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A discovery of two slow pulsars with FAST:“Ronin”from the globular cluster M15

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Science China(Physics,Mechanics & Astronomy) 2024年第6期67卷 166-180页

作者： Dengke Zhou Pei Wang Di Li Jianhua Fang Chenchen Miao Paulo CCFreire Lei Zhang Dandan Zhang Huaxi Chen Yi Feng Yifan Xiao Jintao Xie Xu Zhang Chenwu Jin Han Wang Yinan Ke Xuerong Guo Rushuang Zhao Chenhui Niu Weiwei Zhu Mengyao Xue Yabiao Wang Jiafu Wu Zhenye Gan Zhongyi Sun Chengjie Wang Jie Zhang Junshuo Zhang Jinhuang Cao Wanjin Lu Research Center for Astronomical computing Zhejiang LaboratoryHangzhou 311121China National Astronomical Observatories Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China Institute for Frontiers in Astronomy and Astrophysics Beijing Normal UniversityBeijing 102206China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China New Cornerstone Science Laboratory Shenzhen 518054China max planck Institut f¨ur Radioastronomie Bonn 53121Germany Centre for Astrophysics and Supercomputing Swinburne University of TechnologyHawthorn 3122Australia School of Mathematical Sciences School of Physics and Electronic SciencesGuizhou Normal UniversityGuiyang 550001China Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Radio Astronomy and data Processing Guiyang 550001China School of Physics and Electronic Engineering Qilu Normal UniversityJinan 250200China School of Physics and Electronic Science Guizhou Normal UniversityGuiyang 550001China College of Physical Science and Technology Central China Normal UniversityWuhan 430079China Tencent Youtu Lab Shanghai 201103China

Globular clusters harbor numerous millisecond pulsars,but long-period pulsars(P 100 ms)are rarely *** this study,we employed a fast folding algorithm to analyze observational data from multiple globular clusters obtained by the Five-hundredmeter Aperture Spherical radio Telescope(FAST),aiming to detect the existence of long-period *** estimated the impact of the median filtering algorithm in eliminating red noise on the minimum detectable flux density(S_(min))of ***,we successfully discovered two isolated long-period pulsars in M15 with periods approximately equal to 1.928451 and3.960716 s,*** the P-˙P diagram,both pulsars are positioned below the spin-up line,suggesting a possible history of partial recycling in X-ray binary systems disrupted by dynamical encounters later *** to timing results,these two pulsars exhibit remarkably strong magnetic *** the magnetic fields were weakened during the accretion process,then a short duration of accretion might explain the strong magnetic fields of these pulsars.

关键词： pulsar globular cluster FAST

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Evaluation of Application Possibilities for Packaging Technologies in Canonical Workflows

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data Intelligence 2022年第2期4卷 372-385页

作者： Thomas Jejkal Sabrine Chelbi Andreas Pfeil Peter Wittenburg Karlsruhe Institute of Technology Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 176344 Eggenstein-LeopoldshafenGermany max planck computing and data facility GieBenbachstraBe 285748 GarchingGermany

InCanonicalWorkflowFramework forResearch(CWFR)"packages"arerelevantin *** data science,workflows are in general being executed on a set of files which have been aggregated for specific purposes,such as for training a model in deep *** call this type of"package"a data collection and its aggregation and metadata description is motivated by research *** other type of"packages"relevant for CWFR are supposed to represent workflows in a self-describing and self-contained way for later *** this paper,we will review different packaging technologies and investigate their usability in the context of *** this purpose,we draw on an exemplary use case and show how packaging technologies can support its *** conclude that packaging technologies of different flavors help on providing inputs and outputs for workflow steps in a machine-readable way,as well as on representing a workflow and all its artifacts in a self-describing and self-contained way.

关键词： Canonical Workflow Framework for Research Packaging technologies Research data collections Packaging formats

Open Science and data Science

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data Intelligence 2021年第1期3卷 95-105页

作者： Peter Wittenburg max planck computing and data facility Gießenbachstraße 285748 GarchingGermany

data Science(DS)as defined by Jim Gray is an emerging paradigm in all research areas to help finding non-obvious patterns of relevance in large distributed data collections.“Open Science by Design”(OSD),i.e.,making artefacts such as data,metadata,models,and algorithms available and re-usable to peers and beyond as early as possible,is a pre-requisite for a flourishing DS ***,a few major aspects can be identified hampering a fast transition:(1)The classical“Open Science by Publication”(OSP)is not sufficient any longer since it serves different functions,leads to non-acceptable delays and is associated with high curation *** data lab practices towards OSD requires more fundamental changes than OSP.(2)The classical publication-oriented models for metrics,mainly informed by citations,will not work anymore since the roles of contributors are more difficult to assess and will often change,i.e.,other ways for assigning incentives and recognition need to be found.(3)The huge investments in developing DS skills and capacities by some global companies and strong countries is leading to imbalances and fears by different stakeholders hampering the acceptance of Open Science(OS).(4)Finally,OSD will depend on the availability of a global infrastructure fostering an integrated and interoperable data domain-“one data-domain”as George Strawn calls it-which is still not visible due to differences about the technological key *** therefore is a need for DS,but it will take much more time to implement it than we may have expected.

