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Using fracture-based continuum modeling of coupled geomechanical-hydrological processes for numerical simulation of hydraulic fracturing

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Journal of Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering 2024年第5期16卷 1582-1599页

作者： Goodluck I.Ofoegbu GNO Modeling Research llc. San AntonioTX78253USA

This paper describes numerical simulation of hydraulic fracturing using fracture-based continuum modeling(FBCM)of coupled geomechanical-hydrological processes to evaluate a technique for high-density fracturing and fracture *** simulations are innovative because of modeling discrete fractures explicitly in continuum analysis.A key advantage of FBCM is that fracture initiation and propagation are modeled explicitly without changing the domain grid(*** re-meshing).Further,multiple realizations of a preexisting fracture distribution can be analyzed using the same domain *** simulated hydraulic fracturing technique consists of pressurizing multiple wells simultaneously:initially without permeating fluids into the rock,to seed fractures uniformly and at high density in the wall rock of the wells;followed by fluid injection to propagate the seeded fracture density *** combines the ease of continuum modeling with the potential accuracy of modeling discrete fractures and fracturing *** are modeled as piecewise planar based on intersections with domain elements;fracture geometry stored as continuum properties is used to calculate parameters needed to model individual fractures;and rock behavior is modeled through tensorial aggregation of the behavior of discrete fractures and unfractured *** are presented for previously unfractured rock and for rock with preexisting fractures of horizontal,shallow-dipping,steeply dipping,or vertical *** of a single-well model are used to determine the pattern and spacing for a multiple-well *** results illustrate high-density fracturing and fracture caging through simultaneous fluid injection in multiple wells:for previously unfractured rock or rock with preexisting shallow-dipping or horizontal fractures,and in situ vertical compressive stress greater than *** preexisting fractures are steeply dipping or vertical,and considering the same in situ

关键词： Discrete fracture Fracture-based continuum modeling Fracture caging High-density fracturing Hydraulic fracturing Preexisting fracture

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Sustainability in Data and Food

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Data Intelligence 2019年第1期1卷 43-57页

作者： Dean Allemang Working Ontologist LLC.55 W Livingston AvenueColumbusOH 43215USA

As the world population continues to increase,world food production is not keeping *** means that to continue to feed the world,we will need to optimize the production and utilization of food around the *** of a process on a global scale requires massive *** is no exception,but also brings its own unique issues,based on how wide spread agricultural data are,and the wide variety of data that is relevant to optimization of food production and *** suggests that we need a global data ecosystem for agriculture and *** an ecosystem already exists to some extent,made up of data sets,metadata sets and even search engines that help to locate and utilize data sets.A key concept behind this is sustainability-how do we sustain our data sets,so that we can sustain our production and distribution of food?In order to make this vision a reality,we need to navigate the challenges for sustainable data management on a global *** from the current state of practice,how do we move forward to a practice in which we make use of global data to have an impact on world hunger?In particular,how do we find,collect and manage the data?How can this be effectively deployed to improve practice in the field?And how can we make sure that these practices are leading to the global goals of improving production,distribution and sustainability of the global food supply?These questions cannot be answered yet,but they are the focus of ongoing and future research to be published in this journal and elsewhere.

关键词： Agriculture Data science Data sharing Sustainability Vocabulary management

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Three-dimensional distinct element modeling of fault reactivation and induced seismicity due to hydraulic fracturing injection and backflow

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Journal of Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering 2020年第4期12卷 752-767页

作者： Zirui Yin Hongwei Huang Fengshou Zhang Lianyang Zhang Shawn Maxwell Key Laboratory of Geotechnical and Underground Engineering of Ministry of Education Tongji UniversityShanghai200092China Department of Geotechnical Engineering College of Civil EngineeringTongji UniversityShanghai200092China Department of Civil and Architectural Engineering and Mechanics University of ArizonaTucsonAZ85721USA maxseis llc. CalgaryAlbertaT2P 3N9Canada

