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Laser-Constructing 3D Copper Current Collector with Crystalline Orientation Selectivity for Stable Lithium Metal Batteries

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ENERGY & ENVIRONMENTAL MATERIALS 2024年第6期7卷 129-139页

作者： Li, Hui Wang, Gang Hu, Jin Li, Jun Huang, Jiaxu Xu, Shaolin Southern Univ Sci & Technol Dept Mech & Energy Engn Shenzhen 518000 Peoples R China

The practical application of lithium (Li) metal anodes in high-capacity batteries is impeded by the formation of hazardous Li dendrites. To address this challenge, this research presents a novel methodology that combines laser ablation and heat treatment to precisely induce controlled grain growth within laser-structured grooves on copper (Cu) current collectors. Specifically, this approach enhances the prevalence of Cu (100) facets within the grooves, effectively lowering the overpotential for Li nucleation and promoting preferential Li deposition. Unlike approaches that modify the entire surface of collectors, our work focuses on selectively enhancing lithiophilicity within the grooves to mitigate the formation of Li dendrites and exhibit exceptional performance metrics. The half-cell with these collectors maintains a remarkable Coulombic efficiency of 97.42% over 350 cycles at 1 mA cm(-2). The symmetric cell can cycle stably for 1600 h at 0.5 mA cm(-2). Furthermore, when integrated with LiFePO4 cathodes, the full-cell configuration demonstrates outstanding capacity retention of 92.39% after 400 cycles at a 1C discharge rate. This study introduces a novel technique for fabricating selective lithiophilic three-dimensional (3D) Cu current collectors, thereby enhancing the performance of Li metal batteries. The insights gained from this approach hold promise for enhancing the performance of all laser-processed 3D Cu current collectors by enabling precise lithiophilic modifications within complex structures.

关键词： copper current collector heat treatment laser processing lithium metal battery selective crystalline orientation ABNORMAL GRAIN-GROWTH LI METAL DEPOSITION TEXTURE ENERGY

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Effect of using borax decahydrate as nanoparticles additive in blends of spirulina biodiesel/diesel on combustion characteristics and knock intensity

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CLEAN ENERGY 2024年第3期8卷 62-78页

作者： Singh, Ajay Partap Gautam, Puneet Singh IIMT Univ Meerut Mech Engn Dept Meerut 250001 Uttar Pradesh India

In this extensive investigation, the impact of borax decahydrate as a fuel additive in a diesel single-cylinder engine was rigorously examined. Borax decahydrate was introduced at concentrations of 5, 15, 25 and 35 g in 500 ml of biodiesel, forming five unique fuel mixtures with conventional diesel: 90% diesel + 10% spirulina biodiesel (SB10), SB10 + 1 g borax decahydrate (SB10B1), SB10 + 3 g borax decahydrate (SB10B3), SB10 + 5 g borax decahydrate (SB10B5) and SB10 + 7 g borax decahydrate (SB10B7). The investigation encompassed four diverse loading conditions and yielded insightful findings. Notably, at full load, SB10B3 exhibited a higher cylinder peak pressure than diesel, reaching 69.25 bar. Heat release rate profiles demonstrated superior efficiency for SB10 at 50% load, with a cumulative heat release rate of 950 J/degrees CA, which is lower than the 1050 J/degrees CA of diesel. Knock intensity (KI) evaluations revealed that, although SB10 and SB10B1 exhibited higher KI than diesel at full load due to elevated peak pressure, SB10B7 showed no knocking across all loads, indicative of reduced in-cylinder combustion. This meticulous numerical analysis emphasizes the potential of borax decahydrate as a catalyst and enhancer, providing valuable insights into the combustion dynamics of these alternative fuel blends and their viability for sustainable and efficient engine performance. In summary, out of all the blends, SB10B3 could be a potential diesel fuel replacement fuel for compression-ignition engines. The impact of borax decahydrate as a fuel additive is tested in a single-cylinder engine that burned mixtures of diesel and biodiesel derived from spirulina. Five unique mixtures of fuels and additive are used at different engine loads. Graphical Abstract

关键词： spirulina biodiesel borax decahydrate diesel engine combustion knock intensity HRR in-cylinder pressure DIESEL-ENGINE PERFORMANCE REAL-TIME START EMISSION CHARACTERISTICS EXHAUST EMISSIONS OIL CONSUMPTION FEEDSTOCK

