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Temperature and structure measurements of heavy-ion-heated diamond using in situ X-ray diagnostics

Matter and Radiation at Extremes 2024年第4期9卷 80-89页

作者： J.Lutgert P.Hesselbach M.Schorner V.Bagnoud R.Belikov P.Drechsel B.Heuser O.SHumphries P.Katrik B.Lindqvist C.Qu R.Redmer D.Riley G.Schaumann S.Schumacher A.Tauschwitz D.Varentsov K.Weyrich X.Yu B.Zielbauer Zs.Major P.Neumayer D.Kraus institut fur Physik Universitat RostockAlbert-Einstein-Str.2318059 RostockGermany GSI Helmholtzzentrum fur Schwerionenforschung Planckstr.164291 DarmstadtGermany institut für Angewandte Physik Goethe-Universität Frankfurt am MainMax-von-Laue-Str.160438 Frankfurt am MainGermany institut fur Geowissenschaften Goethe-Universitat Frankfurt am MainAltenhoferallee 160438 Frankfurt am MainGermany Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf Bautzner Landstr.40001328 DresdenGermany European XFEL gmbh Holzkoppel 422869 SchenefeldGermany Centre for Plasma Physics School of Mathematics and PhysicsQueen’s University BelfastUniversity RoadBelfast BT71NNUnited Kingdom institut für Kernphysik Technische Universität DarmstadtSchlossgartenstr.964289 DarmstadtGermany State Key Laboratory of Nuclear Physics and Technology Institute of Heavy Ion PhysicsPeking UniversityBeijing 100871China Helmholtz institut Jena Frobelstieg 307743 JenaGermany

We present in situ measurements of spectrally resolved X-ray scattering and X-ray diffraction from monocrystalline diamond samples heatedwith an intense pulse of heavy *** this way,we determine the samples’heating dynamics and their microscopic and macroscopic structuralintegrity over a timespan of several *** the ratio of elastic to inelastic scattering with state-of-the-art density functionaltheory molecular dynamics simulations allows the inference of average temperatures around 1300 K,in agreement with predictions fromstopping power *** simultaneous diffraction measurements show no hints of any volumetric graphitization of the material,butdo indicate the onset of fracture in the diamond *** experiments pave the way for future studies at the Facility for Antiproton andIon Research,where a substantially increased intensity of the heavy ion beam will be available.

关键词： heated intense structure

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CREEP DEFORMATION OF INTERMETALLIC ALLOYS

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Acta Metallurgica Sinica(English Letters) 1995年第Z1期8卷 431-440页

作者： Gerhard Sauthoff(max-planck-institut fur Eisenforschung gmbh., D-40074 Dusseldorf,Germany) max-planck-institut fur Eisenforschung GmbH Dusseldorf Germany

Intermetallics for structural applications at high temperatures must show a sufficient high temperature strength which is controlled by creep processes. In the first section the creep behaviour of single-phase intermetallic alloys is overviewed with respect to stress and temperature dependence and effects of composition and microstructure. It is shown in particular that creep deformation is controlled by diffusion. The second section refers to multiphase intermetallic alloys, and both particulate and non-particulate alloys are regarded. Data are presented for single-phase and multiphase alloys based on B2 phases and lesscommon phases and the consequences of diffusion control for alloy design are discussed.

关键词： creep B2 phases NiAl particulate alloys,multiphase alloys

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p-wave resonances in the exponential cosine screened Coulomb potential

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Communications in Theoretical Physics 2024年第7期76卷 105-113页

作者： Yuan-Cheng Wang Li Guang Jiao Aihua Liu Yew Kam Ho Stephan Fritzsche College of Physical Science and Technology Shenyang Normal UniversityShenyang 110034China College of Physics Jilin UniversityChangchun 130012China Helmholtz-institut Jena D-07743 JenaGermany GSI Helmholtzzentrum fur Schwerionenforschung gmbh D-64291 DarmstadtGermany institute of Atomic and Molecular Physics Jilin UniversityChangchun 130012China institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences Academia SinicaTaipei 10617TaiwanChina

We perform benchmark calculations of the p-wave resonances in the exponentially cosine screened Coulomb potential using the uniform complex-scaling generalized pseudo-spectral *** present results show significant improvement in calculation accuracy compared to previous predictions and correct the misidentification of resonance electron configuration in previous *** is found that the resonance states approximately follow an n^(2)-scaling law which is similar to the bound *** birth of a new resonance would distort the trajectory of an adjacent higher-lying resonance.

