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Historical pearls of the European medical school related to the acute articular rheumatism from the Renaissance to the 20^(th) century

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History & Philosophy of Medicine 2024年第4期6卷 24-28页

作者： Evangelia Mourellou Gregory Tsoucalas Department of the History of Medicine and medical Deontology School of MedicineUniversity of CreteHeraklion 71003Greece

Acute articular rheumatism(AAR)primarily affects children aged 5 to 15,causing fever and non-suppurative arthritis,and can lead to severe heart problems such as mitral stenosis and aortic *** of early years by Hippocrates and Galen were expanded in a in the 19^(th) century by Jean-Baptiste Bouillaud,who linked AAR to heart *** exploration of the historical development of AAR can be beneficial to further medical *** period between Renaissance and mid-20^(th) century unveiled a series of hallmarks in diagnosis,symptomatology,feverous attacks and *** research method,a documentary research related to the *** great importance concerning AAR’s understanding are Hippocrates’early descriptions,Jerome Cardan’s Renaissance distinction between“morbus articularis”and podagral(gout),and Jean-Baptiste Bouillaud’s 19^(th)-century linkage of AAR to heart ***,contributions from Théodore-Hermann Meynet,Louis Bard,and Edmond Weill were pivotal in clarifying the clinical and cardiac aspects of the *** 19^(th) century new diagnostic factors like visceral lesions and clearer understanding of chemical and mineral drugs supplied novel *** the 20^(th) century,research in the United States confirmed the streptococcal cause of AAR,marking an advancement of great significance in the understanding the cause of AAR,as well as its *** since the ancient times AAR has been *** nominations described the disease,while gradually physicians understood the causes and the nature of the disease,as philosophical physiology gave space to clinical anatomy and medical science of the mechanized *** made during the last centuries aided in AAR further *** comprehension of the evolution of AAR is crucial in order to appreciate its current medical perspective and treatment.

关键词： Jean-Baptiste Bouillaud podagral gout streptococcus heart lesion

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medical school Students’ Knowledge of Pain and Palliative Care: An Observational Study

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Journal of Biosciences and Medicines 2023年第4期11卷 39-49页

作者： Carolina Koutras Jacob Marina Perini Carlos Augusto P. Zerbini Marta H. R. Pires Camila Dos Santos Leite Oscar César Pires Laboratory of Pharmacology and Physiology Medicine Department Taubaté University Taubaté Brazil Vera Cruz Hospital Campinas Brazil Laboratory of Immunopharmacology and Molecular Biology S&atildeo Francisco University Medical School Bragan&ccedila Paulista Brazil Laboratory of Cell and Molecular Tumor Biology and Bioactive Compounds S&atildeo Francisco University Medical School Bragan&ccedila Paulista Brazil

Background: Pain and palliative care are a reality in daily routines of medical treatment. However, the theoretical-practical curricula of traditional medical school course still unsatisfactorily contemplate pain management, as well as the palliative care approach. Objective: To assess the knowledge of medical students about pain and palliative care, as well as to identify their perception of teaching these topics during hospitalization. Methods: A cross-sectional observational study, with a descriptive and exploratory approach, data collection for which was carried out between August and November 2020. The target population was medical students, who responded to an online survey of a quantitative, anonymous and follow-up nature. The survey study variables concerned knowledge about pain management and palliative care. Results: An expressive majority of academics showed difficulty in understanding the pathophysiology of pain related to prescribing drugs for pain management purposes, and all of them believe that it is necessary to acquire more knowledge about pain treatment. In parallel, only 9.3% report having received sufficient information regarding palliative care during medical school. Conclusion: The results suggest a certain lack of knowledge and insecurity among medical school students with respect to pain management and care for patients receiving palliative care. The didactical approach to this theme is still deficient in the medical curriculum and requires immediate improvement and new proposals that address the training of these professionals in a more specific and effective way.

关键词： Pain Palliative Care medical Students Academic Institutions

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Effects of different sleeping patterns on academic performance in medical school students

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Natural Science 2013年第11期5卷 1193-1198页

作者： Aabid Ali Muhammad Bilal Majeed Kanwal Saba Amanda Bodenarain Mulazim Hussain Bukhari American University of Barbados School of Medicine Barbados St. Michael Barbados Department of Pathology Demonstrator King Edward Medical University Lahore Pakistan King Edward medical University Lahore Pakistan

In the past, efforts have been made to determine the influence of sleep quantity and its deprivation, on functioning efficiency of human beings. However, determination of sleeping patterns that could improve intellectual performance has been largely neglected. This study is designed to discover the effects of different sleeping patterns on academic performance among medical students. A descriptive study was carried out in King Edward medical University in Lahore, Pakistan during a six-month time span from May 11th, 2011 to September 30th, 2011. Of the total population of 1350 students in King Edward medical University, 591 undergraduates were included in the study. A questionnaire designed on sleeping patterns and academic performance was distributed in May 2011. What was described as outstanding students were greater in number in group 4 (7/19) 36.8% and group 6 (6/19) 31.6%. Above average students with sleeping patterns were in group 4 (13/37) 35.1% and group 6 (10/37) 27%. Average students were shown to have sleeping patterns of group 4 (11/25) 44% and group 6 (7/25) 28%. Below average students were shown to have sleeping patterns of group 4 (3/3) 100%. Most of our students had a reduction in the total amount of sleeping hours throughout the years. Midnight to 6 o’clock in the morning with an afternoon nap was the sleeping pattern that was most commonly seen in all groups. We concluded that different sleeping patterns do not affect the performance of medical students in the academic prospective. Many other factors may be involved in the lack of significant achievement, in order to prove that the sleeping patterns are not related to the academic performance, and more data would need to be collected.

