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Deuterium retention in chemically vapor deposited tungsten carbide coatings and hot-rolled tungsten exposed to low-energy deuterium plasma

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Tungsten 2022年第1期4卷 10-19页

作者： Vladimir Kh.Alimov Joachim Roth Frumkin institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry Russian Academy of SciencesMoscow 119071Russia max-planck-Institut fur Plasmaphysik 85748 GarchingGermany

Samples of chemically vapor deposited(CVD)coatings of tungsten carbides W_(45)C_(55)and W_(60)C_(40)and samples of hot-rolled tungsten were exposed to deuterium(D)plasma at sample temperatures ranging from 323 to 813 K,as a result of which the samples were irradiated with D ions with an energy of about 200 eV per D particle at a flux of D particles of about1.1×10^(21)D·m^(-2)·s^(-1)to a fluence of about 2×10^(24)D·m^(-2).The concentration of deuterium in these samples was examined by the D(3 He,p)4 He nuclear *** on the measured deuterium depth profiles and assuming that these profiles are determined by diffusing D atoms,the diffusion coefficients of deuterium in the CVD tungsten carbide coatings were *** these diffusion coefficients,an estimate of the Arrhenius relation for the diffusion coefficients of deuterium in CVD tungsten carbide coatings was obtained:D=2.5×10^(-3)exp(-1.12 eV/kT)m~2·s^(-1),where T is temperature expressed in Kelvin,and k is the Boltzmann *** concentration of trapped deuterium in the bulk of CVD tungsten carbide coatings is practically independent of the stoichiometry of the *** decreases from about 5×10^(-2)to about 7×10^(-4)D/(W+C)with an increase in the deuterium plasma exposure temperature from 373 to 813 *** concentration of trapped deuterium in hot-rolled tungsten,expressed in units of the D/W atomic ratio,is more than an order of magnitude lower than the concentration of deuterium in tungsten carbides,and also decreases with increasing plasma exposure temperature.

关键词： Chemically vapor deposited tungsten carbides Tungsten Deuterium plasma Deuterium depth profiles Deuterium diffusion coefficients

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Influence of Ca addition on the dynamic and static recrystallization behavior of direct extruded flat profiles of Mg-Y-Zn alloy

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Journal of Magnesium and Alloys 2023年第10期11卷 3736-3748页

作者： Maria Nienaber Jan Bohlen Sangbong Yi Gerrit Kurz Karl Ulrich Kainer Dietmar Letzig institute of Material and Process Design Helmholtz-Zentrum Hereon GmbHMax-Planck-Str.1Geesthacht 21502Germany Agnes-Miegel Str.11Bad Essen 49152Germany

This paper investigates the influence of addition of Ca in a Y-Zn-containing magnesium alloy on the dynamic and static recrystallization behaviors and reveals the formation mechanism of the quadrupole texture during thermomechanical processing. Direct extrusion of flat bands has been conducted at various process conditions to study the difference between the two alloys WZ10 and WZX100 in terms of microstructure and texture development. It can be shown that, Ca addition promotes the DRX of WZ10 alloy. During additional heat treatment,the absence of Y segregation at the grain boundaries and the associated lack of solute drag to the boundary mobility leads to a pronounced grain growth during SRX in WZX100 alloy. Furthermore, it is shown that the addition of Ca to Y-Zn is not beneficial in terms of *** is demonstrated that alloying elements can have different effects depending on the recrystallization mechanisms. Partially recrystallized microstructure is a prerequisite at the as-extruded status to form the quadrupole texture and during subsequent annealing, which stands for high formability.

