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A perspective on Gaussian processes for Earth observation

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National Science Review 2019年第4期6卷 616-618页

作者： Gustau Camps-Valls Dino Sejdinovic Jakob Runge Markus Reichstein Image Processing Laboratory University of Valencia Department of Statistics University of Oxford German Aerospace Center Institute of Data Science max planck institute for biogeochemistry

INTRODUCTION Earth observation (EO) by airborne and satellite remote sensing and in situ observations plays a fundamental role in monitoring our planet. In the last decade, machine learning has attained outstanding results in the estimation of bio-geo-physical variables from the acquired images at local and global scales in a time-resolved manner. Gaussian processes (GPs)[1], as flexible

关键词： Earth Gaussian A perspective on Gaussian processes for Earth observation

The ALMA-QUARKS Survey.Ⅰ.Survey Description and Data Reduction

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Research in Astronomy and Astrophysics 2024年第2期24卷 104-124页

作者：刘训川 Tie Liu Lei Zhu Guido Garay Hong-Li Liu Paul Goldsmith Neal Evans Kee-Tae Kim Sheng-Yuan Liu Fengwei Xu Xing Lu Anandmayee Tej Xiaofeng Mai Leonardo Bronfman Shanghuo Li Diego Mardones Amelia Stutz Ken'ichi Tatematsu Ke Wang Qizhou Zhang Sheng-Li Qin Jianwen Zhou Qiuyi Luo Siju Zhang Yu Cheng Jinhua He Qilao Gu Ziyang Li Zhenying Zhang Suinan Zhang Anindya Saha Lokesh Dewangan Patricio Sanhueza Zhiqiang Shen Shanghai Astronomical Observatory Chinese Academy of SciencesShanghai 200030China Chinese Academy of Sciences South America Center for Astronomy National Astronomical ObservatoriesChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China Departamento de Astronomía Universidad de ChileLas Condes7591245 SantiagoChile School of Physics and Astronomy Yunnan UniversityKunming 650091China Jet Propulsion Laboratory California Institute of Technology4800 Oak Grove DrivePasadena CA 91109USA Department of Astronomy The University of Texas at AustinTX 78712-1205USA Korea Astronomy and Space Science institute 776 Daedeokdae-roYuseong-guDaejeon 34055Republic of Korea institute of Astronomy and Astrophysics Academia SinicaRoosevelt RoadTaipei 10617China Kavli institute for Astronomy and Astrophysics Peking UniversityBeijing 100871China Department of Astronomy School of PhysicsPeking UniversityBeijing 100871China Indian institute of Space Science and Technology Thiruvananthapuram 695547KeralaIndia max planck institute for Astronomy Königstuhl 17D-69117 HeidelbergGermany Departamento de Astronomía Universidad de ConcepciónCasilla 160-CConcepciónChile Nobeyama Radio Observatory National Astronomical Observatory of JapanNational Institutes of Natural Sciences462-2 NobeyamaMinamimakiMinamisakuNagano 384-1305Japan Center for Astrophysics∣Harvard&Smithsonian 60 Garden StreetCambridgeMA 02138USA max-planck-Institut für Radioastronomie Auf dem Hügel 69D-53125 BonnGermany School of Astronomy and Space Sciences University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China National Astronomical Observatory of Japan 2-21-1 OsawaMitakaTokyo181-8588Japan Yunnan Observatories Chinese Academy of SciencesKunming 650216China Physical Research Laboratory NavrangpuraAhmedabad-380009India Astronomical Science Program The Graduate University for Advanced StudiesSOKENDAI2-21-1 OsawaMitakaTokyo 181-8588Japan University of Science and Technology Korea(UST)217 Gajeong-roYuseong-guDaejeon 34113Republic o