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In Situ Growth of 2D Metal-Organic Framework Ion Sieve Interphase for Reversible Zinc Anodes

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ENERGY & ENVIRONMENTAL MATERIALS 2024年第6期7卷 158-166页

作者： Sun, Jing Jian, Qinping Liu, Bin Lin, Pengzhu Zhao, Tianshou Hong Kong Univ Sci & Technol Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn Kowloon Clear Water Bay Hong Kong Peoples R China Southern Univ Sci & Technol Dept Mech & Energy Engn Shenzhen 518055 Peoples R China

Zinc metal anodes are gaining popularity in aqueous electrochemical energy storage systems for their high safety, cost-effectiveness, and high capacity. However, the service life of zinc metal anodes is severely constrained by critical challenges, including dendrites, water-induced hydrogen evolution, and passivation. In this study, a protective two-dimensional metal-organic framework interphase is in situ constructed on the zinc anode surface with a novel gel vapor deposition method. The ultrathin interphase layer (similar to 1 mu m) is made of layer-stacking 2D nanosheets with angstrom-level pores of around 2.1 angstrom, which serves as an ion sieve to reject large solvent-ion pairs while homogenizes the transport of partially desolvated zinc ions, contributing to a uniform and highly reversible zinc deposition. With the shielding of the interphase layer, an ultra-stable zinc plating/stripping is achieved in symmetric cells with cycling over 1000 h at 0.5 mA cm(-2) and similar to 700 h at 1 mA cm(-2), far exceeding that of the bare zinc anodes (250 and 70 h). Furthermore, as a proof-of-concept demonstration, the full cell paired with MnO2 cathode demonstrates improved rate performances and stable cycling (1200 cycles at 1 A g(-1)). This work provides fresh insights into interphase design to promote the performance of zinc metal anodes.

关键词： 2D MOF desolvation interphase ion sieve zinc anode DEPOSITION KINETICS CRYSTAL

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Use of waste plastic oil as a fuel in reactivity-controlled compression ignition engines: a bibliometric investigation from 2017-23

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CLEAN ENERGY 2024年第3期8卷 206-222页

作者： Kanchan, Sumit Sandhu, Sarbjot Singh Dr BR Ambedkar Natl Inst Technol Dept Mech Engn Jalandhar Punjab India Lovely Profess Univ Sch Mech Engn Jalandhar Punjab India

Waste plastic oil, generated through the pyrolysis of plastic without oxygen, known as plastic-to-fuel conversion, stands as a promising alternative fuel. This research employs bibliometric analysis, a quantitative method, to comprehensively assess publications in the domain of waste plastic oil integration within reactivity-controlled compression ignition engines. Utilizing Scopus as the primary repository post-2017, the study categorizes information into pivotal aspects, including influential journals, countries, authors, affiliations, document types, thematic areas, sponsors and keywords. The analysis reveals significant contributions from diverse nations, prominently India, China, Turkey and Malaysia. Noteworthy is the prevalence of Energy, Engineering and Chemical Engineering as thematic focal points, with the journal Fuel leading the count followed by the journal Energy emerging as a prominent conduit. Institutional contributions are prolific, led by Gandhi Institute of Technology and Management University and Vellore Institute of Technology. Renowned authors 'Gugulothu S.K' and 'He Z' play a pivotal role in shaping the discourse. The National Natural Science Foundation of China stands out as a primary patron. This bibliometric analysis provides a structured understanding of waste plastic oil integration in reactivity-controlled compression ignition engines, laying the groundwork for future research avenues. The study identifies potential research platforms beyond Scopus, including Web of Science, CrossRef, Science Direct and Google Scholar, as valuable repositories for further exploration. Moreover, after careful observation of the research articles published by the top 10 authors as found in the study, it was found that the authors share a few common characteristics that helped them in advancing the understanding and application of waste plastic oil in reactivity-controlled compression ignition engines. These are also summarized in the present study with sup

关键词： bibliometric analysis plastic-to-fuel waste plastic oil RCCI engine Scopus database DIESEL-ENGINE CATALYTIC PYROLYSIS EMISSION CHARACTERISTICS COMBUSTION CHARACTERISTICS INJECTION PARAMETERS PERFORMANCE BLENDS IMPACT BIODIESEL PRODUCTS

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A Review on Soft Ionic Touch Point Sensors

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ENERGY & ENVIRONMENTAL MATERIALS 2024年第6期7卷 193-208页