This paper presents a three-dimensional fully hydro-mechanical coupled distinct element study on fault reactivation and induced seismicity due to hydraulic fracturing injection and subsequent backflow process,based on the geological data in Horn River Basin,Northeast British Columbia,*** modeling results indicate that the maximum magnitude of seismic events appears at the fracturing *** increment of fluid volume in the fault determines the cumulative moment and maximum fault slippage,both of which are essentially proportional to the fluid *** backflow starts,the fluid near the joint intersection keeps flowing into the critically stressed fault,rather than backflows to the *** fault slippage is affected by the changes of both pore pressure and ambient rock stress,their contributions are different at fracturing and backflow *** fracturing stage,pore pressure change shows a dominant effect on induced fault *** at backflow stage,because the fault plane is under a critical stress state,any minor disturbance would trigger a fault *** energy analysis indicates that aseismic deformation takes up a majority of the total deformation energy during hydraulic fracturing.A common regularity is found in both fracturing-and backflow-induced seismicity that the cumulative moment and maximum fault slippage are nearly proportional to the injected fluid *** study shows some novel insights into interpreting fracturing-and backflowinduced seismicity,and provides useful information for controlling and mitigating seismic hazards due to hydraulic fracturing.

关键词： Induced seismicity Fault reactivation Hydraulic fracturing Backflow Geomechanical modeling Distinct element method

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Petroleum system analysis-conjoined 3D-static reservoir modeling in a 3-way and 4-way dip closure setting: Insights into petroleum geology of fluvio-marine deposits at BED-2 Field (Western Desert, Egypt)

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Petroleum 2023年第1期9卷 8-32页

作者： Mohammad A.Abdelwahhab Emad H.Ali Nabil A.Abdelhafez Geology Department Faculty of ScienceAl-Azhar UniversityNasr CityCairo11884Egypt Oman Sea PetroServices llc. Oman

Imperfect determination of petroleum system processes coincidence,entrapment and charge timing,along with reservoir heterogeneity can considerably cause high risks throughout exploration and development phases of ***,a complete subsurface visualization of the petroleum system nature,elements and processes,is badly *** this end,we corroborated,in this study,static reservoir modeling with petroleum system analysis workflows,to better characterize the Cenomanian fluvio-marine reservoir,sandstones of Bahariya Formation,at Bed-2 Field,Abu Gharadig Basin(Western Desert,Egypt).We used dataset of 2D seismic profiles and well logs of eight *** geometry and property of the reservoir were acquired performing static reservoir geocellular modeling *** geohistory,timing of charge,migration pathways,and accumulation sites were identified performing 1D and 2D basin modeling *** both approaches was aimed at identifying new petroleum prospect areas,and estimating the hydrocarbon volumes,that are the need for such poorly-defined petroleum systems *** indicated by the constructed,robust,reservoir and 1D-2D basin models,an additional hydrocarbon prospect,to the north central part of Bed-2 Field,is proposed to be drilled during the further oilfield development phases of the *** prospect has all features that adequately lead to reliable inferences regarding the ultimate petroleum potential of the area.

关键词： Petroleum system analysis 3D-static reservoir modeling Volumetric assessment Prospect identification Bahariya Formation Western Desert of Egypt

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Android IoT Lifelog System and Its Application to Motion Inference

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Computer Systems Science & Engineering 2023年第6期45卷 2989-3003页

作者： Munkhtsetseg Jeongwook Seo Next Social Platform llc. Ulaanbaatar15150Mongolia Department of IT Transmedia Contents Hanshin UniversityOsan-si18101Korea

In social science,health care,digital therapeutics,etc.,smartphone data have played important roles to infer users’daily ***,smartphone data col-lection systems could not be used effectively and widely because they did not exploit any Internet of Things(IoT)standards(e.g.,oneM2M)and class labeling methods for machine learning(ML)***,in this paper,we propose a novel Android IoT lifelog system complying with oneM2M standards to collect various lifelog data in smartphones and provide two manual and automated class labeling methods for inference of users’daily *** proposed system consists of an Android IoT client application,an oneM2M-compliant IoT server,and an ML server whose high-level functional architecture was carefully designed to be open,accessible,and internation-ally recognized in accordance with the oneM2M *** particular,we explain implementation details of activity diagrams for the Android IoT client application,the primary component of the proposed *** results verified that this application could work with the oneM2M-compliant IoT server normally and provide corresponding class labels *** an application of the proposed system,we also propose motion inference based on three multi-class ML classifiers(i.e.,k nearest neighbors,Naive Bayes,and support vector machine)which were created by using only motion and location data(i.e.,acceleration force,gyroscope rate of rotation,and speed)and motion class labels(i.e.,driving,cycling,running,walking,and stil-ling).When compared with confusion matrices of the ML classifiers,the k nearest neighbors classifier outperformed the other two ***,we evaluated its output quality by analyzing the receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curves with area under the curve(AUC)*** AUC values of the ROC curves for all motion classes were more than 0.9,and the macro-average and micro-average ROC curves achieved very high AUC values of 0.96 and 0.99,res

