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The olfactory system of Pieris brassicae caterpllars:from receptors to glomeruli

Insect Science 2024年第2期31卷 469-488页

作者： Qi Wang Hans M.Smid Marcel Dicke Alexander Haverkamp laboratory of entomology Wageningen University and ResearchWageningenthe Netherlands

Tolfactory system of adult lepidopterans is among the best described neuronal ***,comparatively little is known about the organization of the olfactory system in the larval stage of these ***,we explore the expression of olfactory receptors and the organization of olfactory sensory neurons in caterpillars of Pieris brassicae,a significant pest species in Europe and a well-studied species for its chemical *** describe the larval olfactory system in this species,we first analyzed the head transcriptome of third-instar larvae(L3)and identified 16 odorant receptors(ORs)including the OR coreceptor(Orco),13 ionotropic receptors(IRs),and 8 gustatory receptors(GRs).We then quantified the expression of these 16 ORs in different life stages,using qPCR,and found that the majority of ORs had significantly higher expression in the L4 stage than in the L3 and L5 stages,indicating that the larval olfactory system is not static throughout caterpillar *** an Orco-specific antibody,we identified all olfactory receptor neurons(ORNs)expressing the Orco protein in L3,L4,and L5 caterpillars and found a total of 34 Orco-positive ORNs,distributed among three sensilla on the *** number of Orco-positive ORNs did not differ among the three larval ***,we used retrograde axon tracing of the antennal nerve and identified a mean of 15 glomeruli in the larval antennal center(LAC),suggesting that the caterpillar olfactory system follows a similar design as the adult olfactory system,although with a lower numerical *** together,our results provide a detailed analysis of the larval olfactory neurons in P brassicae,highlighting both the differences as well as the commonalities with the adult olfactory *** findings contribute to a better understanding of the development of the olfactory system in insects and its life-stage-specific adaptations.

关键词： glomeruli larvae Lepidoptera odorant receptor olfactory receptor neurons sensilla

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Mitogenome-based phylogeny of mosquitoes(Diptera:Culicidae)

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Insect Science 2024年第2期31卷 599-612页

作者： De-Hong Chen Shu-Lin He Wen-Bo Fu Zhen-Tian Yan Yun-Jian Hu Huan Yuan Ming-Bin Wang Bin Chen Chongqing Key laboratory of Vector Insects Institute of Entomology and Molecular BiologyChongqing Normal UniversityChongqingChina

Mosquitoes are of great medical significance as vectors of many deadly *** have been widely used in phylogenetic studies,but mitogenome knowledge within the family Culicidae is limited,and Culicidae phylogeny is far from *** this study,we surveyed the mitogenomes of 149 Culicidae species,including 7 newly sequenced *** analysis of 149 mosquito mitogenomes shows gene composition and order to be identical to that of an ancestral insect,and the AT bias,length variation,and codon usage are all consistent with that of other reported Dipteran *** analyses based on the DNA sequences of the 13 protein-coding genes from the 149 species robustly support the monophyly of the subfamily Anophelinae and the tribes Aedini,Culicini,Mansonini,Sabethini,and *** resolve ambiguous relationships between clades within the subfamily Culicinae,we performed topological tests and show that Aedini is a sister to Culicini and that Uranotaenini is a sister to(Mansonini)+(Toxorhynchitini+Sabethini).In addition,we estimated divergence times using a Bayesian relaxation clock based on the sequence data and 3 fossil calibration *** results show mosquitoes diverged during the Early Jurassic with massive Culicinae radiations during the Cretaceous,coincident with the emergence of angiosperms and the burst of mammals and ***,this study,which uses the largest number of Culicidae mitogenomes sequenced to date,comprehensively reveals the mitogenome characteristics and mitogenome-based phylogeny and divergence times of Culicidae,providing information for further studies on the mitogenome,phylogeny,evolution,and taxonomic revision of Culicidae.