作者： Lee, Gibeom Lee, Donghyun Im, Gwang-Bum Lee, Younghoon Gachon Univ Dept Mech Engn 1342 Seongnamdaero Seongnam 13120 South Korea Harvard Med Sch Dept Surg Boston MA 02115 USA

A touch sensor is an essential component in meeting the growing demand for human-machine interfaces. These sensors have been developed in wearable, attachable, and even implantable forms to acquire a wide range of information from humans. To be applied to the human body, sensors are required to be biocompatible and not restrict the natural movement of the body. Ionic materials are a promising candidate for soft touch sensors due to their outstanding properties, which include high stretchability, transparency, ionic conductivity, and biocompatibility. Here, this review discusses the unique features of soft ionic touch point sensors, focusing on the ionic material and its key role in the sensor. The touch sensing mech.nisms include piezocapacitive, piezoresistive, surface capacitive, piezoelectric, and triboelectric and triboresistive sensing. This review analyzes the implementation hurdles and future research directions of the soft ionic touch sensors for their transformative potential. This paper introduces the increasing importance of touch sensors in human-machine interfaces and the role of soft ionic materials in enhancing the functionality of touch sensors. It provides detailed explanations of various touch sensor mech.nisms, including piezocapacitive, piezoresistive, surface capacitive, piezoelectric, triboelectric, and triboresistive. It also discusses the challenges of minimizing humidity sensitivity, improving resilience, and suppressing unwanted electrochemical reactions, along with future directions for touch sensors. image

关键词： iontronics ionic materials soft materials touch sensors TRIBOELECTRIC NANOGENERATORS BRAIN-TISSUE TRANSPARENT HYDROGEL STRENGTH

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An integrated framework for assessing renewable-energy supply chains using multicriteria decision-making: a study on Bangladesh

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CLEAN ENERGY 2024年第3期8卷 1-19页

作者： Azad, A. M. Almas Shahriyar Oishi, Zarin Tasnim Haque, Md Ariful Das, Pronob Udoy, Sabbir Ahmed Bhuiya, Khaled Mohammad Shifullah Rajshahi Univ Engn & Technol Dept Ind & Prod Engn Rajshahi 6204 Bangladesh Rajshahi Univ Engn & Technol Dept Mech Engn Rajshahi 6204 Bangladesh

The depletion in non-renewable energy sources and a fast-growing population in Bangladesh are exacerbating the already existing energy scarcity, highlighting the need for an efficient and robust renewable-energy supply chain. The primary goal of this study is to evaluate the most optimized renewable-energy supply chain based on natural resource availability and government policies of Bangladesh. In the present study, four renewable energy resources, including solar, biomass, wind and hydropower, are studied and nine subcriteria are defined under four primary criteria for each supply chain. Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) and VIseKriterijumska Optimizacija I Kompromisno Resenje (VIKOR) are multicriteria decision-making approaches used in this study to compare and choose the best renewable-energy supply chain. The relative significance of four supply-chain criteria for primary renewable energy in this study, namely energy procurement, production, operations and maintenance costs, and social and environmental impact, is gathered via a survey. The results of this research, supported by a comprehensive sensitivity analysis, indicate that hydropower is the best renewable-energy supply chain, followed by wind as a compromise solution, biomass and solar. The study also demonstrates that no energy source can satisfy all supply-chain criteria alone; each resource is better for a specific criterion-solar is better for procurement, hydropower is significant for production and wind is remarkable for operations and social impact. Therefore, to maximize output, renewable energy sources must be integrated. From Bangladesh's perspective, for the first time, by using TOPSIS and VIKOR together, this study offers significant insights to establish an efficient and sustainable renewable-energy supply chain for practitioners, academics and policymakers. Optimized renewable-energy supply chain based on natural resource availability and government pol

关键词： renewable-energy supply chain Bangladesh multicriteria decision-making TOPSIS (Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution) VIKOR (VIseKriterijumska Optimizacija I Kompromisno Resenje) VIKOR METHOD METHODOLOGY BIOMASS AHP CHALLENGES STRATEGIES SELECTION BARRIERS SYSTEMS DESIGN

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Investigation of performance and emission characteristics using ethanol-blended gasoline fuel as a flex-fuel in two-wheeler vehicle mounted on a chassis dynamometer

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CLEAN ENERGY 2024年第3期8卷 174-193页