关键词： Extrusion Recrystallization Magnesium alloy Mg-Y-Zn-Ca alloy Formability quadrupole texture

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A recently evolved BAHD acetyltransferase,responsible for bitter soyasaponin A production,is indispensable for soybean seed germination

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Journal of Integrative Plant biology 2023年第11期65卷 2490-2504页

作者： Jia Yuan Liya Ma Yan Wang Xindan Xu Rui Zhang Chengyuan Wang Wenxiang Meng Zhixi Tian Yihua Zhou Guodong Wang State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics Institute of Genetics and Developmental BiologyThe Innovative Academy of Seed Designthe Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100039China State Key Laboratory of Molecular developmental biology the Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190China The Center for Microbes Development and HealthInstitute of Pasteur of Shanghaithe Chinese Academy of SciencesShanghai 200031China State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering Institute of Genetics and Developmental BiologyThe Innovative Academy of Seed Designthe Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China

Soyasaponins are major small molecules that accumulate in soybean(Glycine max)*** them,type-A soyasaponins,fully acetylated at the terminal sugar of their C22 sugar chain,are responsible for the bitter taste of soybean-derived ***,the molecular basis for the acetylation of type-A soyasaponins remains ***,we identify and characterize Gm SSAc T1,encoding a BADH-type soyasaponin acetyltransferase that catalyzes three or four consecutive acetylations on type-A soyasaponins in vitro and in *** analysis and biochemical assays suggest that Gm SSAc T1 likely evolved from acyltransferases present in leguminous plants involved in isoflavonoid ***-of-function mutants of Gm SSAc T1 exhibited impaired seed germination,which attribute to the excessive accumulation of null-acetylated type-A *** conclude that Gm SSAc T1 not only functions as a detoxification gene for high accumulation of type-A soyasaponins in soybean seeds but is also a promising target for breeding new soybean varieties with lower bitter soyasaponin content.

关键词： BAHD acyltransferase seed germination soyasaponin soybean

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Neutralized solar energetic particles for SEP forecasting:Feasibility study of an innovative technique for space weather applications

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Earth and Planetary Physics 2022年第1期6卷 42-51页

作者： Xiao-Dong Wang B.Klecker G.Nicolaou S.Barabash M.Wieser P.Wurz A.Galli F.Cipriani Y.Futaana Swedish institute of Space Physics KirunaSweden max-planck institute für extraterrestrische Physik GarchingGermany Physics institute University of BernBernSwitzerland ESA/ESTEC Research and Scientific Support DepartmentNoordwijkThe Netherlands

Energetic neutral atoms(ENAs)are produced by the neutralization of energetic ions formed by shock-accelerated gradual solar energetic particle events(SEP).These high-energy ENAs(HENAs)can reach the Earth earlier than the associated SEPs and thus can provide information about the SEPs at the lower *** HENA properties observed at Earth depend on the properties of the coronal mass ejection(CME)-driven shocks that accelerate the *** a model of HENA production in a shock-accelerated SEP event,we semi-quantitatively investigate the energy-time spectrum of HENAs depending on the width,propagation speed,and direction of the shock,as well as the density and ion abundances of the lower *** to the baseline model parameters,the cases with a wider shock width angle or a higher coronal density would increase the HENA flux observed at the Earth,while the case with an Earthpropagating shock shows a softened HENA *** comparison of expected HENA fluxes in different cases with a flight-proven ENA instrument suggests that solar HENAs can feasibly be monitored with current technologies,which could provide a lead time of 2−3 hours for SEPs at a few *** propose that monitoring of solar HENAs could provide a new method to forecast shock-driven SEP events that are capable of significant space weather impacts on the near-Earth environment.

关键词： solar energetic particles energetic neutral atoms space weather numerical simulation

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Electronic structure regulation of noble metal-free materials toward alkaline oxygen electrocatalysis

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eScience 2023年第4期3卷 20-38页

作者： Xia Wang Minghao Yu Xinliang Feng max-planck-institute for Chemical Physics of Solids 01187 DresdenGermany Centre for Advancing Electronics Dresden(CFAED)&Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry Technische Universit€at Dresden01062 DresdenGermany max planck institute of Microstructure Physics 06120 HalleGermany

