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Advances in therapies using mesenchymal stem cells and their exosomes for treatment of peripheral nerve injury:state of the art and future perspectives

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Neural Regeneration research 2025年第11期20卷 3151-3171页

作者： Fatima Aldali Chunchu Deng Mingbo Nie Hong Chen Department of Rehabilitation Medicine Tongji HospitalTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanHubei ProvinceChina Department of Orthopedics Tongji HospitalTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanHubei ProvinceChina

“Peripheral nerve injury”refers to damage or trauma affecting nerves outside the brain and spinal *** nerve injury results in movements or sensation impairments,and represents a serious public health *** severed peripheral nerves have been effectively joined and various therapies have been offered,recovery of sensory or motor functions remains limited,and efficacious therapies for complete repair of a nerve injury remain *** emerging field of mesenchymal stem cells and their exosome-based therapies hold promise for enhancing nerve regeneration and *** stem cells,as large living cells responsive to the environment,secrete various factors and *** latter are nano-sized extracellular vesicles containing bioactive molecules such as proteins,microRNA,and messenger RNA derived from parent mesenchymal stem *** have pivotal roles in cell-to-cell communication and nervous tissue function,offering solutions to changes associated with cell-based *** ongoing investigations,mesenchymal stem cells and mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosome-based therapies are in the exploratory stage.A comprehensive review of the latest preclinical experiments and clinical trials is essential for deep understanding of therapeutic strategies and for facilitating clinical *** review initially explores current investigations of mesenchymal stem cells and mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes in peripheral nerve injury,exploring the underlying ***,it provides an overview of the current status of mesenchymal stem cell and exosomebased therapies in clinical trials,followed by a comparative analysis of therapies utilizing mesenchymal stem cells and ***,the review addresses the limitations and challenges associated with use of mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes,offering potential solutions and guiding future directions.

关键词： clinical trials exosome extracellular vesicles mesenchymal stem cells nerve regeneration peripheral nerve injury pre-clinical experiments

Solar rooftop in India: Policies,challenges and outlook

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Green Energy & Environment 2016年第2期1卷 129-137页

作者： Malti Goel Science & Technological solutions for Sustainable Energy Future Climate Change Research Institute

Solar photovoltaic rooftop has emerged as a potential green technology to address climate change issues by reducing reliance on conventional fossil fuel based energy. With a strong commitment to increase the renewable sources based energy capacity to 175 GW by 2022, India has a target to install 100 GW of solar energy capacity. Of this 40 GW would be the share of grid connected solar PV rooftop. This paper examines global growth in solar energy, world's major rooftop installed capacity countries' policies and solar rooftop policy instruments in India. The current Indian goals, issues & challenges in achieving them and trends in further development are discussed.

关键词： Solar energy India Rooftop PV Policies Outlook

Investigation of carbon dioxide photoreduction process in a laboratory-scale photoreactor by computational fluid dynamic and reaction kinetic modeling

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Frontiers of Chemical Science and Engineering 2022年第7期16卷 1149-1163页

作者： Xuesong Lu Xiaojiao Luo Warren A.Thompson Jeannie Z.Y.Tan MMercedes Maroto-Valer research Centre for Carbon solutions School of Engineering and Physical SciencesHeriot-Watt UniversityEdinburgh EH144ASUK

The production of solar fuels via the photoreduction of carbon dioxide to methane by titanium oxide is a promising process to control greenhouse gas emissions and provide alternative renewable fuels. Although several reaction mechanisms have been proposed, the detailed steps are still ambiguous, and the limiting factors are not well defined. To improve our understanding of the mechanisms of carbon dioxide photoreduction, a multiphysics model was developed using COMSOL. The novelty of this work is the computational fluid dynamic model combined with the novel carbon dioxide photoreduction intrinsic reaction kinetic model, which was built based on three-steps, namely gas adsorption, surface reactions and desorption, while the ultraviolet light intensity distribution was simulated by the Gaussian distribution model and Beer-Lambert model. The carbon dioxide photoreduction process conducted in a laboratory-scale reactor under different carbon dioxide and water moisture partial pressures was then modeled based on the intrinsic kinetic model. It was found that the simulation results for methane, carbon monoxide and hydrogen yield match the experiments in the concentration range of 10^(−4) mol·m^(–3) at the low carbon dioxide and water moisture partial pressure. Finally, the factors of adsorption site concentration, adsorption equilibrium constant, ultraviolet light intensity and temperature were evaluated.