作者： Gupta, Sourabh Kanchan, Sumit Kaur, Rupinder Sandhu, Sarbjot Singh Lovely Profess Univ Sch Mech Engn Phagwara Punjab India Lovely Profess Univ Div Innovat & Entrepreneurship Phagwara Punjab India Dr BR Ambedkar Natl Inst Technol Dept Mech Engn Jalandhar India

This study investigated the performance and emissions of flex fuels in a 110-cc BS6-compliant fuel-injected two-wheeler without ethanol adaptation adjustments. The tests were carried out under controlled conditions on a chassis dynamometer at 1000, 2000 and 3000 r.p.m. using ethanol blends from 10% ethanol (E10) to 85% ethanol (E85). Parameters examined included brake power (BP) output, brake-specific fuel consumption (BSFC), peak in-cylinder pressure and exhaust temperature. Emissions, including carbon monoxide (CO), hydrocarbons (HC), nitrogen oxide (NOx) and unregulated emissions, were also assessed. As the percentages of the ethanol blend increased from E10 to E85, there was a noticeable improvement in power output. At 1000 r.p.m., the BP ranged from 2.4 to 4.6 kW for different blends. The BSFC and the peak in-cylinder pressure followed a similar pattern, indicating enhanced performance and fuel efficiency with higher ethanol concentrations. Interestingly, using E85 at 1000 r.p.m. resulted in a significant 41.08% reduction in exhaust temperature compared with E10, although this difference decreased with higher blend percentages. Furthermore, replacing E10 with E85 at 1000 r.p.m. reduced CO and HC emissions by 9.17% and 38.34%, respectively. In contrast, NOx emissions increased at all r.p.m. levels with higher-ethanol blends, peaking at a 415 parts per million increase at 3000 r.p.m. However, unregulated emissions decreased significantly with increased r.p.m. and ethanol content. In summary, the use of flex-fuel blends in a two-wheeler resulted in a modest increase in BP output, improved fuel efficiency and lower CO and HC emissions. These findings are vital for optimizing ethanol blend utilization in two-wheeler engines under low-load conditions, considering both performance and environmental aspects. The performance and emissions of flex fuels in a 110-cc BS6-compliant fuel-injected two-wheeler are reported under controlled conditions on a chassis dynamometer a

关键词： flex fuel ethanol regulated emissions unregulated emissions chassis dynamometer performance characteristics EXHAUST-GAS RECIRCULATION ENGINE IMPACT ENERGY METHANOL

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Simulation and experimentation of Propeller-Savonius turbine tested underwater surface

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CLEAN ENERGY 2024年第3期8卷 20-33页

作者： Wuryanti, Sri Sasono, Teguh Manunggal, Bambang P. Mursanto, Wahyu B. Sugianto Politekn Negeri Bandung Politeknik Negeri Bandung Bandung Indonesia Politekn Negeri Padang Dept Mech Engn Padang Indonesia

Indonesia's vast maritime territory offers a unique opportunity for harnessing the potential Energy of seawater currents. This study explores the effectiveness of a combined Savonius and propeller-type turbine system. The Savonius turbine, known for its efficiency in capturing ocean currents due to its large sweep area, is combined with a propeller-type turbine to enhance rotational speed and power generation. A novel approach is employed to induce turbulence and optimize energy extraction, first channeling water through the propeller turbine and then into the Savonius turbine. A comprehensive investigation is conducted through simulations and experimental tests within a controlled tunnel environment. The study explores the performance of two-bladed and three-bladed Propeller-Savonius configurations at varying inlet water velocities (0.1, 0.3, 0.6 and 1.0 m/s). The simulation incorporates a turbulence model with 5% intensity and a hydraulic diameter of 0.216 m. Results indicate that the proposed configuration achieves a maximum power output of 2.0293 W with an impressive efficiency of 63.339% in simulation. Concurrently, experimental testing yields a peak efficiency of 61.335% and turbine power of 0.3951 W. The findings demonstrate the feasibility of the combined turbine system and highlight the importance of turbulence in optimizing energy extraction from seawater currents. This research contributes valuable insights into the design and performance of hybrid turbines for harnessing oceanic Energy, emphasizing the potential for sustainable power generation in maritime regions. The methodology and results presented herein offer a foundation for further exploration and refinement of seawater current energy conversion technologies. The study combines a Savonius turbine and a propeller turbine to enhance rotational speed and power generation. CFD simulations and experiments document performance at different water velocities. The findings show that this system is promisi