关键词： characterization Culicidae evolution mitogenomes mosquitoes phylogeny

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Insect-specific RNA virus affects the stylet penetration activity of brown citrus aphid(Aphis citricidus)to facilitate its transmission

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Insect Science 2024年第1期31卷 255-270页

作者： Xin An Qiaoying Gu Jing Wang Tengyu Chang Wei Zhang Jin-Jun Wang Jinzhi Niu Key laboratory of entomology and Pest Control Engineering College of Plant ProtectionAcademy of Agricultural ScienceSouthwest UniversityChongqingChina

Sap-sucking insects often transmit plant viruses but also carry insect viruses,which infect insects but not *** impact of such insect viruses on insect host biology and ecology is largely ***,we identified a novel insect-specific virus carried by brown citrus aphid(Aphis citricidus),which we tentatively named Aphis citricidus picornavirus(AcPV).Phylogenetic analysis discovered a monophyletic cluster with AcPV and other unassigned viruses,suggesting that these viruses represent a new family in order *** infection with AcPV triggered aphid antiviral immunity mediated by RNA interference,resulting in asymptomatic ***,we found that AcPV was transmitted horizontally by secretion of the salivary gland into the feeding sites of *** influenced aphid stylet behavior during feeding and increased the time required for intercellular penetration,thus promoting its transmission among aphids with plants as an intermediate *** gene expression results suggested that this mechanism was linked with transcription of salivary protein genes and plant defense hormone ***,our results show that the horizontal transmission of AcPV in brown citrus aphids evolved in a manner similar to that of the circulative transmission of plant viruses by insect vectors,thus providing a new ecological perspective on the activity of insect-specific viruses found in aphids and improving the understanding of insect virus ecology.

关键词： electrical penetration graph feeding behavior insect virus transmission Picornavirales salivary protein

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RNA interference in insects:the link between antiviral defense and pest control

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Insect Science 2024年第1期31卷 2-12页

作者： Jinzhi Niu Ruoyu Chen Jin-Jun Wang Key laboratory of entomology and Pest Control Engineering College of Plant ProtectionSouthwest UniversityChongqingChina Key laboratory of Agricultural Biosafety and Green Production of Upper Yangtze River(Ministry of Education) Southwest UniversityChongqingChina

RNA interference(RNAi)is a form of gene silencing triggered by double-stranded RNA(dsRNA)that operates in all eukaryotic *** has been widely investigated in insects to determine the underlying molecular mechanism,to investigate its role in systemic antiviral defense,and to develop strategies for pest *** insect cells are infected by viruses,viral dsRNA signatures trigger a local RNAi response to block viral replication and generate virus-derived DNA that confers systemic ***-based insect pest control involves the application of exogenous dsRNA targeting genes essential for insect development or survival,but the efficacy of this approach has limited potency in many pests through a combination of rapid dsRNA degradation,inefficient dsRNA uptake/processing,and ineffective RNAi *** could be addressed by dsRNA screening and evaluation,focusing on dsRNA design and off-target management,as well as dsRNA production and *** review summarizes recent progress to determine the role of RNAi in antiviral defense and as a pest control strategy in insects,addressing gaps between our fundamental understanding of the RNAi mechanism and the exploitation of RNAi-based pest control strategies.

关键词： RNAi response systemic RNAi insecticidal dsRNA biological control off-targets

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Current resistance status of Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus populations in Penang Island,Malaysia

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine 2024年第10期17卷 445-455页

作者： Kin Hoong Ng Wan Fatma Zuharah medical entomology laboratory School of Biological SciencesUniversiti Sains MalaysiaMalaysia11900PenangMalaysia

