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Barriers to axonal regeneration after spinal cord injury:a current perspective

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Neural Regeneration Research 2022年第1期17卷 85-86页

作者： Jacek M.Kwiecien Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine Faculty of Health SciencesMcMaster UniversityHamiltonOntarioCanada

Regeneration of long axons after the spinal cord injury(SCI)will benefit patients with extensive traumatic damage to the white matter pathways who experience intolerable,permanent,neurologic deficits even after neuroprotective treatment with anti-inflammatory agents(Kwiecien,2021a).This short paper attempts to synthetize pathologic mechanisms or barriers involved in inhibition of axonal regeneration in the SCI and provides suggestions of therapeutic interventions enabling this regeneration in animal models.

关键词： protective axonal injury

A hybrid tracking control strategy for an unmanned underwater vehicle aided with bioinspired neural dynamics

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IET Cyber-Systems and Robotics 2022年第3期4卷 153-162页

作者： Zhe Xu Tao Yan Simon X.Yang S.Andrew Gadsden School of Engineering University of GuelphGuelphOntarioCanada Department of Mechanical Engineering McMaster UniversityHamiltonOntarioCanada

Tracking control has been a vital research topic in *** paper presents a novel hybrid control strategy for an unmanned underwater vehicle(UUV)based on a bio-inspired neural dynamics *** enhanced backstepping kinematic control strategy is first developed to avoid sharp velocity jumps and provides smooth velocity commands relative to conventional ***,a novel sliding mode control is proposed,which is capable of providing smooth and continuous torque commands free from *** comparative studies,the proposed combined hybrid control strategy has ensured control signal smoothness,which is critical in real‐world applications,especially for a UUV that needs to operate in complex underwater environments.

关键词： backstepping bioinspired neural dynamics sliding mode control unmanned underwater vehicle

Likelihood of hospitalization for a chronic respiratory condition following pediatric infection with enterovirus and rhinovirus strains

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Infectious Medicine 2022年第4期1卷 245-252页

作者： Charlotte Switzer Chris PVerschoor Kenneth Gavina Dominik Mertz Kathy Luinstra Jeffrey MPernica Marek Smieja Dept.of Health Methods Evaluation and ImpactMcMaster UniversityHamiltonON CANADA Dept.of Medicine McMaster UniversityHamiltonON CANADA Dept.of Pediatrics McMaster UniversityHamiltonON CANADA Dept.of Pathology and Molecular Medicine McMaster UniversityHamiltonON CANADA Research Institute of St Joseph’s Healthcare Hamilton HamiltonON CANADA Health Sciences North Research Institute SudburyON CANADA

Background:Rhino-enteroviruses,particularly enterovirus strain D68(EV-D68),have been associated with severe respiratory distress in *** goal of this study was to compare the long-term outcomes of children with EV-D68 infection to that of children with other enterovirus/***:Nasopharyngeal swabs from 174 children presenting with respiratory distress were tested by PCR for respiratory *** primary outcome was diagnosis of a chronic respiratory condition within the followup *** to intensive care,and length of stay were *** ratios were determined using multinomial logistic ***:During 5 years of follow-up,the crude odds of diagnosis with a chronic respiratory condition were significantly more likely in EV-D68 cases(OR:1.95,95%CI:1.02,3.82),but failed to remain significant after adjusting for a past history of *** admission for a primary concern of asthma,length of stay both in hospital and intensive care were significantly longer in EV-D68 cases(OR:2.10[95%CI:1.56,2.82,p<0.001])and(OR:5.18[95%CI:1.90,6.28,p<0.001]),*** adjustment for a history of asthma,EV-D68 cases had significantly longer length of stay in hospital,admitted for 1.94 days for each day that controls were admitted(95%CI:1.40,2.68).In admissions to intensive care,EV-D68 cases spent 2.74 days for each day of admission in controls(95%CI:1.62,4.97,p<0.001).Conclusions:Ours is first study to assess prognostic respiratory outcomes of patients infected with EV-D68 in *** study finds that EV-D68 cases were significantly more likely be hospitalized for longer than other enterovirus/rhinovirus controls in subsequent admissions for respiratory *** for intensive care was significantly longer in EV-D68 *** next steps will be validation in a larger sample size.