关键词： Android Internet of Things lifelog motion inference oneM2M

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Superhydrophobic Surfaces Produced by Applying a Self- Assembled Monolayer to Silicon Micro/Nano-Textured Surfaces

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Nano Research 2009年第2期2卷 143-150页

作者： Yong Song Rahul Premachandran Nair Min Zou Yongqiang Wang Department of Mechanical Engineering University of ArkansasFayettevilleAR 72701USA Ocean NanoTech LLC.2143 Worth LaneSpringdaleAR 72764USA

A novel way of producing superhydrophobic surfaces by applying a self-assembled monolayer(SAM)to silicon micro/nano-textured surfaces is presented in this *** micro/nano-textured surfaces on silicon substrates were generated by the aluminum-induced crystallization(AIC)of amorphous silicon(a-Si)***(OTS)SAMs were then applied to the textured surfaces by dip *** topography and wetting properties of the resulting surfaces were characterized using scanning electron microscopy(SEM)and a video-based contact angle measurement *** results show that by introducing OTS SAMs on the silicon micro/nano-textured surfaces,superhydrophobic surfaces with water contact angles(WCAs)of 155°were obtained,as compared to the WCAs of OTS-modified smooth silicon surfaces of about 112°.Surface topography was found to directly influence the WCA as predicted by the Cassie-Baxter model.

关键词： Superhydrophobic wetting property micro/nano-textured surfaces octadecyltrichlorosilane self-assembled monolayer aluminum-induced crystallization of amorphous silicon

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Association of Serum Ferritin Levels and Thyroid Hormones

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Open Journal of Clinical Diagnostics 2023年第3期13卷 68-79页

作者： Hari Krishnan Krishnamurthy Swarnkumar Reddy Vasanth Jayaraman Karthik Krishna Qi Song Karenah E. Rajasekaran Tianhao Wang Kang Bei John J. Rajasekaran Vibrant Sciences llc. San Carlos USA Vibrant America llc. San Carlos USA

Thyroid metabolism is orchestrated by the action of various minerals and trace elements including iron, iodine, selenium, and zinc. Iron deficiency, specifically deficiency in serum ferritin levels, is one of the common causes of thyroid dysfunction. Our objective was to evaluate the relationship between serum ferritin levels and circulating thyroid hormones. For this, a retrospective analysis was performed on 16,512 individuals who tested for serum levels of ferritin and thyroid profile at Vibrant America Clinical Laboratories. Subjects were stratified based on the serum levels of ferritin. Age (p −0.03232, p < 0.0001). Analysis of Linear association by Pearson’s correlation exhibited a considerable correlation between varying serum ferritin levels with all tested thyroid hormones. The study concludes that serum ferritin levels were associated with thyroid hormone synthesis and metabolism in individuals with optimal levels of circulating ferritin.

关键词： Ferritin Thyroxine Free Triiodothyronine Free Thyroxine Thyroid Stimulating Hormone

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A CFD study on the hydrodynamic response of a small-scale ice floe induced by a passing ship

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Journal of Hydrodynamics 2024年第2期36卷 290-299页

作者： Zongyu Jiang Spyros Hirdaris Sasan Tavakoli Mikko Suominen Pentti Kujala Marine and Arctic Technology Department of Mechanical EngineeringAalto UniversityEspooFinland Global Ship Systems Centre ABS Hellenic SM LLC.AthensGreece Department of Infrastructure Engineering The University of MelbourneMelbourneAustralia

A Reynolds averaged Navier-Stokes(RANS)computational fluid dynamics(CFD)model is built to investigate the hydrodynamic response of a circular ice floe under the influence of a passing ship in calm *** ship,mirroring the KRISO Container Ship’s hull design,progresses near an ice floe whose diameter is 30%of the ship’s length and its thickness is 3 *** ship advances at a constant speed,which is handled by using the overset mesh *** study focuses on the ice floe’s motions and the hydrodynamic forces induced by three speeds and three transverse distances of the passing *** reveal that ship-generated wakes notably influence the ice floe’s motions,with a greater influence on sway than ***,the ship’s speed and proximity distinctly affect the ice floe’s motions.