关键词： carbon dioxide photoreduction computational fluid dynamic simulation kinetic model Langmuir adsorption

Innovative Compensation Methods for Large Voltage Drop Effects in Very Long HVDC Transmission Systems

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CSEE Journal of Power and Energy Systems 2021年第1期7卷 1-8页

作者： Mojtaba Mohaddes Ting An Jingjing Lu Narinder Dhaliwal Marcio Szechtman Bjarne R.Andersen TransGrid solutions.Winnipeg Canada Global Energy Interconnection research Institute SGCC.Beijing 102209China Electrobras Rio de JaneiroBrazil Anderson Power Electronic solutions Ltd Bexhill on SeaUK

This paper discusses the impacts of large voltage drops on very long HVDC transmission lines,especially when operating in a monopolar *** effect of using dedicated metallic return(DMR)conductors is *** main focus is on the potential rise at the neutral point of the converters and the need for an increased range for the converter transformer tap *** grounding schemes for multiterminals transnational HVDC systems are presented:single point low impedance grounding and high impedance multi-point *** advantages of the high impedance scheme are *** innovative compensation method for voltage drop effects using a series HVDC converter is presented along with simulation *** novel series converter can address both issues of neutral voltage rise and the impractical tap changer *** put the ideas into the perspective,a realistic example of a transnational HVDC connecting China,central Asia,Russia and West Europe is presented.

关键词： DC grid grounding HVDC series compensation transnational HVDC

Osmotic Pressure of Water in Nafion~

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Tsinghua Science and Technology 2010年第4期15卷 385-390页

作者： Michael K.Budinski Adam Cook General Motors Company Electrochemical Energy Research Lab Honeoye Falls Trison Business solutions

Mechanical failure modes leading to cracks or breeches in proton exchange membrane fuel cells are driven by mechanical forces associated with swelling from water uptake and shrinkage from dehumidifi- cation. To determine the magnitude of compressive mechanical stress imposed by water swelling in a proton exchange fuel-cell membrane, the osmotic pressure of water in a perfluorosulfonic acid ionomer （Nation N 117） membrane was measured using a hydrostatic piston-cylinder device with an in-situ hydrophilic frit. Experiments indicate that hydrostatic stresses greater than 103.5 MPa are created in a membrane when swollen with water at 23℃ suggesting that pressure from water swelling can distort Nafion N 117-based structures as the osmotic pressure is of the same order of magnitude as the flow stress of Nation N 117.

关键词： osmotic pressure pinholes proton exchange membrane fuel-cell perfluorosulfonic acidionomer

Exact solutions of Five Complex Nonlinear Schr¨odinger Equations by Semi-Inverse Variational Principle

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Communications in Theoretical Physics 2014年第9期61卷 301-307页

作者： Mohammad Najafi Somayeh Arbabi medical Biology research Center Kermanshah University of Medical SciencesKermanshah Iran

In this paper, we establish exact solutions for five complex nonlinear Schr¨odinger equations. The semiinverse variational principle(SVP) is used to construct exact soliton solutions of five complex nonlinear Schr¨odinger equations. Many new families of exact soliton solutions of five complex nonlinear Schr¨odinger equations are successfully obtained.

关键词： two-dimensional Schr¨odinger equation three-dimensional Schr¨odinger equation unstable Schr¨odinger equation

Finite element analysis of chip formation and residual stresses induced by sequential cutting in side milling with microns to sub- micron uncut chip thickness and finite cutting edge radius

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Advances in Manufacturing 2015年第4期3卷 309-322页

作者： Nejah Tounsi Tahany EI-Wardany Open Manufacturing solutions Inc. Pierrefonds QC Canada United Technologies research Center East-Hartford CT US

In this paper, the effect of four sequential cuts in side milling of Ti6Al4V on chip formation and residual stresses （RS） are investigated using finite element method （FEM）. While the open literature is limited mainly to the studies of orthogonal sequential cutting with the constant uncut chip thickness greater than 0.01 mm, it is suggested herein to investigate not only the variable uncut chip thickness which characterises the down milling process, but also the uncut chip thickness in the sub-micron range using a finite cutting edge radius. For the resulting ductile machining regime, the characteristics of the chip mor- phology, the force profiles, the plastic deformation and temperature distributions have been analyzed. Furthermore, this study revealed that the RS should be extracted toward the area where the insert exits the workpiece in the FE simulation of the down-milling process. The simulation of a number of sequential cuts due to the consecutive engagements of the insert is required in order to capture the gradual accumulation of the RS before reaching an asymptotic convergence of the RS profile. The predicted RS are in reasonable agreement with the experimental results.