关键词： complex-scaling method shape resonance generalized pseudospectral method exponential cosine screened Coulomb potential

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Characteristics of the SOL ion-to-electron temperature ratio on the J-TEXT tokamak with different plasma configurations

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Plasma Science and Technology 2024年第2期26卷 13-21页

作者：李存凯梁云峰江中和周松华建坤阳杰杨庆虎 Alexander KNIEPS Philipp DREWS 徐鑫毛飞越谢伟杨雨桐郭金龙李杨波任正康陈志鹏王能超 the J-TEXT Team International Joint Research Laboratory of Magnetic Confinement Fusion and Plasma Physics State Key Laboratory of Advanced Electromagnetic Engineering and TechnologySchool of Electrical and Electronic EngineeringHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan 430074People's Republic of China Forschungszentrum Jülich gmbh Institut für Energie-und Klimaforschung—PlasmaphysikPartner of the Trilateral Euregio Cluster(TEC)Julich 52425Germany 不详

Accurate measurement of the average plasma parameters in the edge region,including the temperature and density of electrons and ions,is critical for understanding the characteristics of the scrape-off layer(SOL) and divertor plasma transport in magnetically confined fusion *** the J-TEXT tokamak,a multi-channel retarding field analyzer(RFA) probe has been developed to study average plasma parameters in the edge region under various poloidal divertor and island divertor *** edge radial profile of the ion-to-electron temperature ratio,τ_(i/e),has been determined,which gradually decreases as the SOL ion self-collisionality,v_(SOL)*,*** is broadly consistent with what has been observed previously from various tokamak ***,the comparison of experimental results under different configurations shows that in the poloidal divertor configuration,even under the same v_(SOL)*,τ_(i/e) in the SOL region becomes smaller as the distance from the X-point to the target plate *** the island divertor configuration,τ_(i/e) near the O-point is higher than that near the X-point at the same v_(SOL)*,and both are higher than those in the limiter *** results suggest that the magnetic configuration plays a critical role in the energy distributions between electrons and ions at the plasma boundary.

关键词： ion temperature island divertor poloidal divertor retarding field analyzer(RFA)probe

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Dynamic carbon surface chemistry: Revealing the role of carbon in electrolytic water oxidation

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2020年第8期29卷 155-159,I0006页

作者： Yuxiao Ding Qingqing Gu Alexander Klyushin Xing Huang Sakeb H.Choudhury Ioannis Spanos Feihong Song Rik Mom Pascal Dungen Anna K.Mechler Robert Schlogl Saskia Heumann max planck institute for Chemical Energy Conversion Stiftstrasse 34-36Mtilheim an der Ruhr 45470Germany Fritz-Haber-institut der max-planck Gesellschaft Faradayweg 4-6Berlin 14195Germany Research Group Catalysis for Energy Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin fur Materialien und Energie GmbHAlbert-Einstein-Strasse 1512489 BerlinGermany

Carbon materials have been widely used as electrodes, but the mechanistic roles are still not clear due to the complexity of the carbon surface chemistry. Herein we clarify that intrinsic material properties of carbon have to be activated by extrinsic factors. Pure carbon has no catalytic activity when used as electrode for electrocatalytic water oxidation. The evolution of oxygen functional groups on the carbon surface with increasing potential and the subsequent formation of real active sites with iron impurities from the electrolyte have been confirmed. These in-situ formed active sites protect the carbon from deep oxidation. This unprecedented finding not only provides insight into the dynamic evolution of carbon electrode surface chemistry and raises awareness of the need for detailed surface analysis under operando conditions, but also suggests a direction for the development of scalable and high-performance carbonbased electrode systems for various electrochemical applications.

关键词： Carbon chemistry Carbon catalysis Carbon electrode Water splitting Iron impurity

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Magnetic configuration effects on the edge heat flux in the limiter plasma on W7-X measured using the infrared camera and the combined probe

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Plasma Science and Technology 2018年第5期20卷 18-22页

作者： P DREWS H NIEMANN J COSFELD Y GAO J GEIGER O GRULKE M HENKEL D HOSCHEN K HOLLFELD C KILLER A KRAMER-FLECKEN Y LIANG S LIU D NICOLAI O NEUBAUER M RACK B SCHWEER G SATHEESWARAN L RUDISCHHAUSER N SANDRI N WANG the W7-X Team Forschungszentrum Jtilich gmbh Institut fur Energie-und Klimaforschung PlasmaphysikPartner of the Trilateral Euregio Cluster(TEC)D-52425 JulichGermany max-planck-institut fur Plasmaphysik GreifswaldGermany Forschungszentrum Jtilich gmbh Central Institute for EngineeringElectronics and Analytics/Engineering and Technology(ZEA-1)D-52425 JulichGermany JARA-HPC Germany School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering Huazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan 430074People's Republic of China