关键词： Enterovirus-D68 Pediatric infectious disease Respiratory infection Asthma

An Identity for Expectations and Characteristic Function of Matrix Variate Skew-normal Distribution with Applications to Associated Stochastic Orderings

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Communications in Mathematics and Statistics 2023年第3期11卷 629-647页

作者： Tong Pu Narayanaswamy Balakrishnan Chuancun Yin School of Statistics Qufu Normal UniversityQufu273165ShandongPeople’s Republic of China Department of Mathematics and Statistics McMaster UniversityHamiltonOntarioCanada

We establish an identity for E f(Y)-E f(X),when X and Y both have matrix variate skew-normal distributions and the function f satisﬁes some weak *** characteristic function of matrix variate skew normal distribution is then *** then make use of it to derive some necessary and sufﬁcient conditions for the comparison of matrix variate skew-normal distributions under six different orders,such as usual stochastic order,convex order,increasing convex order,upper orthant order,directionally convex order and supermodular order.

关键词： Characteristic function Integral order Matrix variate skew-normal distributions Stochastic comparisons

Elastoplastic analysis of AA7075-O aluminum sheet by hybrid micro-scale representative volume element modeling with really-distributed particles and in-situ SEM experimental testing

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Journal of Materials Science & Technology 2022年第28期123卷 201-221页

作者： Qingping Sun Shahryar Asqardoust Abhishek Sarmah Mukesh K.Jain College of Aerospace and Civil Engineering Harbin Engineering UniversityHarbin 150001China Department of Mechanical Engineering McMaster UniversityHamiltonON L8S4L7Canada

This paper addresses the challenge of reconstructing randomly distributed second-phase particlestrengthened microstructure of AA7075-O aluminum sheet material for computational *** particle characteristics in 3D space were obtained from focused ion beam and scanning electron microscopy(FIB-SEM)and SEM-based Electron Backscatter Diffraction/Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectrometry(EBSD/EDS)techniques.A theoretical framework for analysis of elastic-plastic deformation of such3D microstructures is ***-induced shear band formation,void initiation,growth and linkage at large plastic strains during uniaxial tensile loading were investigated based on reconstructed 3D representative volume element(RVE)models with real-distribution of particles and the results compared with experimental ***-situ SEM interrupted tension tests along transverse direction(TD)and rolling direction(RD),employing microscopic-digital image correlation(μ-DIC)technique,were carried out to investigate slip bands,micro-voids formation and obtain microstructural strain *** resulting local strain maps were analyzed in relation to the experimentally observed plastic flow localization,failure modes and local stress maps from simulations of RVE *** influences of particle size,shape,orientation,volume fraction as well as matrix-particle interface properties on local plastic deformation,global stress-strain/strain-hardening curves and interfacial failure mechanisms were studied based on 3D RVE *** possible,the model results were compared with in-situ tensile test *** general,good agreement was observed,indicating that the real 3D microstructure-based RVE models can accurately predict the plastic deformation and interfacial failure evolution in AA7075-O aluminum sheet.

关键词： Representative volume element AA7075-O aluminum sheet In-situ SEM Microscopic-digital image correlation(μ-DIC) Elastoplastic behavior

Experimental Evidence for Coverage Preferences in Flood Insurance

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International Journal of Disaster Risk Science 2022年第2期13卷 178-189页

作者： J.Connor Darlington Niko Yiannakoulias School of Earth.Environment and Society McMaster UniversityHamilton.ON L8S 4K1Canada

We used a hypothetical choice experiment to estimate the effect of dwelling value and coverage limits on the probability of purchasing flood insurance while holding the probability of flooding and insurance price constant. The results indicate that demand for flood insurance is negatively associated with the amount of insurance coverage. For people assigned higher-valued dwellings, however, the opposite effect is observed. Since more coverage is generally preferred to less, all else being equal, differences in purchase probability dependent on dwelling value indicate an inconsistent approach to home protection. The higher probability of purchasing flood insurance from people in higher-valued dwellings may indicate an investment into the home as a financial asset, a strategy that is not observed to the same extent among people in lower-valued dwellings. This suggests that use of coverage limits may be differentially preferred based on dwelling value, such that low coverage insurance may have lower uptake for those in high-valued dwellings. As Canada evaluates a national flood insurance program, this research suggests that variable coverage maximums could be a way to increase accessibility and uptake of *** research shows an inconsistent demand for flood insurance, dependent on dwelling value and independent of income.

