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Effects of carbon content on the microstructure and tensile properties of a low-density steel

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International Journal of Minerals,Metallurgy and materials 2025年第2期32卷 391-401页

作者： Yongxuan Shang Mingyu Fan Shuyong Jiang Zhongwu Zhang Key Laboratory of Superlight materials and Surface Technology Ministry of EducationCollege of Materials Science and Chemical EngineeringHarbin Engineering UniversityHarbin 150001China State Key Laboratory of Metal material for Marine Equipment and Application Iron&Steel Research Institute of Ansteel Group CorporationAnshan 114009China

Carbon can change the phase components of low-density steels and influence the mechanical *** this study,a new method to control the carbon content and avoid the formation ofδ-ferrite by decarburization treatment was *** microstructural changes and mechanical characteristics with carbon content induced by decarburization were systematically ***-Jaoul(C-J)analysis was employed to examine the work hardening characteristics during the tensile *** decarburization by heat treatments,the carbon content within the austenite phase decreased,while Mn and Al were almost unchanged;this made the steel with full austenite transform into the austenite and ferrite dual ***,(Ti,V)C carbides existed in both matrix phase and the mole fraction almost the *** addition,the formation of other carbides *** loss induced a decrease in strength due to the weakening of the carbon solid *** the steel with the single austinite,the deformation mode of austenite was the dislocation planar glide,resulting in the formation of *** the dual-phase steel,the deformation occurred by the dislocation planar glide of austenite first,with the increase in strain,the cross slip of ferrite took place,forming dislocation cells in *** the late stage of deformation,the work hardening of austinite increased rapidly,while that of ferrite increased slightly.

关键词： low-density steels carbon content decarburization strengthening mechanisms work hardening behavior

When AI meets sustainable 6G

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science China(Information sciences) 2025年第1期68卷 4-22页

作者： Xiaohu YOU Yongming HUANG Cheng ZHANG Jiaheng WANG Hao YIN Hequan WU National Mobile Communications research Laboratory Southeast University Purple Mountain Laboratories Chinese Academy of Military science China Information Communication Technologies group

Sixth-generation(6G) networks are anticipated to achieve transformative advancements, characterized by extreme connectivity, deep integration with artificial intelligence(AI) and sensing, and airground integration. The evolution of 6G exhibits two major trends: ubiquitous intelligence and sustainability. The former aims to embed state-of-the-art AI technology into the 6G network, from the physical layers to applications, while the latter emphasizes reducing energy consumption while enhancing network performance to address environmental concerns. Despite the amazing progress in recent years, AI advancements come with substantial increases in data and computational overhead, posing critical challenges for integrating AI into sustainable 6G networks. First, high energy consumption from large datasets and heavyweight AI models contradicts6G's green goals. Second, the precise collection of large datasets, message delivery latency, and inference delays in AI models pose challenges for real-time tasks in 6G. Third, the uninterpretability and unpredictability of AI models complicate meeting the stringent requirements for controllable transmission in dynamic wireless environments. Addressing these challenges and achieving sustainable 6G with ubiquitous intelligence calls for a revolutionary design of 6G architecture and AI frameworks. To this end, this paper introduces a novel and practical methodology for green, real-time, and controllable 6G native intelligence,starting with knowledge graph(KG) analysis to extract small but critical datasets, followed by the development of distributed lightweight AI models, and the use of digital twins(DTs) to create precise replicas of physical 6G networks. This leads to a pervasive multi-level(PML)-AI framework supported by a task-centric, three-layer 6G architecture. The AI framework operates through non-real-time and real-time cycles, leveraging three key technologies: wireless data KGs for efficient data management,lightweight AI mode

关键词： artificial intelligence sustainable 6G green real-time controllable

Low-dose X-ray induced long afterglow NIR luminescence from Cr3+ doped Zn1-xCdxGa2O4 spinel solid solutions

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Journal of Rare Earths 2025年第2期43卷 246-252页

作者： Tingting Zhao Wenzhi Sun Shuya Wang Wei Meng Chunqing Fu Xiaoyan Fu Hongwu Zhang School of Chemistry and material sciences Ludong University College of materials science and Engineering Xiamen University of Technology