Developing highly efficient,inexpensive catalysts for oxygen electrocatalysis in alkaline electrolytes(i.e.,the oxygen reduction reaction(ORR)and the oxygen evolution reaction(OER))is essential for constructing advanced energy conversion techniques(such as electrolyzers,fuel cells,and metal–air batteries).Recent achievements in efficient noble metal-free ORR and OER catalysts make the replacement of conventional noble metal counterparts a realistic *** particular,various electronic structure regulation strategies have been employed to endow these oxygen catalysts with attractive physicochemical properties and strong synergistic effects,providing significant fundamental understanding to advance in this *** review article summarizes recently developed electronic structure regulation strategies for three types of noble metal-free oxygen catalysts:transition metal compounds,single-atom catalysts,and metal-free *** begin by briefly presenting the basic ORR and OER reaction mechanisms,following this with an analysis of the fundamental relationship between electronic structure and intrinsic electrocatalytic activity for the three categories of ***,recent advances in electronic structure regulation strategies for noble metal-free ORR and OER catalysts are systematically *** conclude by summarizing the remaining challenges and presenting our outlook on the future for designing and synthesizing noble metal-free oxygen electrocatalysts.

关键词： Oxygen electrocatalysts Electronic structure Noble metal-free electrocatalysts Active sites Intrinsic activity

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On the material dependency of peri-implant morphology and stability in healing bone

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Bioactive Materials 2023年第10期28卷 155-166页

作者： Stefan Bruns Diana Krüger Silvia Galli D.C.Florian Wieland Jorg U.Hammel Felix Beckmann Ann Wennerberg Regine Willumeit-Romer Berit Zeller-Plumhoff Julian Moosmann institute of Metallic Biomaterials Helmholtz-Zentrum HereonMax-Planck-Str.121502GeesthachtGermany University of Malmo Faculty of OdontologyDepartment of ProsthodonticsCarl Gustafs Vag 34Klerken20506MalmoSweden institute of Materials Physics Helmholtz-Zentrum HereonMax-Planck-Str.121502GeesthachtGermany University of Gothenburg Institute of OdontologyDepartment of ProsthodonticsMedicinaregatan 12 f41390GoteborgSweden

The microstructural architecture of remodeled bone in the peri-implant region of screw implants plays a vital role in the distribution of strain energy and implant *** present a study in which screw implants made from titanium,polyetheretherketone and biodegradable magnesium-gadolinium alloys were implanted into rat tibia and subjected to a push-out test four,eight and twelve weeks after *** were 4 mm in length and with an M2 *** loading experiment was accompanied by simultaneous three-dimensional imaging using synchrotron-radiation microcomputed tomography at 5μm *** deformation and strains were tracked by applying optical flow-based digital volume correlation to the recorded image *** stabilities measured for screws of biodegradable alloys were comparable to pins whereas non-degradable biomaterials experienced additional mechanical ***-implant bone morphology and strain transfer from the loaded implant site depended heavily on the biomaterial *** implants stimulated rapid callus formation displaying a consistent monomodal strain profile whereas the bone volume fraction in the vicinity of magnesium-gadolinium alloys exhibited a minimum close to the interface of the implant and less ordered strain *** in our data suggest that implant stability benefits from disparate bone morphological properties depending on the biomaterial *** leaves the choice of biomaterial as situational depending on local tissue properties.

关键词： Biodegradable implant materials Bone mechanical testing Implant stability Synchrotron micro-computed tomography imaging Digital volume correlation

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Observation of a single protein by ultrafast X-ray diffraction

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Light(Science & Applications) 2024年第1期13卷 80-90页