关键词： Open Science by Design Open Science by Publication data Science data infrastructure Digital Objects FAIR

From Persistent Identifiers to Digital Objects to Make data Science More Efficient

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data Intelligence 2019年第1期1卷 6-21页

作者： Peter Wittenburg max planck computing and data facility Gießenbachstraße 285748 GarchingGermany

data-intensive science is reality in large scientific organizations such as the max planck Society,but due to the inefficiency of our data practices when it comes to integrating data from different sources,many projects cannot be carried out and many researchers are *** about 80%of the time in data-intensive projects is wasted according to surveys we need to conclude that we are not fit for the challenges that will come with the billions of smart devices producing continuous streams of data-our methods do not *** experts worldwide are looking for strategies and methods that have a potential for the *** first steps have been made since there is now a wide agreement from the Research data Alliance to the FAIR principles that data should be associated with persistent identifiers(PID)and metadata(MD).In fact after 20 years of experience we can claim that there are trustworthy PID systems already in broad *** is argued,however,that assigning PIDs is just the first *** we agree to assign PIDs and also use the PID to store important relationships such as pointing to locations where the bit sequences or different metadata can be accessed,we are close to defining Digital Objects(DOs)which could indeed indicate a solution to solve some of the basic problems in data management and *** addition to standardizing the way we assign PIDs,metadata and other state information we could also define a Digital Object Access Protocol as a universal exchange protocol for DOs stored in repositories using different data models and data *** could also associate a type with each DO and a set of operations allowed working on its content which would facilitate the way to automatic processing which has been identified as the major step for scalability in data science and data industry.A globally connected group of experts is now working on establishing testbeds for a DO-based data infrastructure.

关键词： Big data data management Persistent identifiers Digital objects data infrastructure data intensive science

Convolutional neural network-assisted recognition of nanoscale L1_(2) ordered structures in face-centred cubic alloys

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npj Computational Materials 2021年第1期7卷 60-68页

作者： Yue Li Xuyang Zhou Timoteo Colnaghi Ye Wei Andreas Marek Hongxiang Li Stefan Bauer Markus Rampp Leigh T.Stephenson max-planck Institut für Eisenforschung GmbH Max-Planck-Straße 140237 DüsseldorfGermany max planck computing and data facility Gießenbachstraße 285748 GarchingGermany State Key Laboratory for Advanced Metals and Materials University of Science and Technology Beijing100083 BeijingChina max planck Institute for Intelligent Systems Max-Planck-Ring 472076 TübingenGermany

Nanoscale L12-type ordered structures are widely used in face-centered cubic(FCC)alloys to exploit their hardening capacity and thereby improve mechanical *** fine-scale particles are typically fully coherent with matrix with the same atomic configuration disregarding chemical species,which makes them challenging to be *** distribution maps(SDMs)are used to probe local order by interrogating the three-dimensional(3D)distribution of atoms within reconstructed atom probe tomography(APT)***,it is almost impossible to manually analyze the complete point cloud(>10 million)in search for the partial crystallographic information retained within the ***,we proposed an intelligent L1_(2)-ordered structure recognition method based on convolutional neural networks(CNNs).The SDMs of a simulated L1_(2)-ordered structure and the FCC matrix were firstly *** simulated images combined with a small amount of experimental data were used to train a CNN-based L1_(2)-ordered structure recognition ***,the approach was successfully applied to reveal the 3D distribution of L1_(2)–typeδ′–Al3(LiMg)nanoparticles with an average radius of 2.54 nm in a FCC Al-Li-Mg *** minimum radius of detectable nanodomain is even down to 5Å.The proposed CNN-APT method is promising to be extended to recognize other nanoscale ordered structures and even more-challenging short-range ordered phenomena in the near future.

关键词： alloys ordered cubic

Scintillation Arc from FRB 20220912A

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Science China(Physics,Mechanics & Astronomy) 2024年第1期67卷 134-142页