The low-dose X-ray induced long afterglow near infrared（NIR） luminescence from Cr3+doped Zn1-xCdxGa2O4spinel solid solutions was *** structure analysis shows the good formation of Zn1-xCdxGa2O4spinel solid solutions,which possesses a cubic spinel structure with Fd3m space *** formation of Zn1-xCdxGa2O4spinel solid solutions induces the obvious increase of long afterglow near infrared luminescence excited by low-dose X-ray,When the content of doped Cd2+reaches 0.1,the low-dose X-ray induced long afterglow NIR luminescence is the *** importantly,only 5 s Xray irradiation can induce more than 6 h NIR afterglow emission,of which the afterglow luminescent intensity is still 5 times stronger than the background intensity after 6 *** thermoluminescent results show that under the 5 s exposure of X-ray,the trap density of Zn0.9Cd0.1Ga2O4:Cr3+is much higher than that of ZnGa2O4:Cr3+.The replacement of Cd2+ions with large radius at Zn2+sites causes the increase of de fects and dislocations,which results in the obvious increase of trap co *** the addition of high-z number elements Cd2+would enhance the X-ray absorption of the solid solutions,which thus can be easily excited by low-dose ***0.9Cd0.1Ga2O4:1%Cr3+solid solution is a potential candidate of lowdose X-ray induced long afterglow luminescent materials.

关键词： Phosphors Rare earths Solid solutions X-ray induced long afterglow luminescence Zn1–xCdxGa2O4:1%Cr3+

Constructing electrochemically stable single crystal Ni-rich cathode material via modification with high valence metal oxides

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2025年第02期101卷 392-401页

作者： Hancheng Shi Jiongzhi Zheng Tao Wan Hongqiang Wang Zeping Wen Fenghua Zheng Mingru Su Aichun Dou Yu Zhou Ahmad Naveed Panpan Zhang Hailong Wang Ruiqiang Guo Yunjian Liu Dewei Chu School of material science and Engineering Jiangsu University Thayer School of Engineering Dartmouth College School of materials science and Engineering The University of New South Wales School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical sciences Guangxi Normal University School of materials and New Energy Ningxia University Thermal science research Center Shandong Institute of Advanced Technology

Single crystal Ni-rich cathode materials（SCNCM） are a good supplement in the market of nickel-based materials due to their safety and excellent electrochemical ***,the challenges of cation mixing,phase change during charge/discharge,and low thermal stability remain unresolved in single crystal *** address these issues,SCNCM are rationally modified by incorporating transition metal（TM） oxides,and the influence of metal ions with different valence states on the electrochemical properties of SCNCM is methodically explored through experimental results and theoretical *** structural stability is demonstrated in SCNCM after the modifications,and the degree of improvement in the matrix materials varies depending on the valence state of doped TM *** highest structural stability is found in WO3-modified SCNCM,due to the smaller effective ion radii,higher electro-negativity,stronger W-O bond,and efficient suppression of oxygen vacancy *** a result,WO3-modified SCNCM have outstanding cycle performance,with a capacity retention rate of90.2% after 200 *** study provides an insight into the design of advanced SCNCM with enhanced reversibility and cyclability.

关键词： In-situ coating Ion doping Lithium-ion battery Single crystal Ni-rich material Strengthening mechanism analysis

Force and impulse multi-sensor based on flexible gate dielectric field effect transistor

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International Journal of Minerals,Metallurgy and materials 2025年第1期32卷 214-220页

作者： Chao Tan Junling Lü Chunchi Zhang Dong Liang Lei Yang Zegao Wang College of materials science and Engineering Sichuan UniversityChengdu 610065China The 54th research Institute of China Electronics Technology group Corporation Shijiazhuang 050081China

Nowadays,force sensors play an important role in industrial production,electronic information,medical health,and many other ***-dimensional material-based filed effect transistor(2D-FET)sensors are competitive with nano-level size,lower power consumption,and accurate ***,few of them has the capability of impulse detection which is a path function,expressing the cumulative effect of the force on the particle over a period of *** we fabricated the flexible polymethyl methacrylate(PMMA)gate dielectric MoS_(2)-FET for force and impulse sensor *** systematically investigated the responses of the sensor to constant force and varying forces,and achieved the conversion factors of the drain current signals(I_(ds))to the detected impulse(I).The applied force was detected and recorded by I_(ds)with a low power consumption of~30 *** sensitivity of the device can reach~8000%and the 4×1 sensor array is able to detect and locate the normal force applied on ***,there was almost no performance loss for the device as left in the air for two months.

