of IL-10 gene was significantly increased in IPC-treated compared to BM-MSC-or PBS-treated mice( P < 0.001 both comparisons). Conclusions: BM-MSCs and IPCs could successfully suppress pathologic Th1 immune responses in the mouse model of insulitis. However, the marked increase in IL-10 gene expression by IPCs compared to BM-MSCs suggests that their simultaneous use at the initial phase of autoimmune diabetes might be a better option to reduce inflammation but these results need to be verified by further experiments.

关键词： Immunomodulation Insulitis Insulin-producing cells Mesenchymal stem cells Streptozotocin Th1 cell

The Association between Exposure to Second-Hand Smoke and Disease in the Chinese Population: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

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Biomedical and Environmental Sciences 2023年第1期36卷 24-37页

作者： WANG Yu Tong HU Kui Ru ZHAO Jian AI Fei Ling SHI Yu Lin WANG Xue Wei YANG Wen Yi WANG Jing Xin AILiMei WAN Xia Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics Institute of Basic Medical SciencesChinese Academy of Medical Sciences/School of Basic MedicinePeking Union Medical CollegeBeijing 100005China

Objective To analyze the association between exposure to second-hand smoke(SHS) and 23 diseases,categorized into four classifications, among the Chinese population.Methods We searched the literature up to June 30, 2021, and eligible studies were identified according to the PECOS format: Participants and Competitors(Chinese population), Exposure(SHS),Outcomes(Disease or Death), and Study design(Case-control or Cohort).Results In total, 53 studies were selected. The odds ratio(OR) for all types of cancer was 1.79(1.56–2.05), and for individual cancers was 1.92(1.42–2.59) for lung cancer, 1.57(1.40–1.76) for breast cancer, 1.52(1.12–2.05) for bladder cancer, and 1.37(1.08–1.73) for liver cancer. The OR for circulatory system diseases was 1.92(1.29–2.85), with a value of 2.29(1.26–4.159) for stroke. The OR of respiratory system diseases was 1.76(1.13–2.74), with a value of 1.82(1.07–3.11) for childhood asthma. The original ORs were also shown for other diseases. Subgroup analyses were performed for lung and breast cancer. The ORs varied according to time period and were significant during exposure in the household;For lung cancer, the OR was significant in women.Conclusion The effect of SHS exposure in China was similar to that in Western countries, but its definition and characterization require further clarification. Studies on the association between SHS exposure and certain diseases with high incidence rates are insufficient.

关键词： Second-hand smoke Chinese population Cancer Diseases of the respiratory system Diseases of the circulatory system Systematic review Meta-analysis