关键词： hydro-turbine propeller -Savonius renewable energy water WIND TURBINE PERFORMANCE BLADES CFD RATIO

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EFFECT OF THE OPEN CRACK ON THE PULL-IN INSTABILITY OF AN ELECTROSTATICALLY ACTUATED MICRO-BEAM

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Acta mech.nica Solida Sinica 2012年第6期25卷 627-637页

作者： Asadollah Motallebi Mohammad Fathalilou Ghader Rezazadeh mech. Eng. dept. Islamic Azad University mech. Eng. dept. Urmia University

In this paper, the effects of the open crack on the static and dynamic pull-in volt- ages of an electrostatically actuated fixed-fixed and cantilever micro-beam are investigated. By presenting a mathematical modeling, the governing static and dynamic equations are solved by SSLM and Galerkin-based Reduced Order Model, respectively. Then, each single-side open crack in the micro-beam is modeled by a massless rotational spring and the cracked mode shapes and corresponding natural frequencies are calculated by considering the boundary and patching con- ditions and using transfer matrix methods. Finally, the effects of the crack dept. ratio, crack position and crack number on the pull-in voltage of the micro-beams are studied. It is shown that beside the residual stresses created in the machining process, the crack（s） can be initiated, growth and consequently change the pull-in voltage of the system by decreasing the natural frequencies. The results show that the crack position is effective beside the crack dept. ratio in decreasing the pull-in voltage. Also it is shown that in the fixed-fixed micro-beam there are several points for the crack location in which, the pull-in voltage is extremum.

关键词： MEMS open crack electrostatic pull-in instability

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Energy potential assessment and techno-economic analysis of micro hydro-photovoltaic hybrid system in Goda Warke village, Ethiopia

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CLEAN ENERGY 2024年第1期8卷 237-260页

作者： Feyissa, Ephrem Assefa Tibba, Getachew Shunki Binchebo, Tarekegn Limore Bekele, Endeshaw Alemu Kole, Adem Tibesso Bule Hora Univ Dept Mech Engn Bule Hora Ethiopia Menschen fuer Menschen Fdn Agro Tech & Technol Coll Harar Ethiopia Jimma Inst Technol Fac Mech Engn Jimma Ethiopia Silesian Tech Univ Dept Thermal Technol Gliwice Poland Jimma Agr Engn Res Ctr Oromia Agr Res Inst Jimma Ethiopia

Rural Ethiopia has significant untapped potential for hydro and solar energy generation systems. However, challenges arise from seasonal variations and unfavourable topographic positions of flowing rivers, hindering the efficient exploitation of these resources. Despite the country's abundance in hydro and solar energy resources, >75% of the population still lack access to electricity from the national grid. This work deals with energy resource potential assessment and techno-economic analysis of micro hydro-photovoltaic (PV) hybrid systems, considered in the case study of Goda Warke village, located in the Yaya Gulele district. A novel framework is proposed that utilizes the Natural Resource Soil Conservation Service curve number method to assess the energy potential of micro-hydro energy in ungauged basins, specifically at the exit point of the Girar River basin catchment. The average monthly flow rate in the basin is 0.975 m3/s, while the area exhibits a solar radiation potential of 5.39 kWh/m2/day. Energy policy promotes expanding access to modern energy sources and utilization of indigenous energy resources. Simulation results indicate that the hydro/PV/diesel generator (DG)/battery and hydro/PV/battery systems are the most optimal choices based on net present cost, with the inclusion of a DG for economic comparison. Micro-hydro energy covers most of the electric load in the area, achieving a capacity factor of 47.5%. The cost of energy and net present cost were found to be sensitive to variables such as the price of diesel fuel, pipe head loss, and the growth of the village load. The optimized system demonstrated a hydro energy potential of 1405.37 MWh/year and a PV energy output of 274.04 MWh/year, resulting in a levelized cost of energy of 0.0057 and 0.049 $/kWh for the hydro and PV components, respectively. [Graphical Abstract]

关键词： energy potential hybrid micro hydro-photovoltaic Natural Resource Soil Conservation Service curve number sensitivity variable RURAL ELECTRIFICATION SENSITIVITY-ANALYSIS POWER-GENERATION BATTERY AREA OPTIMIZATION FEASIBILITY BASINS RUNOFF

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