Objective:To determine the current insecticide resistance status of Aedes(Ae.)aegypti and *** to four insecticides,namely 0.05%deltamethrin,0.75%permethrin,5%malathion and 0.25%pirimiphos-methyl using the World Health Organisation(WHO)susceptibility test ***:Adult bioassays were carried out using the standard protocol of the World Health *** F1 generation urban and suburban field strains of *** and *** were tested against pyrethroid and organophosphate insecticides,including the presence of piperonyl butoxide(PBO)in four replicates of 25 non-blood-fed female mosquitoes ranging from 3 to 5 days *** Vector Control Research Unit(VCRU)laboratory strain served as a reference ***:In this study,0.05%deltamethrin demonstrated a lower value of knockdown time when 50%of the mosquito population died(KT50)and knockdown time when 95%of the mosquito population died(KT95),which is significantly more effective compared to 0.75%permethrin against adult female ***(urban and suburban)and ***(urban and suburban)(ANOVA,P<0.01).Meanwhile,5%malathion was a more effective insecticide,amounting to the shorter KT50 and KT95 compared to 0.25%pirimiphos-methyl against ***(urban and suburban)and ***(urban and suburban).*** urban and *** suburban performed a higher resistance ratio(RR)towards both 0.05%deltamethrin and 0.75%permethrin due to the wide use of permethrin in dengue vector control programs in ***,*** urban and suburban have lower resistance than *** urban and suburban towards 0.05%deltamethrin and 0.75%permethrin at 24 hours *** addition of PBO with these insecticides successfully reduced knockdown time(KT50 and KT95)values of most of the *** and *** field strains except PBO+0.75%permethrin against *** ***:The addition of PBO to insecticides has significantly reduced the knockdown time(KT50

关键词： Aedes Insecticide resistance Mosquito Organophosphates Pyrethroids Vector control

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MicroR-9c-5p and novel-mir50 co-target Akt to regulate Lasioderma serricorne reproduction

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Insect Science 2024年第1期31卷 106-118页

作者： Yi Yan Dong-Dong Qin Hong Yang Kang-Kang Xu Can Li Wen-Jia Yang Provincial Key laboratory for Agricultural Pest Management of Mountainous Region Institute of EntomologyGuizhou UniversityGuiyangChina Guizhou Provincial Key laboratory for Rare Animal and Economic Insect of the Mountainous Region College of Biology and Environmental EngineeringGuiyang UniversityGuiyangChina

High fecundity is a common characteristic of insect pests which increases the difficulty of population ***/threonine kinase Akt is an indispensable component of the insulin signaling *** of LsAkt severely hinders reproduction in Lasioderma serricorne,a stored product insect ***,the post-transcriptional pathway of LsAkt in *** remains *** study identified 2 binding sites of miR-9c-5p and novel-mir50 in the coding sequences of *** expression profiles of 2 microRNAs(miRNAs)and LsAkt displayed an opposite pattern during the adult *** reporter assay showed that novel-mir50 and miR-9c-5p could downregulate the expression of *** of miR-9c-5p and novel-mir50 by injection of mimics inhibited the expression of LsAkt and reduced oviposition,decreased egg hatchability,and blocked ovarian *** also decreased the expression of genes involved in ovarian development(LsVg and LsVgR)and the nutritional signaling pathway(LsTOR,LsS6K,and Ls4EBP),and reduced the phosphorylation of ***,injection of miR-9c-5p and novel-mir50 inhibitors induced the expressions of LsAkt,LsVg,LsVgR,LsTOR,LsS6K,and Ls4EBP,enhanced Akt phosphorylation level,and accelerated ovarian *** of bovine insulin downregulated the expression of miR-9c-5p and novel-mir50 and upregulated the LsAkt *** also rescued the reproductive development defects associated with miR-9c-5p/novel-mir50 overexpression,forming a positive regulatory loop of insulin *** results indicate that miR-9c-5p/novel-mir50 regulates the female reproduction of *** by targeting Akt in response to insulin *** data also demonstrate the effects of the insulin/miRNA/Akt regulatory axis in insect reproduction.