作者： Tomas Ekeberg Dameli Assalauova Johan Bielecki Rebecca Boll Benedikt J.Daurer Lutz A.Eichacker Linda E.Franken Davide E.Galli Luca Gelisio Lars Gumprecht Laura H.Gunn Janos Hajdu Robert Hartmann Dirk Hasse Alexandr Ignatenko Jayanath Koliyadu Olena Kulyk Ruslan Kurta Markus Kuster Wolfgang Lugmayr Jannik Lübke Adrian P.Mancuso Tommaso Mazza Carl Nettelblad Yevheniy Ovcharenko Daniel E.Rivas max Rose Amit K.Samanta Philipp Schmidt Egor Sobolev Nicusor Timneanu Sergey Usenko Daniel Westphal Tamme Wollweber Lena Worbs Paul Lourdu Xavier Hazem Yousef Kartik Ayyer Henry N.Chapman Jonas A.Sellberg Carolin Seuring Ivan A.Vartanyants Jochen Küpper Michael Meyer Filipe R.N.C.Maia Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics Department of Cell and Molecular BiologyUppsala UniversityHusargatan 3(Box 596)SE-75124 UppsalaSweden Deutsches Electronen-Synchrotron DESY Notkestrasse 8522607 HamburgGermany European XFEL Holzkoppel 422869 SchenefeldGermany Diamond Light Source Harwell Science&Innovation CampusDidcot OX110DEUK University of Stavanger Centre Organelle ResearchRichard-Johnsensgate 44021 StavangerNorway Leibniz institute for Experimental Virology(HPI) Centre for Structural Systems BiologyNotkestraße 8522607 HamburgGermany Dipartimento di Fisica“Aldo Pontremoli” Universitàdegli Studi di Milanovia Celoria 1620133 MilanoItaly Center for Free-Electron Laser Science DESY22607 HamburgGermany Plant biology Section School of Integrative Plant ScienceCornell UniversityIthacaNY 14853USA PNSensor GmbH Otto-Hahn-Ring 6D-81739 MünchenGermany Biomedical and X-Ray Physics Department of Applied PhysicsAlbaNova University CenterKTH Royal Institute of TechnologySE-10691 StockholmSweden ELI Beamlines/IoP institute of Physics AS CR v.v.i.Na Slovance 218221 Prague 8Czech Republic Multi-User CryoEM Facility Centre for Structural Systems BiologyNotkestr.8522607 HamburgGermany University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf(UKE) Martinistrasse 5220246 HamburgGermany The Hamburg Center for Ultrafast Imaging Universität HamburgLuruper Chaussee 14922761 HamburgGermany Department of Physics Universität HamburgLuruper Chaussee 14922761 HamburgGermany Department of Chemistry and Physics La Trobe Institute for Molecular ScienceLa Trobe UniversityMelbourneVIC 3086Australia Division of Scientific Computing Science for Life LaboratoryDepartment of Information TechnologyUppsala UniversityBox 337SE-75105 UppsalaSweden European Molecular biology Laboratory c/o DESYNotkestrasse 8522607 HamburgGermany Department of Physics and Astronomy Uppsala UniversityBox 516SE-75120 UppsalaSweden max planck institute for the Structure and Dynamics of Matter Luruper Chaussee 14922761 HamburgGe

The idea of using ultrashort X-ray pulses to obtain images of single proteins frozen in time has fascinated and inspired *** was one of the arguments for building X-ray free-electron *** to theory,the extremely intense pulses provide sufficient signal to dispense with using crystals as an amplifier,and the ultrashort pulse duration permits capturing the diffraction data before the sample inevitably *** was first demonstrated on biological samples a decade ago on the giant *** then,a large collaboration has been pushing the limit of the smallest sample that can be *** ability to capture snapshots on the timescale of atomic vibrations,while keeping the sample at room temperature,may allow probing the entire conformational phase space of *** we show the first observation of an X-ray diffraction pattern from a single protein,that of Escherichia coli GroEL which at 14 nm in diameter is the smallest biological sample ever imaged by X-rays,and demonstrate that the concept of diffraction before destruction extends to single *** the pattern,it is possible to determine the approximate orientation of the *** experiment demonstrates the feasibility of ultrafast imaging of single proteins,opening the way to single-molecule time-resolved studies on the femtosecond timescale.