关键词： Hydrodynamics ship-ice interactions ice floe Reynolds averaged Navier-Stokes(RANS)computational fluid dynamics(CFD)

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The Association between Methylenetetrahydrofolate Reductase (MTHFR) Mutations and Serum Biomarkers of Cardiac Health

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Open Journal of Preventive Medicine 2023年第4期13卷 87-107页

作者： Hari Krishnan Krishnamurthy Uma Maheshwari Balaguru Michelle Pereira Chithra Suresh Vasanth Jayaraman Karthik Krishna Qi Song Tianhao Wang Kang Bei John J. Rajasekaran Vibrant Sciences llc. San Carlos CA USA Vibrant America llc. San Carlos CA USA

Background: Homocysteine (tHcy) has emerged as a new risk factor for cardiovascular diseases (CVD) The Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) polymorphisms are seen to give rise to high levels of tHcy which can be a causative factor in the progression of CVD due to its thrombogenic effect. Serum cardiac biomarkers help in the diagnosis, prognosis, or surveillance of CVD. The present study evaluated the association of the two MTHFR mutations, rs1801133 and rs1801131 with 16 well-established serum cardiac markers. Additionally, the influence of age and gender on the association of the two MTHFR polymorphisms with serum cardiac marker levels was also investigated. Methods: The study was carried out on 1295 individuals who visited Vibrant America Clinical Lab for regular or suspected CVD check-ups. The serological markers and genomic variant analysis were carried out as per the standard laboratory protocol under CLIA. The association between serological markers and the rs1801133 and rs1801131 genetic variants with respect to age and gender was evaluated using a one-way ANNOVA test. Results: No significant association was observed in tHcy levels with respect to gender, however, plasma total tHcy levels were higher in males than females. tHcy levels increased with increasing age in the wild and heterozygous genotypes for the mutations, rs1801133 and rs1801131. Additionally, the serum cardiac markers, High Density Lipoprotein (HDL), Low Density Lipoprotein (LDL), Cholesterol (CHOL), Apolipoprotein A (APOA), Apolipoprotein B (APOB), N-terminal (NT)-pro hormone BNP (BNPNT), LDL calculated (LDLCAL), Small Density Low Density Lipoprotein (SDLDL), APOBAR, Oxidised Low Density Lipoprotein (OXLDL), Lipoprotein (A) (LPA), Triglycerides (TRIG), and Lipoprotein-Associated Phospholipase (Lp-PLA2) Test (PLAC) showed significant associations with respect to gender and age for rs1801133 and rs1801131 (P Conclusions: The present study reports the association of tHcy, HDL, LDL, CHOL,

关键词： Homocysteine MTHFR Cardiac Markers

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Microfluidic QCM enables ultrahigh Q-factor:a new paradigm for in-liquid gravimetric sensing

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Microsystems & Nanoengineering 2024年第4期10卷 377-389页

作者： Yicheng Zhao Zehra Parlak Wenjun Yu Daniel French Wilkins Aquino Stefan Zauscher Thomas Lord Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science Duke UniversityDurhamNCUSA Qatch Technologies LLC.DurhamNCUSA Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering Duke UniversityDurhamNCUSA

Acoustic gravimetric biosensors attract attention due to their simplicity,robustness,and low ***,a prevailing challenge in these sensors is dissipation which manifests in a low quality factor(Q-factor),which limits their sensitivity and *** mitigate dissipation of acoustic sensors in liquid environments we introduce an innovative approach in which we combine microfluidic channels with gravimetric *** implement this novel paradigm we chose the quartz crystal microbalance(QCM)as our model system,owing to its wide applicability in biosensing and the relevance of its operating principles to other types of acoustic *** postulate that the crucial determinant for enhancing performance lies in the ratio between the width of the microfluidic channels and the wavelength of the pressure wave generated by the oscillating channel side walls driven by the *** hypothesis is supported by finite element analysis(FEA)and dimensional studies,which revealed two key factors that affect device performance:(1)the ratio of the channel width to the pressure wavelength(W=λp)and(2)the ratio of the channel height to the shear evanescent wavelength(H=λs).To validate our hypothesis,we fabricated a microfluidic QCM(μ-QCM)and demonstrated a remarkable 10-fold improvement in its dissipation when compared to conventional *** novel microfluidic approach offers several additional advantages,such as direct data interpretation,reduced volume requirement for sample liquids,and simplified temperature control,augmenting the sensor’s overall *** fostering increased sensitivity,accuracy,and ease of operation,our novel paradigm unlocks new possibilities for advancing gravimetric technologies,potentially for biosensing applications.

关键词： QCM enable hypothesis

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