作者： Zi-Wei Wu Robert AMain Wei-Wei Zhu Bing Zhang Peng Jiang Jia-Rui Niu Jin-Lin Han Di Li Ke-Jia Lee Dong-Zi Li Yuan-Pei Yang Fa-Yin Wang Rui Luo Pei Wang Chen-Hui Niu Heng Xu Bo-Jun Wang Wei-Yang Wang Yong-Kun Zhang Yi Feng De-Jiang Zhou Yong-Hua Xu Can-Min Deng Yu-Hao Zhu National Astronomical Observatories Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China max-planck-Institut für Radioastronomie Bonn 53121Germany Institute for Frontier in Astronomy and Astrophysics Beijing Normal UniversityBeijing 102206China Nevada Center for Astrophysics and Department of Physics and Astronomy University of NevadaLas VegasNV 89154USA CAS Key Laboratory of FAST National Astronomical ObservatoriesChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China School of Astronomy University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China NAOC-UKZN Computational Astrophysics Centre University of KwaZulu-NatalDurban 4000South Africa Department of Astronomy Peking UniversityBeijing 100871China Kavli Institute for Astronomy and Astrophysics Peking UniversityBeijing 100871China Cahill Center for Astronomy and Astrophysics California Institute of TechnologyPasadena 91125USA South-Western Institute For Astronomy Research Yunnan UniversityKunming 650504China School of Astronomy and Space Science Nanjing UniversityNanjing 210093China Key Laboratory of Modern Astronomy and Astrophysics(Nanjing University) Ministry of EducationNanjing 210023China CSIRO Space and Astronomy Epping 1710Australia Department of Astronomy School of Physics and Materials ScienceGuangzhou UniversityGuangzhou 510006China Research Center for Intelligent computing Platforms Zhejiang LaboratoryHangzhou 311100China Yunnan Observatories Chinese Academy of SciencesKunming 650011China Guangxi Key Laboratory for Relativistic Astrophysics Department of PhysicsGuangxi UniversityNanning 530004China

We present the interstellar scintillation analysis of fast radio burst(FRB)20220912A during its extremely active episode in 2022using data from the Five-hundred-meter Aperture Spherical Radio Telescope(FAST).We detect a scintillation arc in the FRB’s secondary spectrum,which describes the power in terms of the scattered FRB signals’time delay and Doppler *** arc indicates that the scintillation is caused by a highly localized *** analysis favors a Milky Way origin of the ionized interstellar medium(IISM)for the localized scattering medium but cannot rule out a host galaxy *** present our method for detecting the scintillation arc,which can be applied generally to sources with irregularly spaced bursts or *** methods could help shed light on the complex interstellar environment surrounding the FRBs and in our Galaxy.

关键词： fast radio burst scintillation FRB 20220912A

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Editors’Note

data Intelligence 2021年第1期3卷 1-4页

作者： Peter Wittenburg George Strawn max planck computing and data facility Gießenbachstraße 285748 GarchingGermany US National Academy of Sciences Washington DC 20418USA

In 2019 the German Leibniz research organization sponsored a conference on Open Science(OS)with the idea to publish some of the presented papers in the data Intelligence *** engaged as editors,we recognized that the term“Open Science”was coined about 10 years ago with the intention as pointed out by Michael Nielson:“OS is the idea that scientific knowledge of all kinds should be openly shared as early as is practical in the discovery process”.

关键词： pointed Open journal

FAIR Practices in Europe

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data Intelligence 2020年第1期2卷 257-263,319页

作者： Peter Wittenburg Michael Lautenschlager Hannes Thiemann Carsten Baldauf Paul Trilsbeek max planck computing and data facility Gießenbachstraße 285748 GarchingGermany DKRZ Ringgold standard institution Bundesstr.45aHamburgHamburg 20146Germany Fritz-Haber-Institut der max-planck-Gesellschaft Faradayweg 4-6Berlin 14195Germany MPI for Psycholinguistics Wundtlaan 1Nijmegen 6525 XDThe Netherlands

Institutions driving fundamental research at the cutting edge such as for example from the max planck Society(MPS)took steps to optimize data management and stewardship to be able to address new scientific *** this paper we selected three institutes from the MPS from the areas of humanities,environmental sciences and natural sciences as examples to indicate the efforts to integrate large amounts of data from collaborators worldwide to create a data space that is ready to be exploited to get new insights based on data intensive science *** this integration the typical challenges of fragmentation,bad quality and also social differences had to be *** all three cases,well-managed repositories that are driven by the scientific needs and harmonization principles that have been agreed upon in the community were the core *** is not surprising that these principles are very much aligned with what have now become the FAIR *** FAIR principles confirm the correctness of earlier decisions and their clear formulation identified the gaps which the projects need to address.

关键词： Infrastructure FAIR Metrics GO FAIR Matrix

Computational History:Challenges and Opportunities of Formal Approaches

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Journal of Social computing 2023年第3期4卷 232-242页

作者： Jürgen Jost Roberto Lalli Manfred D.Laubichler Eckehard Olbrich Jürgen Renn Guillermo Restrepo Peter F.Stadler Dirk Wintergrün the max planck Institute for Mathematics in the Sciences Leipzig 04103Germany the Santa Fe Institute Santa FeNM 87501USA the max planck Institute for the History of Science Berlin 14195Germany the School of Complex Adaptive Systems and the Global Biosocial Complexity Initiative Arizona State UniversityTempeAZ 85287USA the Department of Computer Science and Interdisciplinary Center for Bioinformatics Leipzig UniversityLeipzig 04109Germany

We propose a program for a computational analysis,based on large scale datasets,of deep conceptual and formal structures,representing the mechanisms of historical transformations in different domains ranging from biological to social,cultural,and knowledge *** conceptualize such systems as consisting of complex multi-layer *** properties of such networks may explain the spreading of *** relations between the dynamics of interacting networks may help to identify *** systems may show path and context *** illustrate our approach by case studies from all those types of systems.

关键词： computational history history of science network analysis big data