This paper presents an overview of the QUARKS survey,which stands for Querying Underlying mechanisms of massive star formation with ALMA-Resolved gas Kinematics and Structures."The QUARKS survey is observing139 massive clumps covered by 156 pointings at Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array(ALMA)Band 6(λ~1.3 mm).In conjunction with data obtained from the ALMA-ATOMS survey at Band 3(λ~3 mm),QUARKS aims to carry out an unbiased statistical investigation of massive star formation process within protoclusters down to a scale of 1000 *** overview paper describes the observations and data reduction of the QUARKS survey,and gives a first look at an exemplar source,the mini-starburst Sgr B2(M).The wide-b and width(7.5 GHz)and high-angular-resolution(~0."3)observations of the QUARKS survey allow for the resolution of much more compact cores than those could be done by the ATOMS survey,and to detect previously unrevealed fainter filamentary *** spectral windows cover transitions of species including CO,SO,N_(2)D^(+),SiO,H_(30)α,H_(2)CO,CH_(3)CN,and many other complex organic molecules,tracing gas components with different temperatures and spatial *** aims to deepen our understanding of several scientific topics of massive star formation,such as the mass transport within protoclusters by(hub-)filamentary structures,the existence of massive starless cores,the physical and chemical properties of dense cores within protoclusters,and the feedback from already formed high-mass young protostars.

关键词： stars formation-stars kinematics and dynamics-ISM clouds-ISM molecules

Orbit design for the Laser Interferometer Space Antenna (LISA)

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Science China(Physics,Mechanics & Astronomy) 2010年第12期53卷 179-186页

作者： Gerhard HEINZEL Albrecht RDIGER max planck institute for Gravitational Physics

The Laser Interferometer Space Antenna (LISA) is a joint ESA-NASA mission for detecting low-frequency gravitational waves in the frequency range from 0.1 mHz to 1 Hz, by using accurate laser interferometry between three spacecrafts, which will be launched around 2018 and one year later reach their operational orbits around the Sun. In order to operate successfully, it is crucial for the constellation of the three spacecrafts to have extremely high stability. Based on the study of operational orbits for a 2015 launch, we design the operational orbits of beginning epoch on 2019-03-01, and introduce the method of orbit design and optimization. We design the orbits of the transfer from Earth to the operational orbits, including launch phase and separation phase; furthermore, the relationship between energy requirement and flight time of these two orbit phases is investigated. Finally, an example of the whole orbit design is presented.

关键词： co-orbital restricted problem orbit design orbit optimization launch energy

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Ozone concentrations, flux and potential effect on yield during wheat growth in the NorthwestShandong Plain of China

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2015年第8期27卷 1-9页

作者： Zhilin Zhu Xiaomin Sun Fenghua Zhao Franz X.Meixner Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources ResearchChinese Academy of Sciences biogeochemistry Department Max-Planck-Institute for Chemistry

Ozone（O3） concentration and flux（Fo） were measured using the eddy covariance technique over a wheat field in the Northwest-Shandong Plain of China. The O3-induced wheat yield loss was estimated by utilizing O3exposure-response models. The results showed that：（1） During the growing season（7 March to 7 June, 2012）, the minimum（16.1 ppb V） and maximum（53.3 ppb V）mean O3 concentrations occurred at approximately 6：30 and 16：00, respectively. The mean and maximum of all measured O3 concentrations were 31.3 and 128.4 ppb V, respectively. The variation of O3 concentration was mainly affected by solar radiation and temperature.（2） The mean diurnal variation of deposition velocity（V d） can be divided into four phases, and the maximum occurred at noon（12：00）. Averaged V d during daytime（6：00–18：00） and nighttime（18：00–6：00） were 0.42 and 0.14 cm/sec, respectively. The maximum of measured V d was about1.5 cm/sec. The magnitude of V d was influenced by the wheat growing stage, and its variation was significantly correlated with both global radiation and friction velocity.（3） The maximum mean F o appeared at 14：00, and the maximum measured F o was-33.5 nmol/（m^2·sec）. Averaged F o during daytime and nighttime were-6.9 and-1.5 nmol/（m^2·sec）, respectively.（4） Using O3 exposure-response functions obtained from the USA, Europe, and China, the O3-induced wheat yield reduction in the district was estimated as 12.9% on average（5.5%–23.3%）. Large uncertainties were related to the statistical methods and environmental conditions involved in deriving the exposure-response functions.