关键词： Finite element method (FEM) Down milling - Sequential cuts Ductile machining regime Chip formation Residual stresses (RS)

Evidence-based guidelines for greener,healthier,more resilient neighbourhoods:Introducing the 3–30–300 rule

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Journal of Forestry research 2023年第3期34卷 821-830页

作者： Cecil C.Konijnendijk Nature Based solutions Institute BarcelonaSpain

The important contributions of urban trees and green spaces to for example,climate moderation and public health have been *** paper discusses guidelines and norms that promote the benefi ts of viewing green,living amongst green,and having easy access to green spaces for recreational *** trees and other vegetation in sight from one’s home,place of work,or school has important mental health and performance benefi *** tree canopy cover is positively associated with cooling and other aspects of climate *** public green spaces in proximity to one’s home stimulates regular use of these areas and results in positive impacts on mental,physical,and social *** analyzing existing guidelines and rules for urban green space planning and provision,a new,comprehensive guideline is presented,known as the‘3–30–300 rule’for urban *** guideline aims to provide equitable access to trees and green spaces and their benefi ts by setting the thresholds of having at least 3 well-established trees in view from every home,school,and place of work,no less than a 30%tree canopy in every neighbourhood;and no more than 300 m to the nearest public green space from every *** implementation of this new guideline is discussed,as well as the advantages and disadvantages of using this evidence-based but also clear and simple rules.

关键词： Climate adaptation Guidelines Public health Trees Urban forestry

Burden and outcomes for complex perianal fistulas in Crohn's disease:Systematic review

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2018年第42期24卷 4821-4834页

作者： Julian Panes Walter Reinisch Ewa Rupniewska Shahnaz Khan Joan Forns Javaria Mona Khalid Daniela Bojic Haridarshan Patel Department of Gastroenterology Hospital Clínic de BarcelonaIDIBAPSCIBERehdBarcelona 08036Spain medical University of Vienna Vienna 1090Austria RTI Health solutions Manchester M20 2LSUnited Kingdom RTI Health solutions Research Triangle ParkNC 27709United States RTI Health solutions Barcelona 08028Spain Takeda DeerfieldIL 60015United States

AIM To systematically review the literature on epidemiology,disease burden, and treatment outcomes for Crohn's disease(CD) patients with complex perianal *** PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane were searched for relevant articles(published 2000-November 2016) and congress abstracts(published 2011-November 2016).RESULTS Of 535 records reviewed, 62 relevant sources were identified(mostly small observational studies). The cumulative incidence of complex perianal fistulas in CD from two referral-centre studies was 12%-14%(follow-up time, 12 years in one study; not reported in the second study). Complex perianal fistulas result in greatly diminished quality of life; up to 59% of patients are at risk of faecal incontinence. Treatments include combinations of medical and surgical interventions and expanded allogeneic adipose-derived stem cells. High proportions of patients experience lack of or inadequate response to treatment(failure and relapse rates,respectively: medical, 12%-73% and 0%-41%; surgical:0%-100% and 11%.20%; combined medical/surgical:0%-80% and 0%-50%; stem cells: 29%-47% and not reported). Few studies(1 of infliximab; 3 of surgical interventions)have been conducted in treatment-refractory patients, a population with high unmet needs. Limited data exist on the clinical value of anti-tumour necrosis factor-α dose escalation in patients with complex perianal fistulas in *** Complex perianal fistulas in CD pose substantial clinical and humanistic burden. There is a need for effective treatments, especially for patients refractory to antitumour necrosis factor-α agents, as evidenced by high failure and relapse rates.

关键词： Burden Complex perianal fistulas Crohn’s disease Epidemiology Outcomes Systematic literature review Treatment