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Turning to myelin turnover

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Neural Regeneration Research 2019年第12期14卷 2063-2066页

作者： Tobias J.Buscham Maria A.Eichel Sophie B.Siems Hauke B.Werner Department of Neurogenetics Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine

Neural plasticity in the adult central nervous system involves the adaptation of myelination, including the formation of novel myelin sheaths by adult-born oligodendrocytes. Yet, mature oligodendrocytes slowly but constantly turn over their pre-existing myelin sheaths, thereby establishing an equilibrium of replenishment and degradation that may also be subject to adaptation with consequences for nerve conduction velocity. In this short review we highlight selected approaches to the normal turnover of adult myelin in vivo, from injecting radioactive precursors of myelin constituents in the 1960s to current strategies involving isotope labeling and tamoxifen-induced gene targeting.

关键词： oligodendrocyte myelin plasticity and turnover degradation tamoxifen metabolic labeling isotope labeling neural plasticity myelinoid bodies central nervous system

Mock catalogues for large surveys:Lessons from Gaia and implications for CSST

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Science China(Physics,Mechanics & Astronomy) 2023年第11期66卷 239-240页

作者： Tristan Cantat-Gaudin max-planck-Institut für Astronomie Heidelberg69117Germany

Experience in large stellar surveys,such as Gaia,has shown that synthetic catalogues are very useful for preparing the data and evaluating scientific results(see the Gaia Universe model snapshot,ref.[1],as an example).This experience holds especially for complex datasets that provide not only positions and apparent magnitudes,but also proper motions,multi-band photometry,and spectroscopy.

关键词： spectroscopy survey holds

Silencing NOA1 Elevates Herbivory-Induced Jasmonic Acid Accumulation and Compromises Most of the Carbon-Based Defense Metabolites in Nicotiana attenuata

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Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2011年第8期53卷 619-631页

作者： Hendrik Wünsche Ian T. Baldwin Department of Molecular Ecology max planck Institute for Chemical Ecology

Nitric oxide-associated protein 1 （NOA1） is involved in various abiotic stress responses and is required for plant resistance to pathogen infections. However, the role of NOA1 in plant-herbivore interactions has not been explored. We created NOA1-silenced Nicotiana attenuata plants （irNaNOA1）. Compared with wild-type （WT） plants, irNaNOA1 plants had highly decreased photosynthesis rates. We further examined various traits important for plant defense against its specialist herbivore Manduca sexta by treating WT and irNaNOA1 plants with mechanical wounding and M. sexta oral secretions （OS）. NOA1-silenced plants showed elevated levels of herbivory-induced jasmonic acid （JA）, but decreased JA-isoleucine conjugate （JA-Ile） levels. The decreased JA-Ile levels did not result from compromised JAR （jasmonic acid resistant） activity in irNOA1 plants. Moreover, nitrogen-rich defensive compounds, nicotine and trypsin proteinase inhibitors, did not differ between WT and irNaNOA1 plants. In contrast, concentrations of most carbon-based defensive compounds were lower in these plants than in WT plants, although the levels of chlorogenic acid were not changed. Therefore, silencing NOA1 alters the allocation of carbon resources within the phenylpropanoid pathway. These data suggest the involvement of NOA1 in N. attenuata’s defense against M. sexta attack, and highlight its role in photosynthesis, and biosynthesis of jasmonates and secondary metabolites.

关键词： NOA1 defense herbivory nitric oxide-associated protein 1 secondary metabolites.

The role of Ca,Al and Zn on room temperature ductility and grain boundary cohesion of magnesium

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Journal of Magnesium and Alloys 2021年第5期9卷 1536-1551页

作者： Supriya Nandy Shao-Pu Tsai Leigh Stephenson Dierk Raabe Stefan Zaefferer max-planck Institut für Eisenforschung Düsseldorf 40237Germany

It is know from literature that small additions(<1 wt%)of Ca,Al and Zn significantly improve the intrinsic ductility of *** exact role of each element,both qualitatively and quantitatively,and their combined effects,however,are poorly *** we achieved a much clearer view on the quantitative role of each element with respect to ductility improvement and on the collaborative effect,particularly of Ca and Zn in *** of our findings and conclusions are in disagreement with data and interpretation found in *** different alloys,namely,Mg-0.1 Ca,Mg-0.1 Ca-1 Al,Mg-0.05 Ca-1 Al,Mg-0.1 Ca-2 Al-1 Zn(all are in wt%)were selected for this *** alloys were treated such that *** grain sizes and textures were *** largely excludes the effect of extrinsic factors on ***-guided slip trace analyses reveal that the addition of Ca eases activation of prismatic and pyramidal II slip *** in-situ deformation experiments in SEM and atom probe tomography observations of grain boundaries direct evidence is given for the individual and synergetic effects of Ca and Zn on grain boundary cohesion as an important contribution to improve the ductility of these *** conclude that Ca reduces the slip anisotropy and ameliorates ductility,however,the weak grain boundary cohesion in the Mg-0.1 wt%Ca alloy limits the material’s tensile *** addition of Zn alters the Ca segregation at the grain boundaries and helps to retain their cohesive strength,an effect which thus enables higher ductility and *** further addition of Al primarily improves the *** results show that the balanced influence of reduced slip anisotropy on the one hand and increased grain boundary cohesion on the other hand allow to design a high strength high ductility rare-earth free Mg alloy.