关键词： Ozone concentration Ozone flux Deposition velocity Eddy covariance Yield loss estimation Cropland ecosystem

Chinese Sources for AfterWards:From Premodern Poetry,Paintings,and Medical Texts to Modern Novels,Film,and Documentaries

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Chinese Medicine and Culture 2023年第2期6卷 127-138页

作者： Marta Hanson Independent Scholar Max Planck Institute for the History of ScienceBerlin 14195Germany

This paper focuses on Chinese sources suggested for a narrative medicine(NM)program,called *** Lauren Small established AfterWards in 2014 and has been coordinating it since out of the Pediatrics Department at Johns Hopkins *** early 2019,she started giving a series of lectures and workshops about AfterWards to Chinese medical educators and clinicians in Beijing and *** created an AfterWards Facilitator’s Guide based on Western-language sources for workshop *** also started to organize with Jiang Yuhong(Peking Union Medical College)a workshop for Chinese colleagues to be held at Johns Hopkins Medicine in October *** invited the author to *** idea was hatched then to develop Chinese source materials following the AfterWards structure for an updated Facilitator’s Guide that Dr Small had initially written.A typical one-hour AfterWards session consists of a specific five-part structure:a literary text or artwork,an associated theme,discussion topics,a writing exercise,and shared *** the content of the program always changes from session to session,the basic structure remains the *** paper summarizes the types of Chinese sources and their related narrative-medicine themes that were originally selected for inclusion in the updated AfterWards Facilitator’s Guide intended for Chinese *** sources about coping with sick family members,aging,and illness ranged from the textual(classical Chinese poems on aging and diagnostic forms for training students)and visual(premodern Chinese paintings and murals of medical encounters)to the fictive(novels)and performative(contemporary Asian-American film in English and Chinese-language film and documentaries).

关键词： Documentaries Films Murals Narrative medicine Novels Paintings Poetry

Balancing nutrients in a toxic environment: the challenge of eating

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Insect Science 2022年第1期29卷 289-303页

作者： Peng Wang Daniel G.Vassão Bettina Raguschke Michael J.Furlong Myron P.Zalucki School of Biological Sciences The University of QueenslandSt LuciaQueenslandAustralia Department of Biochemistry Max Planck Institute for Chemical EcologyJenaGermany

Insect herbivores can regulate their food intake by mixing food sources with different nutrient content, but face the resulting challenge of ingesting various plant secondary metabolites. How insects deal with toxins in a complex nutrient environment is unclear. Here we investigated the influence of a classic plant secondary metabolite, allyl glucosinolate (sinigrin), and its hydrolyzed product allyl isothiocyanate (AITC), on the development of Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) when fed on diets with different protein-to-carbohydrate (p : c) ratios. We also examined the effects of these toxins on larval biochemistry, by chemically analyzing the frass produced by insects feeding on the different diets. As expected, AITC had a greater negative effect than sinigrin on H. armigera life-history traits. However, AITC at low concentration appeared to have a positive effect on some traits. Both sinigrin and AITC-induced detoxification activity in the gut, and the reaction was related to diet protein concentration. High-protein diets can provide the required free amino acid, especially cysteine, needed for the detoxification process. The nutrient content of the diet influences how plant secondary metabolites are handled, and the use of artificial diets in experiments investigating the metabolic fate of plant secondary compounds needs to be carefully evaluated.

关键词： diet protein glucosinolate gut metabolism Helicoverpa armigera isothiocyanate

Molecular Engineering of Naphthalimide Methylcyclohexane Luminogen:Unraveling J^(*)-Aggregation Pattern and Sensing Melamine in Aqueous Media

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CCS Chemistry 2024年第4期6卷 923-931页

作者： Kavita Narang Parameswar Krishnan Iyer Department of Chemistry Indian Institute of Technology GuwahatiGuwahati 781039Assam Centre for Nanotechnology Indian Institute of Technology GuwahatiGuwahati 781039Assam