Controlling the heat and particle fluxes in the plasma edge and on the plasma facing components is important for the safe and effective operation of every magnetically confined fusion *** was attempted on Wendelstein 7-X in the first operational campaign,with the modification of the magnetic configuration by use of the trim coils and tuning the field coil currents,commonly named iota ***,the heat loads on the five limiters are ***,they differ between each limiter and are non-uniform,due to the（relatively small） error fields caused by the misalignment of *** is therefore necessary to study the influence of the configuration changes on the transport of heat and particles in the plasma edge caused by the application of error fields and the change of the magnetic *** this paper the upstream measurements conducted with the combined probe are compared to the downstream measurements with the DIAS infrared camera on the limiter.

关键词： Wendelstein 7-X W7-X plasma edge heat flux limiter

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Phonon broadening in high entropy alloys

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npj Computational Materials 2017年第1期3卷 154-162页

作者： Fritz Kormann Yuji Ikeda Blazej Grabowski Marcel H.F.Sluiter Materials Science and Engineering Delft University of Technology2628 CD DelftThe Netherlands Center for Elements Strategy Initiative for Structural Materials Kyoto UniversityKyoto 606-8501Japan Computationals Materials Design Max-Planck-Institut fur Eisenforschung GmbH40237 DusseldorfGermany

Refractory high entropy alloys feature outstanding properties making them a promising materials class for next-generation hightemperature *** high temperatures,materials properties are strongly affected by lattice vibrations(phonons).Phonons critically influence thermal stability,thermodynamic and elastic properties,as well as thermal *** contrast to perfect crystals and ordered alloys,the inherently present mass and force constant fluctuations in multi-component random alloys(high entropy alloys)can induce significant phonon scattering and *** their importance,phonon scattering and broadening have so far only scarcely been investigated for high entropy *** tackle this challenge from a theoretical perspective and employ ab initio calculations to systematically study the impact of force constant and mass fluctuations on the phonon spectral functions of 12 body-centered cubic random alloys,from binaries up to 5-component high entropy alloys,addressing the key question of how chemical complexity impacts *** find that it is crucial to include both mass and force constant *** one or the other is neglected,qualitatively wrong results can be obtained such as artificial phonon band *** analyze how the results obtained for the phonons translate into thermodynamically integrated quantities,specifically the vibrational *** in the vibrational entropy with increasing the number of elements can be as large as changes in the configurational entropy and are thus important for phase stability *** set of studied alloys includes MoTa,MoTaNb,MoTaNbW,MoTaNbWV,VW,VWNb,VWTa,VWNbTa,VTaNbTi,VWNbTaTi,HfZrNb,HfMoTaTiZr.

关键词： alloys entropy high

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不同衬底条件下石墨烯结构形核过程的晶体相场法研究

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物理学报 2017年第21期66卷 313-322页

作者：谷季唯王锦程王志军李俊杰郭灿唐赛西北工业大学凝固技术国家重点实验室西安710072 max-planck-institut fur Eisenforschung gmbh Max-Planck-StraiBe 1 D-40237 Dusseldorf Germany

利用可描述气-固转变的三模晶体相场模型,在原子尺度上研究了不同衬底条件下石墨烯结构的形核过程.结果表明:无论衬底存在与否,气态原子均是先聚集为无定形过渡态团簇,随着气态原子的不断堆积和固相团簇中原子位置的不断调整,过渡态团... 详细信息

利用可描述气-固转变的三模晶体相场模型,在原子尺度上研究了不同衬底条件下石墨烯结构的形核过程.结果表明:无论衬底存在与否,气态原子均是先聚集为无定形过渡态团簇,随着气态原子的不断堆积和固相团簇中原子位置的不断调整,过渡态团簇逐渐转变为有序的石墨烯晶核,在此过程中,五元环结构具有重要的过渡作用;石墨烯在结构匹配较好的衬底(如面心立方(face-centered cubic,FCC)结构(111)和(110))上生长时,可形成几乎没有结构缺陷单晶石墨烯岛;在无衬底或结构匹配性较差的衬底(如FCC结构(100)面)上生长时,形成的石墨烯岛结构缺陷和晶界较多,不利于高质量石墨烯的制备.