关键词： flexible gate dielectric transistor force sensor impulse sensor force sensor array

Gradient maturation experiment on hairs implies taphonomic changes in fossil hairs

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science China Earth sciences 2025年第1期68卷 62-73页

作者： Xin LI Yibo ZHOU Tao ZHAO Xingjian HE Yanhong PAN State Key Laboratory for Mineral Deposits research Center for Critical Earth Material CyclingCentre for Research and Education on Biological Evolution and Environment and Frontiers ScienceSchool of Earth Sciences and EngineeringNanjing UniversityNanjing210023China Institute of Palaeontology Yunnan Key Laboratory of Earth System ScienceYunnan Key Laboratory for PalaeobiologyYunnan UniversityKunming650500China

Mammalian hair,as a key feature related to endothermy,physical protection,and camouflage,has a long geohistorical record that dates back even to the ***,the limited information on the taphonomy of hair hinders the understanding of its evolutionary significance in deep *** address this,we conducted taphonomic experiments to simulate the transformation process of black *** changes in the morphological structure,microscopic characteristics,and chemical composition of hair during the simulated fossilization process were documented by scanning electron microscopy,Fourier transform infrared(FTIR)spectroscopy,and Raman *** results revealed that damage to the morphology of hair began at a mild temperature(150–175℃),and hair transformed into a fluid-like mass at a relatively high temperature(200℃).In addition,the morphological structure of melanosomes had relatively greater preservation potential than keratins did,and the microscopic features of melanosomes were persistently *** Raman and FTIR spectra indicated that the characteristic melanin and keratin peaks changed as the temperature *** the chemical signals were not lost completely,the variations in the characteristic amide bands in the FTIR spectra indicate that the keratins severely degraded at high temperatures(>200℃),whereas the characteristic melanin bands in the Raman spectra suggested that melanin signals were still recognizable,even at high temperatures(>200℃).These results were confirmed by principal component analysis(PCA)and principal component analysis linear discriminant analysis(PCA–LDA).In addition,the Raman signals of all the samples in the simulated experiments were distinguished from the signals of common geological carbonaceous materials(humic acid),which suggested that Raman spectroscopy can be used to detect melanin in fossils.

关键词： Mammalian hair Melanin Keratin Fossilization Experimental taphonomy

Electronic modulation induced by coupling RuO2 with electron-donating Co3O4 for high-active and long-life rechargeable Zn-air batteries

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2025年第2期101卷 99-109页

作者： Xuena Ma Zhangxin Xu Mingyang Liu Panzhe Qiao Qi Li Ruihong Wang Baojiang Jiang Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic material Chemistry Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China School of Chemistry and Materials ScienceHeilongjiang University Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility Shanghai Advanced Research Institute Chinese Academy of Sciences

Electronic-state modulation strategy offers great potential in designing RuO2-based bifunctionalelectrocatalysts for rechargeable Zn-air batteries（ZABs）.Various three-dimensional（3D） transition metal oxides are attempted to couple with RuO2for constructing an appropriate Ru—O—M *** work aims to construct Co3O4-RuO2heterostructures on carbon sheets（Co3O4/RuO2/NCNS） for boosting electronic transfer and *** and theoretical calculations identify the electronic transfer from Co3O4to RuO2that modulates the electronic structure of metal surfaces/***,it leads to the increase in Co3+content,electron-rich state at RuO2surface and electronic accumulation at ***,this electronic-state modulation optimizes the d-band center in Co3O4/RuO2that lowers the reaction barriers and endows interfaces as the biggest contributor to oxygen reduction reaction（ORR） and oxygen evolution reaction（OER） performance,The Co3O4/RuO2/NCNS shows a quite low potential difference of 0.62 V and remarkable durability for ORR/***3O4/RuO2/NCNS-assembled ZABs exhibit an excellent specific capacity of 818.3 mA h g-1and a superior lifespan over 750 h.