Naphthalimide methylcyclohexane(NMICY)luminogen that features molecular conformation-directed aggregation-induced emission was prepared,and its pure equatorial conformer was isolated and wellcharacterized via various techniques,including single-crystal X-ray diffraction(SC-XRD)*** NMICY,the methyl cyclohexane substituent adapted the most stable chair conformation,preventing intermolecularπ-πinteractions among the naphthalimide *** analysis of the self-assembly behavior indicated that an uncommon J^(*)-aggregation pattern was predominant for NMICY that exhibited∼450 nm emission in crystal as well as in the aggregated state[λmax=455 nm,фPL=23.22%,fw=99.9%in water or water-dimethylformamide mixture].NMICY self-assembled into cube-shaped 2D-nanoarchitecture as characterized by fieldemission scanning electron microscopy,atomic force microscopy,and dynamic light scattering(Zavg=143 nm,∼20 nm height)studies while also displaying unique optical properties in the aggregated *** supramolecular self-assembly and aggregated state structure-property relationship in aqueous media of NMICY were optimized,and a facile strategy for the detection of melamine in milk and an aqueous solution of milk powder is reported with a limit of detection value of 0.184 ppm(milk)and 0.101 ppm(milk powder),achieved via the rare acceptor-excited photoinduced electron transfer ***,a smartphone-based,portable,and uncomplicated sensing platform was developed that simplifies the melamine detection process.

关键词： conformational isomers J^(*)-aggregation aggregation-induced emission supramolecular assembly melamine detection acceptor-excited photoinduced electron transfer mechanism

Grasping Heaven and Earth(Qian Kun Zai Wo):The Body-as-Technology in Classical Chinese Medicine

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中医药文化(英文) 2023年第3期6卷 233-246页

作者： Marta Hanson Independent Scholar Affiliate Max Planck Institute for the History of ScienceBerlin 14195Germany

Shifting focus from the patient’s body to the healer’s body,this essay focuses on how Chinese physicians instrumentalized their bodies to heal(ie,body-as-technology)and their hands to think with(ie,hand-memory techniques or simply,hand mnemonics).When physicians used their hands to memorize concepts related to clinical practice,calculate with time variables,and carry out ritual gestures intended to reduce risk,improve fortune,and even cure,their hands became extensions of their *** essay has three parts that follow the discovery process of the author’s research on hand-memory techniques found in Chinese medical *** first part“Divination and Revelation”explains the significance of how the author first learned about Chinese divination practices that used hand *** second part“Original Frame”introduces the scholarship on arts of memory in Europe that informed interpretations of the earliest hand mnemonics found in Chinese medical *** third part“Expanded Frame”deploys some concepts from cognitive science to help situate Chinese medical hand mnemonics more broadly as an example of extended *** essay concludes with an important distinction:sometimes Chinese healers’hands were used separately from their bodies to think through things and sometimes hand and body had to be integrated in order for the healer’s body-as-technology to act as a therapeutically effective instrument.

关键词： Arts of memory Body-as-technology Extended cognition Hand mnemonics

Development and experimental validation of kinetic models for the hydrogenation/dehydrogenation of Mg/Al based metal waste for energy storage

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Journal of Magnesium and Alloys 2022年第10期10卷 2761-2774页

作者： M.Passing C.Pistidda G.Capurso J.Jepsen O.Metz M.Dornheim T.Klassen institute of Hydrogen Technology Helmholtz-Zentrum HereonMax-Planck-Straße 1 DGeestacht 21502Germany institute of Materials Technology Helmut Schmidt UniversityHolstenhofweg 85 DHamburg 22043Germany

With the increased use of renewable energy sources,the need to store large amounts of energy will become increasingly important in the near future.A cost efficient possibility is to use the reaction of recycled Mg waste with hydrogen as thermo-chemical energy *** to the high reaction enthalpy,the moderate pressure and appropriate temperature conditions,the broad abundance and the recyclability,the Mg/Al alloy is perfectly suitable for this *** further development of a previous work,in which the performance of recycled Mg/Al waste was presented,a kinetic model for hydro-and dehydrogenation is derived in this *** and pressure dependencies are determined,as well as the rate limiting step of the *** experiments are carried out in an autoclave with a scaled-up powder mass,which is also used to validate the model by simulating the geometry with the scaled-up experiments at different conditions.

关键词： Thermo-chemical energy storage Hydrogen storage Metal hydride Magnesium based waste Recycling