关键词： Magnesium–Calcium–Zinc alloys Ductility Slip system determination grain boundary cohesion

Self-assembled vesicle–colloid hybrid swimmers:Non-reciprocal strokes with reciprocal actuation

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Chinese Physics B 2020年第6期29卷 30-36页

作者： Jaime Agudo-Canalejo Babak Nasouri max planck Institute for Dynamics and Self-Organization(MPIDS) 37077 GoettingenGermany

We consider a self-assembled hybrid system,composed of a bilayer vesicle to which a number of colloids are *** on known results of membrane curvature elasticity,we predict that,for sufficiently deflated prolate vesicles,the colloids can self-assemble into a ring at a finite distance away from the vesicle equator,thus breaking the up–down symmetry in the *** the relative variation of the position of the colloidal ring along the vesicle endows the system with an effective elasticity,periodic cycles of inflation and deflation can lead to non-reciprocal shape changes of the vesicle–colloid hybrid,allowing it to swim in a low Reynolds number environment under reciprocal *** design several actuation protocols that allow control over the swimming direction.

关键词： vesicles colloids microswimmers curvature

MoS_(2) on topological insulator Bi_(2)Te_(3) thin films:Activation of the basal plane for hydrogen reduction

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2021年第11期30卷 516-522,I0012页

作者： Guowei Lia Jue Huang Qun Yang Liguo Zhang Qingge Mu Yan Sun Stuart Parkin Kai Chang Claudia Felser max planck Institute for Chemical Physics of Solids 01187 DresdenGermany max planck Institute for Microstructure Physics 06120 HalleGermany Beijing Academy of Quantum Information Sciences 100193 BeijingChina

2H-MoS_(2) is a well-studied and promising non-noble metal electrocatalyst for heterogeneous reactions,such as the hydrogen evolution reaction(HER).The performance is largely limited by the chemically inert basal plane,which is unfavorable for surface adsorption and ***,we report a facile method to boost the HER activities of 2H-MoS_(2) by coupling with epitaxial Bi2Te3 topological insulator *** as-obtained MoS_(2)/Bi2Te3/SrTiO3 catalyst exhibits prominent HER catalytic activities compared to that of pure MoS_(2) structures,with a 189 mV decrease in the overpotential required to reach a current density of 10 mA cm^(−2) and a low Tafel slope of 58 mV dec−*** investigations suggest that the enhanced catalytic activity originates from the charge redistribution at the interface between the Bi2Te3topological insulator films and the MoS_(2) *** delocalized sp-derived topological surface states could denote electrons to the MoS_(2) layer and activate the basal plane for hydrogen *** study demonstrates the potential of manipulating topological surface states to design high-performance electrocatalysts.

关键词： MoS_(2) Topological insulator Hydrogen evolution Surface states Electron transfer

CREEP DEFORMATION OF INTERMETALLIC ALLOYS

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Acta Metallurgica Sinica(English Letters) 1995年第Z1期8卷 431-440页

作者： Gerhard Sauthoff(max-planck-Institut fur Eisenforschung GmbH., D-40074 Dusseldorf,Germany) max-planck-Institut fur Eisenforschung GmbH Dusseldorf Germany

Intermetallics for structural applications at high temperatures must show a sufficient high temperature strength which is controlled by creep processes. In the first section the creep behaviour of single-phase intermetallic alloys is overviewed with respect to stress and temperature dependence and effects of composition and microstructure. It is shown in particular that creep deformation is controlled by diffusion. The second section refers to multiphase intermetallic alloys, and both particulate and non-particulate alloys are regarded. Data are presented for single-phase and multiphase alloys based on B2 phases and lesscommon phases and the consequences of diffusion control for alloy design are discussed.

关键词： creep B2 phases NiAl particulate alloys,multiphase alloys

A Simple Scheme for Directly Measuring the Wigner Functions of Cavity Fields

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Chinese Physics Letters 2003年第2期20卷 227-229页

作者：张智明 DepartmentofPhysics ShanghaiJiaotongUniversityShanghai200240 max-planck-InstituteforQuantumOptics H

We propose a scheme for directly measuring the Wigner functions of cavity fields. The scheme is based on the Raman interaction between atoms and cavity fields. We find a simple and direct relation between the Wigner function and the atomic population difference. By suitably choosing the interaction time, we find that the Wigner function is just two times of the atomic population difference. Thus, one can obtain the Wigner function by measuring the atomic populations and calculating the population difference.

关键词： Atoms

Polymer coated nanowire network promises self-healing and superstretchable conductors

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Science China Chemistry 2019年第2期62卷 151-152页

作者： Markus Antonietti max planck Institute for Colloids and Interfaces Potsdam-Golm Science Park

The generation of stretchable conductors is a mandatory precondition for the next-generation electronic devices ineluding flexible,wearable electronics,smart skins and bioinspired devices [1-4].This new class of electronic materials takes up external mechanical deformations and maintains structural integrity and electronic performance throughout bending,folding and stretching *** intense efforts have been devoted to the construction of stretchable conductors,large stretchability is still difficult to achieve.

关键词： generation Polymer stretchable