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Constraints on holographic QCD phase transitions from PTA observations

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Science China(Physics,Mechanics & Astronomy) 2025年第1期Mechanics & Astronomy) .卷 71-78页

作者： Song He Li Li Sai Wang Shao-Jiang Wang Center for Theoretical Physics and College of Physics Jilin University School of Physical Science and Technology Ningbo University max planck Institute for Gravitational Physics (Albert Einstein Institute) CAS Key Laboratory of Theoretical Physics Institute of Theoretical Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences School of Fundamental Physics and Mathematical Sciences Hangzhou Institute for Advanced StudyUniversity of Chinese Academy of Sciences (UCAS) School of Physical Sciences University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (UCAS) Theoretical Physics Division Institute of High Energy Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences

The underlying physics of QCD phase transition in the early Universe remains largely unknown due to its strong-coupling nature during the quark-gluon plasma/hadron gas transition, yet a holographic model has been proposed to quantitatively fit the lattice QCD data while with its duration of the first-order phase transition(FoPT) left undetermined. At specific baryon chemical potential, the first-order QCD phase transition agrees with the observational constraint of baryon asymmetry. It, therefore, provides a scenario for phase transition gravitational waves(GWs) within the standard model of particle physics. If these background GWs could contribute dominantly to the recently claimed common-spectrum red noise from pulsar timing array(PTA) observations, the duration of this FoPT can be well constrained, and the associated primordial black holes are still allowed by current observations.

关键词： pulsar timing array QCD phase transition gravitational waves primordial black holes

A 'hot' oil sorbent for fast cleanup of viscous crude-oil spills

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National Science Review 2018年第4期5卷 445-446页

作者： Markus Antonietti max planck Institute for Colloids and Interfaces

In 2010,the Gulf of Mexico oil spill created the largest environmental ocean accident in *** estimated number of 4.9 million barrels of crude oil were released into the ocean and brought severe damage to the marine ecosystems and fishing,and threatened the health of *** oil cleanup technologies,including skimmers,dispersants and controlled burning,were used to treat the

关键词： hot oil sorbent for fast cleanup of viscous crude-oil spills

TEXTURE AND CRYSTALLINITY EVOLUTION IN ISOTACTIC POLYPROPYLENE INDUCED BY ROLLING AND THEIR INFLUENCE ON MECHANICAL PROPERTIES

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Chinese Journal of Polymer Science 2006年第4期24卷 403-411页

作者： Dierk Raabe 贾涓 max-planck-Institut für Eisenforschung max-planck-Str.1 Düsseldorf 40237Germany Department of Materials University of Science and Technology Beijing Beijing 100083 China Max-Planck-Institutfiir Eisenforschung Max-Planck-Str. 1 Dusseldorf 40237 Germany

The orientation and crystallinity evolution of isotactic polypropylene （iPP） induced by rolling were studied using wide angle X-ray scattering with an area detector. The tensile mechanical properties of rolled isotactic polypropylene sheets were also measured in this work. The texture component method was used to analyze the rolling texture. The rolling texture consists mainly of （010）[001], （130）[001] and [001]//RD fiber components in the sample with a rolling true strain of 1.5. The results reveal that crystallinity drastically decreases during rolling. It is suggested that amorphization is a deformation mechanism which takes place as an alternative to crystallographic intralamellar slip depending on the orientation of the lamellae. Both the orientation and crystallinity affect the tensile mechanical properties of rolled polypropylene. Crystallinity influences the elastic modulus on both directions and yield strength on transverse direction at the first stage of deformation. Orientation is the main reason for the changes of mechanical properties, especially at the latter part of deformation. The changes of both tensile strength and elongation percentage on rolling direction are larger than those on transverse direction, which results from the orientation. At last, the anisotropic mechanical properties occur on the rolling and transverse direction： high tensile strength with low elongation percentage on rolling direction and low tensile strength with high elongation percentage on transverse direction.

关键词： Isotactic polypropylene (iPP) Texture Crystallinity Orientation Mechanical properties.

PET imaging in ischemic cerebrovascular disease:current status and future directions

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Neuroscience Bulletin 2014年第5期30卷 713-732页

作者： Wolf-Dieter Heiss max planck Institute for Neurological Research

Cerebrovascular diseases are caused by interruption or significant impairment of the blood supply to the brain, which leads to a cascade of metabolic and molecular alterations resulting in functional disturbance and morphological damage. These pathophysiological changes can be assessed by positron emission tomography （PET）, which permits the regional measurement of physiological parameters and imaging of the distribution of molecular markers. PET has broadened our understanding of the flow and metabolic thresholds critical for the maintenance of brain function and morphology： in this application, PET has been essential in the transfer of the concept of the penumbra （tissue with perfusion below the functional threshold but above the threshold for the preservation of morphology） to clinical stroke and thereby has had great impact on developing treatment strategies. Radioligands for receptors can be used as early markers of irreversible neuronal damage and thereby can predict the size of the final infarcts; this is also important for decisions concerning invasive therapy in large （＂malignant＂） infarctions. With PET investigations, the reserve capacity of blood supply to the brain can be tested in obstructive arteriosclerosis of the supplying arteries, and this again is essential for planning interventions. The effect of a stroke on the surrounding and contralateral primarily unaffected tissue can be investigated, and these results help to understand the symptoms caused by disturbances in functional networks. Chronic cerebrovascular disease causes vascular cognitive disorders, including vascular dementia. PET permits the detection of the metabolic disturbances responsible for cognitive impairment and dementia, and can differentiate vascular dementia from degenerative diseases. It may also help to understand the importance of neuroinflammation after stroke and its interaction with amyloid deposition in the development of dementia. Although the clinical application of PET

关键词： stroke dementia PET brain metabolism brain ischemia

Lorentz Generators for the maxwell Field and Gauge Fixing

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Communications in Theoretical Physics 2019年第4期71卷 403-409页

作者： V.Debierre max planck Institue for Nuclear Physics

We propose a direct derivation of the Lorentz generators for the four-potential of electrodynamics on the basis of Wigner's theorem. The derivation relies on a study of the behaviour of polarisation vectors under k-space differentiation. The Coulomb and Lorenz gauges are discussed in that respect, and gauge invariance under Poincare′transformations is examined. The Poincar′e generators given by Bia lynicki-Birula and Bia lynicka-Birula are found to correspond to the Coulomb gauge case.