关键词： smallest intense ultrafast

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Forging strength-ductility unity in a high entropy steel

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Journal of Materials Science & Technology 2022年第18期113卷 158-165页

作者： S.J.Tsianikas Y.Chen J.Jeong S.Zhang Z.Xie School of Mechanical Engineering The University of AdelaideSA 5005Australia Centre for Advanced Thin Film Materials and Devices Faculty of Materials and EnergySouthwest UniversityChongqing 400715China max-planck-Institut für Eisenforschung Max-Planck-Straße 1Düsseldorf 40237Germany

Fe_(72.4)Co_(13.9)Cr_(10.4)Mn_(2.7)B_(0.34)high entropy steel was prepared by magnetron *** alloy exhibits a high yield strength of 2.92±0.36 GPa while achieving appreciable plasticity of 13.7±1.9%at the ultimate compressive strength(3.37±0.36 GPa).The distribution of iron and chromium shows an un-usual,characteristic spinodal-like pattern at the nanometer scale,where compositions of Fe and Cr show strong anticorrelation and vary by as much as 20 at.%.The high strength is largely attributable to the compositional modulations,combined with fine grains with body-centered cubic(BCC)crystal structure,as well as grain boundary segregation of interstitial *** impressive plasticity is accommodated by the formation and operation of multiplanar,multicharacter dislocation slips,mediated by coherent in-terfaces,and controlled by shear *** excellent strength-ductility combination is thus enabled by a range of distinctive strengthening mechanisms,rendering the new alloy a potential candidate for safety-critical,load-bearing structural applications.

关键词： Deformation mechanisms Micromechanical testing Compositional fluctuations Body-centered cubic High entropy steel

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The ALMA-QUARKS Survey.Ⅱ.The ACA 1.3 mm Continuum Source Catalog and the Assembly of Dense Gas in Massive Star-Forming Clumps

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Research in Astronomy and Astrophysics 2024年第6期24卷 119-139页

作者：许峰玮 Ke Wang Tie Liu Lei Zhu Guido Garay Xunchuan Liu Paul Goldsmith Qizhou Zhang Patricio Sanhueza Shengli Qin Jinhua He Mika Juvela Anandmayee Tej Hongli Liu Shanghuo Li Kaho Morii Siju Zhang Jianwen Zhou Amelia Stutz Neal JEvans Kee-Tae Kim Shengyuan Liu Diego Mardones Guangxing Li Leonardo Bronfman Ken’ichi Tatematsu Chang Won Lee Xing Lu Xiaofeng Mai Sihan Jiao James O.Chibueze Keyun Su Viktor L.Tóth Kavli institute for Astronomy and Astrophysics Peking UniversityBeijing 100871China Department of Astronomy School of PhysicsPeking UniversityBeijing 100871China Shanghai Astronomical Observatory Chinese Academy of SciencesShanghai 200030China Chinese Academy of Sciences South America Center for Astronomy National Astronomical ObservatoriesChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China Departamento de Astronomía Universidad de ChileLas Condes7591245 SantiagoChile Jet Propulsion Laboratory California Institute of Technology4800 Oak Grove DrivePasadena CA 91109USA Center for Astrophysics|Harvard&Smithsonian 60 Garden StreetCambridgeMA 02138USA National Astronomical Observatory of Japan National Institutes of Natural Sciences2-21-1 OsawaMitakaTokyo 181-8588Japan Astronomical Science Program The Graduate University for Advanced StudiesSOKENDAI2-21-1 OsawaMitakaTokyo 181-8588Japan School of Physics and Astronomy Yunnan UniversityKunming 650091China Yunnan Observatories Chinese Academy of SciencesKunming 650216China Department of Physics University of HelsinkiPO Box 64FI-00014 HelsinkiFinland Indian institute of Space Science and Technology Thiruvananthapuram 695547KeralaIndia max planck institute for Astronomy Königstuhl 17D-69117 HeidelbergGermany Department of Astronomy Graduate School of ScienceThe University of Tokyo7-3-1 HongoBunkyo-kuTokyo 113-0033Japan max-planck-Institut für Radioastronomie Auf dem Hügel 6953121 BonnGermany Departamento de AstronomÂıa Universidad de ConcepcionCasilla 160-CConcepci onChile Department of Astronomy The University of Texas at AustinTexas 78712-1205USA Korea Astronomy and Space Science institute 776 Daedeokdae-roYuseong-guDaejeon 34055Republic of Korea institute of Astronomy and Astrophysics Academia SinicaRoosevelt RoadTaipei 10617TaiwanChina South-Western institute for Astronomy Research Yunnan UniversityKunming 650091China Korea Astronomy and Space Science institute 776 Daedeok-daeroYuseong-guDaejeon 34055Republic of