关键词： Akt insulin Lasioderma serricorne microRNA reproduction

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Genome-wide analysis of Panonychus citrimicro RNAs witha focus on potential insecticidal activity of 4 micro RNAs toeggs and nymphs

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Insect Science 2024年第2期31卷 354-370页

作者： Chuan-Zhen Li Yu-Hang Liu Deng Pan Meng-Hao Xia Qiang Zhang Yu-Chuang Li Guo-Rui Yuan Jin-Jun Wang Wei Dou Key laboratory of entomology and Pest Control Engineering College of Plant ProtectionAcademy of Agricultural SciencesSouthwestUniversityChongqingChina Key laboratory of Agricultural Biosafety and Green Production of Upper Yangtze River(Ministry of Education) Academy of Agricultural SciencesSouthwest UniversityChongqingChina

Panonychus citriMcGregor(Acari:Tetranychidae),a destructive citrus pest,causes considerable annual economic losses due to its short lifespan and rapid ***(miRNA)-induced RNA interference is a promising approachfor pest control because of endogenous regulation of pest growth and *** for miRNAs with potential insecticidal activity ***,genome-wide analysis ofmiRNAs at different developmental stages was conducted,resulting in the identificationof 136 miRNAs,including 73 known and 63 novel miRNAs.A total of 17 isomiRNAsand 12 duplicated miRNAs were ***-1 and miR-252-5p were identified asreference miRNAs *** *** on differential expressionanalysis,treatments with miR-let-7a and miR-315 mimics and the miR-let-7a antagomirsignificantly reduced the egg hatch rate and resulted in abnormal egg ***-expression or downregulation of miR-34-5p and miR-305-5p through feeding significantlydecreased the adult eclosion rate and caused molting *** 4 miRNAs,miR-let-7a,miR-315,miR-34-5p,and miR-305-5p,had important regulatory functions and insectici-dal properties in egg hatching and adult *** general,these data advance our un-derstanding of miRNAs in mite biology,which can assist future studies on insect-specificmiRNA-based green pest control technology.

关键词： growth and development microRNAs Panonychus citri referencemiRNAs regulation small RNA libraries

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Identification and immune analysis of antimicrobial peptides from the cigarette beetle(Lasioderma serricorne)

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Insect Science 2024年第4期31卷 1121-1134页

作者： Yue Zhang Yi Yan Guy Smagghe Hong Yang Ren-huai Dai Wen-jia Yang Guizhou Provincial Key laboratory for Agricultural Pest Management of the Mountainous Region Institute of EntomologyGuizhou UniversityGuiyangChina Guizhou Provincial Key laboratory for Rare Animal and Economic Insect of the Mountainous Region College of Biology and Environmental EngineeringGuiyang UniversityGuiyangChina

Antimicrobial peptides(AMPs)in insects are endogenous peptides that are effector components of the innate defense system of the *** may serve as antimicrobial agents because of their small molecular weight and broad-spectrum antimicrobial *** this study,we performed transcriptome analysis of cigarette beetle(Lasioderma serricorne)larvae,parasitized by the ectoparasitic wasp,Anisopteromalus *** AMP genes were significantly upregulated following *** parasitism,postulating the hypothesis that the parasitization enhanced the host's resistance against pathogenic microorganisms through the regulation of host AMP ***,3 AMP genes(LsDef1,LsDef2,and LsCole)were significantly upregulated and we studied their immune function in *** challenge and functional analysis showed that LsCole was responsible for the immune response against Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria,while LsDef1 and LsDef2 were involved in insect defense against Gram-positive *** recombinant LsCole exhibited antimicrobial activities against the Gram-negative bacterium Escherichia coli and the Gram-positive bacterium Staphylococcus ***2 showed an antibacterial effect against *** and LsDef2 exhibited antibiofilm activity against *** 2 AMPs disrupted cell membranes and caused leakage of *** cell *** results indicated that the 3 AMPs in *** are involved in the innate immunity of this pest *** AMPs may have potential as antimicrobial agents for bacterial infection ***,data are discussed in relation to new control strategies with greater biosafety against pest insects with use of microbial biocontrol agents in combination with RNA interference against the insect's defensive AMP genes.