关键词： Canada Flood insurance Insurance choice experiment Willingness-to-buy

Trustworthy evidence- based versus untrustworthy guidelines: detecting the difference

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Family Medicine and Community Health 2023年第4期11卷 85-90页

作者： João Pedro Lima Wimonchat Tangamornsuksan Gordon H Guyatt Department of Health Research Methods Evidenceand ImpactMcMaster UniversityHamiltonOntarioCanada

Guidelines are essential tools in healthcare *** guidelines inform clinicians not only on the direction(against or in favour)and strength(strong or weak/conditional)of recommendations but also on the certainty of the underlying *** trustworthy guidelines requires panellists with clinical and methodological expertise who consider patients’values and *** to trustworthiness standards remains variable;clinicians should,therefore,be able to distinguish trustworthy from untrustworthy *** this paper,we offer eight domains of disparities between trustworthy evidence-based guidelines and less trustworthy guidelines.

关键词： worthy trust lists

Assessing global fungal threats to humans

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mLife 2022年第3期1卷 223-240页

作者： Jianping Xu Department of Biology and Institute of Infectious Diseases Research McMaster UniversityHamiltonOntarioCanada

Fungi are an integral part of the earth's *** are broadly distributed in all continents and ecosystems and play a diversity of ***,I review our current understanding of fungal threats to humans and describe the major factors that contribute to various *** the 140,000 or so known species out of the estimated six million fungal species on Earth,about 10%directly or indirectly threaten human health and *** threats include mushroom poisoning,fungal allergies,infections of crop plants,food contamination by mycotoxins,and mycoses in humans.A growing number of factors have been identified to impact various fungal threats,including human demographics,crop distributions,anthropogenic activities,pathogen dispersals,global climate change,and/or the applications of antifungal drugs and agricultural ***,while models have been developed for analyzing various processes of individual threats and threat managements,current data are primarily descriptive and incomplete,and there are significant obstacles to integration of the diverse factors into accurate quantitative assessments of fungal *** increasing technological advances and concerted efforts to track the spatial and temporal data on climate and environmental variables;mycotoxins in the feed and food supply chains;fungal population dynamics in crop fields,human and animal populations,and the environment;human population demographics;and the prevalence and severities of fungal allergies and diseases,our ability to accurately assess fungal threats will *** improvements should help us develop holistic strategies to manage fungal threats in the future.

关键词： food contamination by mycotoxins fungal allergy fungal phytopathogens human fungal diseases mushroom poisoning

Remote hyperinflammation drives neurological disease via T-cell-mediated innate-like cytotoxicity

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Cellular & Molecular Immunology 2021年第7期18卷 1638-1640页

作者： Elizabeth Balint Ali A.Ashkar Department of Medicine McMaster Immunology Research CentreMcMaster UniversityHamiltonONCanada

Inflammation is critical for the induction of immune responses to pathogens and other foreign ***,excessive local and systemic inflammation can have dire consequences beyond the original site of inflammation.A link between peripheral inflammation and neuropathology has been suggested for many diseases,including influenza infection,liver cirrhosis,and irritable bowel syndrome.1,2,3 Arguably,the vast majority of inflammatory diseases have been associated with deleterious neurological ***,immunotherapies,such as CAR T-cell treatment,are known for their high risk of cytokine release syndrome and associated ***,the mechanism behind this phenomenon of inflammation-induced neuropathology remains largely *** evidence from animal models that accurately depict this phenomenon is limited;these models will be essential to uncover the role of peripheral inflammation in neurological complications of *** to fill this gap in understanding,Zhou et *** critical evidence linking lymphocytes from the inflamed gut to neurological sequelae in infants with necrotizing enterocolitis(NEC).4 These results pave the way to understanding how peripheral inflammation can adversely enhance immune activation and result in downstream neurological disease.

关键词： inflammation neurological diseases