Leveraging the high resolution,sensitivity,and wide frequency coverage of the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array(ALMA),the QUARKS survey,standing for“Querying Underlying mechanisms of massive star formation with ALMA-Resolved gas Kinematics and Structures”,is observing 139 massive starforming clumps at ALMA Band 6(λ~1.3 mm).This paper introduces the Atacama Compact Array(ACA)7 m data of the QUARKS survey,describing the ACA observations and data *** multiwavelength data,we provide the first edition of QUARKS atlas,offering insights into the multiscale and multiphase interstellar medium in high-mass star *** ACA 1.3 mm catalog includes 207 continuum sources that are called ACA *** gas kinetic temperatures are estimated using three formaldehyde transitions with a non-LTE radiation transfer model,and the mass and density are derived from a dust emission *** ACA sources are massive(16–84 percentile values of 6–160 M_(⊙)),gravity-dominated(M∝R^(1.1))fragments within massive clumps,with supersonic turbulence(M>1)and embedded star-forming *** find a linear correlation between the masses of the fragments and the massive clumps,with a ratio of 6%between the *** considering fragments as representative of dense gas,the ratio indicates a dense gas fraction(DGF)of 6%,although with a wide scatter ranging from 1%to 10%.If we consider the QUARKS massive clumps to be what is observed at various scales,then the size-independent DGF indicates a self-similar fragmentation or collapsing mode in protocluster *** the ACA data over four orders of magnitude of luminosity-to-mass ratio(L/M),we find that the DGF increases significantly with L/M,which indicates clump evolutionary *** observed a limited fragmentation at the subclump scale,which can be explained by a dynamic global collapse process.

关键词： stars:formation ISM:kinematics and dynamics ISM:clouds stars:protostars

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Micro-alloyed Mg-Ca:Corrosion susceptibility to heating history and a plain problem-solving approach

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Journal of Magnesium and Alloys 2023年第4期11卷 1193-1205页

作者： Min Deng Linqian Wang Darya Snihirova Jan Bohlen Gerrit Kurz Sviatlana V.Lamaka Daniel Höche Mikhail L.Zheludkevich institute of Surface Science Helmholtz-Zentrum HereonMax-Planck Str.1Geesthacht 21502Germany institute of Material and Process Design Helmholtz-Zentrum HereonGeesthacht 21502Germany institute of Materials Science Faculty of EngineeringKiel UniversityKiel 24143Germany

The exceptionally low corrosion rate(∼0.1 mm y^(–1)in concentrated NaCl solution for 7 days)enables lean Mg-Ca alloys great potential for diverse applications,particularly if relevant properties(*** strength,electrochemical performance,etc.)can be enhanced by thermomechanical ***,herein it is demonstrated that the corrosion performance of lean Mg-Ca is susceptible to the heating *** corrosion rate of Mg-0.15 wt%Ca alloy is remarkably accelerated after annealing even for a short time(4 h at 400℃)because Fe precipitation readily takes ***,it is found that micro-alloying with dedicated additional elements is able to solve this ***,the problem-solving capability is dependent on the element category,particularly the ability of the alloying element to constrain the Fe *** the three studied elements(***,Ge and In),only In shows good competence of restricting the formation of Fe-containing precipitates,thereby contributing to retention of the superior corrosion resistance after annealing even at a rigorous condition(24 h at 450℃).The finding creates good foundation for follow-up work of developing lean Mg-Ca-based alloys combining high corrosion resistance,superior electrochemical performance with excellent mechanical properties for applications as biodegradable implants and anode materials for aqueous batteries.

关键词： Magnesium Micro-alloying Thermomechanical processing Corrosion Impurity

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