关键词： medical Student Sleeping Patterns Academic Performance

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The status of tobacco use and knowledge,and attitudes relating to smoking among female students in a Bengbu medical school

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Journal of Nanjing medical University 2009年第3期23卷 189-193页

作者： Yulong Qi Cuizhu Mei Department of Psychology Bengbu Medical College Bengbu 233030 China Department of Epidemiology and Sratistics Bengbu Medical College Bengbu 233030 China

Objective： To learn the status of tobacco use, and the knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors among female students in Bengbu medical College. Methods： In a cross-sectional survey, questionnaires were completed by 634 female students in the medical college in 2007, including the prevalence of current smoking, their knowledge of the effects of tobacco use on health, and attitudes towards the smoking behaviors of young women. Results： Only 6.9% of female medical students were former smokers, and 4.9% of them were current smokers. There was no significant difference in the current smoking rate among the students from each department surveyed. Female students from urban areas were more likely to be current or attempted smokers than those from rural areas. The proportion of the students who were aware of the health risks of smoking was less than 45%. The students from the Department of Nursing had more knowledge regarding the harmful health effects of smoking than those from the other departments. There was no significant difference in attitudes towards the smoking behaviors of young women among the students from each department. Compared with female students from rural areas, the female students from urban areas were significantly more likely to think that a young woman who smoked was cool, mature and charming. Conclusion： The smoking prevalence of the female students in Bengbu medical College is high. They are not aware of the smoking related risks and have erroneous beliefs and perceptions about female smoking behaviors.

关键词： tobacco use knowledge attitude female medical students

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Genetics in medical school curriculum:A look at the University of Rochester school of Medicine and Dentistry

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Journal of Zhejiang University-Science B(Biomedicine & Biotechnology) 2008年第1期9卷 10-15页

作者： Deanne M. ROBINSON Chin-To FONG Department of Pediatrics University of Rochester School of Medicine and DentistryRochesterNY 14642USA

Genetics is assuming an increasingly important role in medicine. As a result,the teaching of genetics should also be increased proportionally to ensure that future physicians will be able to take advantage of the new genetic technology,and to understand the associated ethical,legal and social issues. At the University of Rochester school of Medicine and Dentistry,we have been able to incorporate genetic education into a four-year medical curriculum in a fully integrated fashion. This model may serve as a template for other medical curriculum still in development.

关键词： Genetics education medical education Curriculum reform

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TEACHING ACUPUNCTURE TO medical STUDENTS:THE EXPERIENCE OF RIO PRETO medical school(FAMERP), BRAZIL

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Journal of Integrative Medicine 2014年第3期 313-313页

作者： Joao Bosco Silva Rassen Saidah Cecilia Megid Neil Ramos Rio Preto medical school

Complementary and alternative medicine(CAM), in particular acupuncture, has been practiced and taught in recent years in many universities in the Western ***, we relate our experience since 1997 in teaching acupuncture to medical students in Rio Preto medical school(Famerp), *** are given in the third and fifth *** main goals of understanding the mechanisms of action and being able to recognize patients who may benefit from treatment and referring them have been well achieved, scoring 3.6 and 4.1 respectively, on a scale from *** using that scale, medical students believe that acupuncture is important in the curriculum(4.6), course time is not sufficient(2.7) and they would like more information(4.6).To overcome these concerns, many students join the undergraduate study groups(Acupuncture League) where they have more time to *** also describe the presence of foreign medical students who, since 2000, have enrolled in a course of 150 h in an exchange program.

关键词： TEACHING ACUPUNCTURE TO medical STUDENTS FAMERP BRAZIL

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Research on the Methodologies and Approaches for Enhancing College Students’ Humanistic Quality in medical school

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International Journal of Technology Management 2016年第4期 13-15页

作者： Jianlan Zhou Xiaojin Wang Changsha medical University ChangshaHunan 410219 China

In this paper, we conduct research on the methodologies and the approaches for enhancing college students’ humanistic quality in medical school. The nature of medicine is medical education attaches great importance to the humanity quality education. medical education and the humanistic quality education mutually harmony, to make the medical quality and humanity quality as the one, developed a new generation of high quality good. Since the 21st century, China’s medical colleges in explore the basic approaches and methods of the medical education, the teaching theory and research have made signifi cant progress, based on the analysis of humanistic quality curriculum structure in the universities of China, the concept of curriculum implementation, and some suggestions in aspects such as education method to explore new way of enhancing the medical student humanities quality education effectiveness that will be innovative.