关键词： Charge-discharge stability Co3O4-RuO2 heterostructure Electronic modulation Reaction energy barrier Zn-air battery

Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) in aqueous batteries (ABs):unlocking potential through innovative materials design

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science China Chemistry 2025年

作者： Bo Han Erhai Hu Bei-Er Jia Ziyang Liu Shuen Tso Afriyanti Sumboja Ivandini T.Anggraningrum Anne Zulfia Syahrial Qingyu Yan SCARCE Laboratory Energy Research Institute NTU (ERIN) Nanyang Technological University School of materials science and Engineering Nanyang Technological University material science and Engineering research group Faculty of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Institut Teknologi Bandung Department of Chemistry University of Indonesia Metallurgical & materials Engineering Department Fakultas Teknik Universitas Indonesia

Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) represent a revolutionary class of materials in the field of energy storage,particularly for aqueous batteries (ABs).Distinguished by their large surface area,tuneable porosity,and adaptable chemical activity,MOFs offer significant advantages over conventional materials in battery *** article provides a thorough analysis of the crucial role that MOFs play in improving the efficiency of *** includes a concise review of the current research progress,emphasizing the fundamental processes by which MOFs enhance electrochemical ***,the review examines the synthesis and design strategies for the structure of MOFs to maximize ion transport,improve conductivity,and enhance *** structural advantages,chemical versatility,stability,durability and functionalization potential of MOFs are comprehensively ***,we explore the distinct advantages of MOFs in overcoming common challenges encountered in ABs,such as declining capacity,inadequate cycling stability,and limited energy *** paper also highlights the future research directions needed to fully harness their *** goal is to develop a fundamental understanding and stimulate further progress in the use of MOFs for advanced energy storage solutions.

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Introducing strong metal–oxygen bonds to suppress the Jahn-Teller effect and enhance the structural stability of Ni/Co-free Mn-based layered oxide cathodes for potassium-ion batteries

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2025年第2期101卷 713-722页

作者： Yicheng Lin Shaohua Luo Pengyu Li Jun Cong Wei Zhao Lixiong Qian Qi Sun Shengxue Yan School of materials science and Engineering Northeastern University School of Resources and materials Northeastern University at Qinhuangdao Key Laboratory of Dielectric and Electrolyte Functional material Hebei Province

Mn-based layered oxides（KMO） have emerged as one of the promising low-cost cathodes for potassiumion batteries（PIBs）.However,due to the multiple-phase transitions and the distortion in the MnO6structure induced by the Jahn-Teller（JT） effect associated with Mn-ion,the cathode exhibits poor structural ***,we propose a strategy to enhance structural stability by introducing robust metal-oxygen（M-O） bonds,which can realize the pinning effect to constrain the distortion in the transition metal（TM） ***,all the elements employed have exceptionally high crustal *** a proof of concept,the designed K0.5Mn0.9Mg0.025Ti0.025Al0.05O2cathode exhibited a discharge capacity of approximately 100 mA h g-1at 20 mA g-1with 79% capacity retention over 50 cycles,and 73% capacity retention over 200 cycles at 200 mA g-1,showcased much better battery performance than the designed cathode with less robust M-O *** properties of the formed M-O bonds were investigated using theoretical *** enhanced dynamics,mitigated JT effect,and improved structural stability were elucidated through the in-situ X-ray diffractometer（XRD）,in-situ electrochemical impedance spectroscopy（EIS）(and distribution of relaxation times（DRT） method),and ex-situ X-ray absorption fine structure（XAFS） *** study holds substantial reference value for the future design of costeffective Mn-based layered cathodes for PIBs.

关键词： Jahn-Teller effect Layered oxide cathodes Low-cost Potassium-ion batteries Robust M–O bonds