关键词： vector potential Lorentz generators polarisation vectors gauge condition

The co-orbital restricted three-body problem and its application

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Science China(Physics,Mechanics & Astronomy) 2010年第1期53卷 171-178页

作者： Gerhard HEINZEL Albrecht RDIGER max planck Institute for Gravitational Physics

Based on large quantities of co-orbital phenomena in the motion of natural bodies and spacecraft, a model of the co-orbital restricted three-body problem is put forward. The fundamental results for the planar co-orbital circular restricted three-body problem are given, which include the selection of variables and equations of motion, a set of approximation formulas, and an approximate semi-analytical solution. They are applied to the motion of the barycenter of the planned gravitational observatory LISA constellation, which agrees very well with the solution of precise numerical integration.

关键词： co-orbital restricted three-body problem LISA

Models and observations of sunspot penumbrae

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Science China(Physics,Mechanics & Astronomy) 2009年第11期52卷 1670-1677页

作者： BORRERO Juan Manuel max planck Institut fr Sonnensystemforschung Max Planck Strasse 2 D 37191 Katlenburg-Lindau Germany

The mysteries of sunspot penumbrae have been under an intense scrutiny for the past 10 years. During this time, some models have been proposed and refuted, while the surviving ones had to be modified, adapted and evolved to explain the ever-increasing array of observational constraints. In this contribution I will review two of the present models, emphasizing their contributions to this field, but also pinpointing some of their inadequacies to explain a number of recent observations at very high spatial resolution (0.32 ). To help explaining these new observations I propose some modifications to each of those models. These modifications bring those two seemingly opposite models closer together into a general picture that agrees well with recent 3D magneto-hydrodynamic simulations.

关键词： sunspots magnetic fields spectropolarimetry magnetohydrodynamics

Tracking moving magnetic features in the photosphere

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Science China(Physics,Mechanics & Astronomy) 2009年第11期52卷 1737-1748页

作者： BCHNER Jrg max-planck-Institut fr Sonnensystemforschung

This research aims for an objective identification, tracking, and a statistical analysis of the Moving Magnetic Features (MMFs) around sunspots using SOHO/MDI high-resolution magnetograms. To this end, we develop a computerized tracking program and study the motion and magnetism of the outflows of MMFs around 26 sunspots. Our method locates 4-27 MMFs per hour, with higher counts for large sunspots. We differentiate MMFs into type α that have a polarity opposite to the parent sunspots, and type β that share the sunspot's polarity. These sunspots' MMF subsets exhibit a wide range of central tendencies which have distinctive correlations with the sunspots. In general, α-MMFs emerge farther from the sunspot, carry less flux, and move faster than β-MMFs. The typical α/β-MMFs emerge at 2.2 - 8.1/0.1 - 3.2 Mm outside the penumbra limb, with lifetimes of 1.1 - 3.1/1.3 - 2.0 h. They are 1.1 - 6.6/1.4 - 3.6 Mm2 in area and carry 1.4 - 12.5/4.8 - 11.4 ×1018 Mx of flux. They travel a distance of 2.7 - 5.9/2.8 - 3.6 Mm with the speed of 0.5 - 0.9/0.4 - 0.7 km/s. Compared to the α-MMFs produced by large sunspots, those of small spots are smaller. They emerge closer to sunspot, move farther, live longer, and carry less flux. β-MMFs show much less correlation with the sunspots. The flux outflow carried by the MMFs ranges from 0.2 to 8.3 × 1019Mx· h-1 and does not show obvious correlation with the sunspots' evolution. The frequency distributions of the MMFs' distance traveled, area, and flux are exponential. This suggests the existence of numerous small, weak, and short-timescale magnetic objects which might contribute to the sunspot flux outflow.

关键词： sun activity magnetic fields photosphere sunspots moat moving magnetic features

Development of Powerful RF Plasma Sources for Present and Future NBI Systems

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Plasma Science and Technology 2004年第1期6卷 2135-2140页

作者： E.Speth NBI-Team max-planck-Institut fiir Plasmaphysik 85748 Garching Germany EURATOM-AssociationMax-Planck-Institut fiir Plasmaphysik 85748 Garching Germany EURATOM-Association

This paper deals with the topic of RF plasma sources and their application inhigh-power neutral beam heating systems for nuclear fusion devices. RF sources represent aninteresting alternative to the conventional arc discharge sources. Due to the absence of hotfilaments they exhibit an inherent simplicity both in mechanical and electrical aspects andconsequently offer advantages in terms of cost savings, gain in availability and reliability andreduced maintenance. This renders the RF plasma source attractive for any long pulse (> 10 sec) NBIsystem and in particular for the ITER NBI system. The latter, however, requires that the RF plasmasource is also capable of delivering negative rather than positive hydrogen ions. In the first partof the paper the types, characteristics and operation experience of RF plasma sources for positiveions in operation are described. The second part is devoted to the development for ITER NBI: thebasic requirements, physics and technology issues and the present status are discussed.

关键词： neutral beam injection negative ions RF plasma source