关键词： medical school Approaches College Student Humanistic Quality Methods

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Salt Preference and the Incidence of Cardiovascular Disease in a Japanese General Population: The Jichi medical school Cohort Study

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Health 2016年第1期8卷 105-115页

作者： Saki Tadenuma Hideyuki Kanda Shizukiyo Ishikawa Kazunori Kayaba Tadao Gotoh Yosikazu Nakamura Eiji Kajii Department of Environmental Health and Public Health Faculty of Medicine Shimane University Shimane Japan Department of Anesthesiology Faculty of Medicine Shimane University Shimane Japan Division of Community and Family Medicine Center for Community Medicine Jichi Medical University Tochigi Japan Graduate school of Saitama Prefectural University Saitama Japan Wara National Health Insurance Clinic Gifu Japan Department of Public Health Jichi Medical University Tochigi Japan

Dietary salt intake has been reported to be associated with cardiovascular disease (CVD). However, there were few studies that assessed the relationship of salt preference with CVD. We examined the association between salt preference and the incidence of CVD and its subtypes in a Japanese general population. Based on the prospective Jichi medical school Cohort Study, data were analyzed from 11,394 eligible participants. A baseline survey of the preference for salt was obtained by questionnaire and health examinations from April 1992 through July 1995 in 12 communities in Japan. The participants were followed up until December 2005 (mean follow-up period, 10.7 ± 2.4 years). Subjects were divided into three categories according to their preference for salt: favor, so-so, and disfavor. A Cox proportional hazards model was used to calculate hazard ratios (HRs) of the incidence of CVD according to the preference categories. We observed 485 cardiovascular events (258 in men and 227 in women). Among the men, the multivariable adjusted HRs for incidence of myocardial infarction and subarachnoid hemorrhage for favor versus so-so salt preference were 0.34 (95% confidence interval, 0.17 - 0.71) and 7.10 (0.88 - 56.84), respectively. Among the women, age-adjusted HRs for the incidence of CVD, total stroke, cerebral hemorrhage, and cerebral infarction for the favor preference were 1.41 (1.02 - 1.95), 1.36 (0.97 - 1.91), 1.79 (0.87 - 3.71), and 1.40 (0.89 - 2.19), respectively. The data indicated that preference for salt may be associated with an increase in the incidence of CVD in women.

关键词： Salt Preference Cardiovascular Disease Cohort Study Japanese

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Characteristics and achievements of the Xin'an medical school

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Journal of Traditional Chinese medical Sciences 2018年第4期5卷 328-334页

作者： Yun Pan Jian Wang Jianpeng Hu Lina Wang Zihui Li Feifei Bu Yinjun Wen Ya'nan Song school of Traditional Chinese Medicine Beijing University of Chinese MedicineBeijing 100029China school of Traditional Chinese Medicine Anhui University of Chinese MedicineHefei 230038China

The Xin'an medical school began in the Jin Dynasty(266-420),developed in the Song Dynasty(960-1279),prospered in theMing and Qing dynasties(1368-1911),and has been passed down to the modern *** a school of medicine with distinct regional characteristics,it has contributed to the development of traditional Chinese medicine and exerted farreaching influence,mainly in literature resources,medical theory,clinical application,and spiritual *** paper intends to discuss its academic characteristics and contribution to the development of traditional Chinese medicine,focusing on its formation,academic inheritance and innovation,overseas popularization,and integration of Confucianism,Taoism,and Buddhism in medicine.

关键词： Xin'an medical school Regional medical schools Ancient Huizhou Achievements and characteristics

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Awareness of mobile phone hazards among university students in a Malaysian medical school

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Health 2011年第7期3卷 406-415页

作者： Latha Rajendra Kumar Kiu Dawn Chii Lye Chuan Way Yogeeta Jetly Veena Rajendaran Faculty of Medicine Asian Institute of Medical Science and Technology Bedong Bukit Air Nasi 08100 Kedah Malaysia

This paper seeks to examine the awareness of potential health hazards by using mobile phone among AIMST (Asian Institute of medical science and technology) University students. This is a cross-sectional survey conducted by distributing ‘perception questionnaire’. Perception of health hazards and outcomes were compared by gender, age, course of study, preferred ear, number of calls and SMS daily, the brand of mobile phone and use of mobile phone accessory (Bluetooth and hands free). The overall perception of mobile phone hazard in AIMST university student was 62%.Most subjects agreed that mobile phone usage can cause headache, loss of mental attention and sleeping disturbances and most disagree that mobile phone usage can cause constipation and diarrhea. Out of the 124 subjects who were aware of the side effects, 5% of the males and 10% of the females felt that there was no need to minimize the unwanted effects. The paper is useful to the general population particularly to the students as the perceived health risk did not significantly deter students from using mobile phone. The reasons given by students for the continued usage of mobile phone in spite of their awareness of the associated hazards have been discussed. This study offers new insight into level of awareness and perception of mobile phone hazard among University students.

关键词： Mobile phone Hazards Perception Questionnaire University Students

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