关键词： antimicrobial activity antimicrobial peptides innate immune response Lasioderma serricorne RNA interference

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Identification and functional verification of Y-chromosome-specific gene typo-gyf in Bactrocera dorsalis

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Insect Science 2024年第4期31卷 1270-1284页

作者： Peipei Liu Shuning Yu Wenping Zheng Qiuyuan Zhang Jiao Qiao Ziniu Li Zhurong Deng Hongyu Zhang National Key laboratory for Germplasm Innovation and Utilization for Fruit and Vegetable Horticultural Crops Hubei Hongshan LaboratoryChina-Australia Joint Research Centre for Horticultural and Urban PestsInstitute of Urban and Horticultural EntomologyCollege of Plant Science and TechnologyHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanChina

Genes on the Y chromosome play important roles in male sex determination and *** identification of Y-chromosome-specific genes not only provides a theoretical basis for the study of male reproductive development,but also offers genetic control targets for agricultural ***,Y-chromosome genes are rarely characterized due to their high repeatability and high heterochromatinization,especially in the oriental fruit *** this study,1011 Y-chromosome-specific candidate sequences were screened from 2 to 4 h Bactrocera dorsalis embryo datasets with the chromosome quotient method,6 of which were identified as Y-chromosome-specific sequences by polymerase chain reaction,including typo-gyf,a 19126-bp DNA sequence containing a 575-amino acid open reading *** deformation and a significant reduction in sperm number were observed after typo-gyf knockdown with RNA interference in *** typo-gyf knockout with clustered regularly interspaced palindromic repeats(CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated protein 9 in the embryonic stage,the sex ratio of the emergent adults was unbalanced,with far more females than males.A genotype analysis of these females with the Y-chromosome gene MoY revealed no sex ***-gyf knockout led to the death of XY individuals in the embryonic *** conclude that typo-gyf is an essential gene for male survival,and is also involved in testicular development and *** identification of typo-gyf and its functional verification provide insight into the roles of Y-chromosome genes in male development.

关键词： Bactrocera dorsalis spermatogenesis testis typo-gyf gene Y-specific gene

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Nitrogen availability mediates the effects of roots and mycorrhizal fungi on soil organic carbon decomposition:A meta-analysis

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Pedosphere 2024年第2期34卷 289-296页

作者： Tongshuo BAI Yunpeng QIU Shuijin HU Ecosystem Ecology laboratory College of Resources and Environmental SciencesNanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjing 210095China Department of entomology&Plant Pathology North Carolina State UniversityRaleigh NC 27695USA

Plant roots and their associated mycorrhizal fungi critically mediate the decomposition of soil organic carbon(C),but the general patterns of their impacts over a broad geographical range and the primary mediating factors remain *** on a synthesis of 596 paired observations from both field and greenhouse experiments,we found that living roots and/or mycorrhizal fungi increased organic C decomposition by 30.9%,but low soil nitrogen(N)availability(i.e.,high soil C:N ratio)critically mitigated this promotion *** addition,the positive effects of living roots and/or mycorrhizal fungi on organic C decomposition were higher under herbaceous and leguminous plants than under woody and non-leguminous plants,***,there was no significant difference between arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and ectomycorrhizal fungi in their effects on organic C ***,roots and/or mycorrhizal fungi significantly enhanced the decomposition of leaf litter but not root *** findings advance our understanding of how roots and their symbiotic fungi modulate soil C dynamics in the rhizosphere or mycorrhizosphere and may help improve predictions of soil global C balance under a changing climate.

关键词： arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi ectomycorrhizal fungi leaf litter leguminous plant mycorhizosphere rhizosphere root litter soil C:N ratio

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