关键词：晶体相场模型形核石墨烯金属衬底

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Multidimensional thermally-induced transformation of nest-structured complex Au-Fe nanoalloys towards equilibrium

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Nano Research 2022年第1期15卷 581-592页

作者： Jacob Johny Oleg Prymak Marius Kamp Florent Calvo Se-Ho Kim Anna Tymoczko Ayman El-Zoka Christoph Rehbock Ulrich Schurmann Baptiste Gault Lorenz Kienle Stephan Barcikowski Technical Chemistry I and Center for Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen(CENIDE) University of Duisburg-EssenEssen 45141Germany Inorganic Chemistry and Center for Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen(CENIDE) University of Duisburg-EssenEssen 45141Germany institute for Materials Science Synthesis and Real StructureKiel UniversityKiel 24143Germany University Grenoble Alpes CNRSLiPhyGrenoble 38000France max-planck-institut fur eisenforschurtg gmbh Diisseldorf40237Germany Department of Materials Royal School of MineImperial College LondonLondon SW72AZUK

Bimetallic nanoparticles are often superior candidates for a wide range of technological and biomedical applications owing to their enhanced catalytic,optical,and magnetic properties,which are often better than their monometallic *** of their properties strongly depend on their chemical composition,crystallographic structure,and phase ***,little is known of how their crystal structure,on the nanoscale,transforms over time at elevated temperatures,even though this knowledge is highly relevant in case nanoparticles are used in,e.g.,high-temperature ***-Fe is a promising bimetallic system where the low-cost and magnetic Fe is combined with catalytically active and plasmonic ***,we report on the in s/fi;temporal evolution of the crystalline ordering in Au-Fe nanoparticles,obtained from a modern laser ablation in liquids *** in-depth analysis,complemented by dedicated atomistic simulations,includes a detailed structural characterization by X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy as well as atom probe tomography to reveal elemental distributions down to a single atom *** show that the Au-Fe nanoparticles initially exhibit highly complex internal nested nanostructures with a wide range of compositions,phase distributions,and size-depended *** elevated temperature induces a diffusion-controlled recrystallization and phase merging,resulting in the formation of a single face-centered-cubic ultrastructure in contact with a body-centered cubic phase,which demonstrates the metastability of these *** these unique nanostructures with nested features could be highly attractive from a fundamental viewpoint as they could give further insights into the nanoparticle formation mechanism under non-equilibrium ***,the in situ evaluation of the crystal structure changes upon heating is potentially relevant for high-temperature process utilization of bimetallic na

关键词： nanoparticles in situ atom probe tomography diffusion recrystallization atomistic simulation

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Towards maximized utilization of iridium for the acidic oxygen evolution reaction

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Nano Research 2019年第9期12卷 2275-2280页

作者： Marc Ledendecker Simon Geiger Katharina Hengge Joohyun Lim Serhiy Cherevko Andrea M. Mingers Daniel Gohl Guilherme V. Fortunato Daniel Jalalpoor Ferdi Schuth Christina Scheu Karl J. J. Mayrhofer Department of Interface Chemistry and Surface Engineering Nanoanalytics and Interfaces Max-Planck-Institut fur Eisenforschung GmbH40237 DusseldorfGermany Department of Heterogeneous Catalysis Max-Planck-Institut fur KohlenforschungKaiser- Wilhelm-Platz 145470 Mulheim an der RuhrGermany Helmholtz-institute Erlangen-Nurnbergfar Renewable Energy (IEK-11) Forschungszentrum Jillich91058 ErlangenGermany Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering Friedrich-Alexander- Universitat Erlangen -Nurnberg91058 ErlangenGermany institute of Chemistry Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do SulAv. Senador Filin to Muller1555Campo GrandeMS 79074-460Brazil

The reduction in noble metal content for efficient oxygen evolution catalysis is a crucial aspect towards the large scale commercialisation of polymer electrolyte membrane *** catalytic stability and activity are inversely related,long service lifetime still demands large amounts of low-abundant and expensive *** this manuscript we elaborate on the concept of maximizing the utilisation of iridium for the oxygen evolution *** combining different tin oxide based support materials with liquid atomic layer deposition of iridium oxide,new possibilities are opened up to grow thin layers of iridium oxide with tuneable noble metal ***-situ,time-and potential-resolved dissolution experiments reveal how the stability of the substrate and the catalyst layer thickness directly affect the activity and stability of deposited iridium *** on our results,we elaborate on strategies how to obtain stable and active catalysts with maximized iridium utilisation for the oxygen evolution reaction and demonstrate how the activity and durability can be tailored *** results highlight the potential of utilizing thin noble metal films with earth abundant *** for future catalytic applications in the energy sector.

关键词： oxygen evolution reaction liquid atomic layer depositi on catalysis iridium core-shell nano particles

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