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An Improved Practical Byzantine Fault-Tolerant Algorithm Based on XGBoost Grouping for Consortium Chains

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2025年第1期82卷 1295-1311页

作者： Xiaowei Wang Haiyang Zhang Jiasheng Zhang Yingkai Ge Kexin Cui Zifu Peng Zhengyi Li Lihua Wang College of Electronic and Information Engineering Shandong University of Science and TechnologyQingdao266590China

In response to the challenges presented by the unreliable identity of the master node,high communication overhead,and limited network support size within the Practical Byzantine Fault-Tolerant(PBFT)algorithm for consortium chains,we propose an improved PBFT algorithm based on XGBoost grouping called XG-PBFT in this ***-PBFT constructs a dataset by training important parameters that affect node performance,which are used as classification indexes for *** XGBoost algorithm then is employed to train the dataset,and nodes joining the system will be grouped according to the trained grouping *** them,the nodes with higher parameter indexes will be assigned to the consensus group to participate in the consensus,and the rest of the nodes will be assigned to the general group to receive the consensus *** order to reduce the resource waste of the system,XG-PBFT optimizes the consensus protocol for the problem of high complexity of PBFT ***,we evaluate the performance of *** experimental results show that XG-PBFT can significantly improve the performance of throughput,consensus delay and communication complexity compared to the original PBFT algorithm,and the performance enhancement is significant compared to other algorithms in the case of a larger number of *** results demonstrate that the XG-PBFT algorithm is more suitable for large-scale consortium chains.

关键词： Consortium chain PBFT grouping reputation XGBoost

Fast and robust production of quantum superposition states by the fractional shortcut to adiabaticity

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Communications in Theoretical Physics 2025年第1期77卷 54-64页

作者： Guan-Qiang Li Hao Guo Yu-Qi Zhang Bo Yang Ping Peng Department of Physics and Institute of Theoretical Physics Shaanxi University of Science and TechnologyXi'an 710021China

The fractional shortcut to adiabaticity(f-STA)for the production of quantum superposition states is proposed firstly via a three-level system with aΛ-type linkage pattern and a four-level system with a tripod *** fast and robust production of the coherent superposition states is studied by comparing the populations for the f-STA and the fractional stimulated Raman adiabatic passage(f-STIRAP).The states with equal proportions can be produced by fixing the controllable parameters of the driving pulses at the final moment of the whole *** effects of the pulse intensity and the time delay of the pulses on the production process are discussed by monitoring the populations on all of the quantum *** particular,the spontaneous emission arising from the intermediate state is investigated by the quantum master *** result reveals that the f-STA exhibits superior advantages over the f-STIRAP in producing the superposition states.

关键词： quantum population transfer shortcut to adiabaticity coherent superposition states dark states spontaneous emission

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Sunlight-induced Permanent Hair Dyeing

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Chinese Journal of Polymer science 2025年第2期43卷 261-270页

作者： Ting Zhang Bo Liang Jian-Hua Zhang Lei Yang Jun-Fei Hua Yi-Wen Li College of Polymer science and Engineering State Key Laboratoryof Polymer Materials EngineeringSichuan UniversityChengdu 60065China Schoolof Materials science and Engineering Hubei University of Automotive TechnologyShiyan 442002China School of Emergent Soft Matter South China University of TechnologyGuangzhou 510640China

Hair coloring has emerged as an integral part of the cosmetic industry,particularly in response to the increasing global aging *** natural melanin analog,polydopamine(PDA),has garnered considerable attention as an eco-friendly hair dye,and several kinds of polymerization ways of dopamine(DA)have been proposed including alkali catalysis,metal ion catalysis,strong oxidants,and enzyme-mediated oxidation reactions and *** the controllability of polymerization and potential toxicity of involved metal ions are still in *** by the photoprotective mechanism in human skin,we have developed the melanin-inspired hair dyeing strategy that allowed for the in situ oxidative polymerization of DA under ultraviolet(UV)*** polymerization was triggered by photobase generators(PBGs),a class of compounds that produced organic bases upon UV and sunlight *** resulting hair showed an adjustable color from light brown to black by tuning the ratio of DA and PBG(DA@PBG),the concentration of DA,and light exposure *** dyed hairs showed excellent washing resistance and superior anti-static ***,Hair Color Spray DA@PBG also demonstrated a desirable hair dyeing effect and excellent biosecurity by simply spraying it on the hair under *** novel sunlight-induced method provided a new direction towards the preparation of natural hair dyes and could promote the development of green and safe hair dyes in colorful and brilliant artistic-grade hair coloring.

关键词： Polydopamine Melanin Polymerization Hair dye Photo-initiation

Artificial intelligence advances drug delivery system and its clinical transition

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science Bulletin 2025年第3期70卷 305-308页

作者： Hui Wang Xiao-Yan You Guo-Ping Zhao master Lab for Innovative Application of Nature Products National Center of Technology Innovation for Synthetic BiologyTianjin Institute of Industrial BiotechnologyChinese Academy of Sciences(CAS)Tianjin 300308China Henan Engineering Research Center of Food Microbiology College of Food and BioengineeringHenan University of Science and TechnologyLuoyang 471023China Haihe Laboratory of Synthetic Biology Tianjin 300308China CAS-Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant SciencesShanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and EcologyChinese Academy of SciencesShanghai 200032China CAS Key Laboratory of Quantitative Engineering Biology Shenzhen Institute of Synthetic BiologyShenzhen Institute of Advanced TechnologyChinese Academy of SciencesShenzhen 518055China

Since November 2022,ChatGPT,an artificial intelligence(AI)chatbot,has rapidly captured global attention for its detailed responses and articulated answers across a broad spectrum of knowledge domains[1],[2].All industries will reorient around it,prompting a reevaluation of how this technology could further promote scientifical research and its clinical applications.

关键词： system transition spectrum

Leveraging ROTI map derived from Indonesian GNSS receiver network for advancing study of Equatorial Plasma Bubble in Southeast/East Asia

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Earth and Planetary Physics 2025年第1期9卷 101-116页

作者： Prayitno Abadi Ihsan N.Muafiry Teguh N.Pratama Angga Y.Putra Suraina Gatot H.Pramono Sidik T.Wibowo Febrylian F.Chabibi Umar A.Ahmad Wildan P.Tresna Asnawi Research Center for Climate and Atmosphere Indonesian National Research and Innovation Agency(BRIN)BandungIndonesia School of Electrical Engineering Telkom UniversityBandungIndonesia Directorate of Laboratory Management Facilities and science and technology Park Indonesian National Research and Innovation Agency(BRIN)PontianakIndonesia Geophysics Laboratory Master Program in PhysicsUniversitas Gadjah Mada(UGM)YogyakartaIndonesia Research Center for Space Indonesian National Research and Innovation Agency(BRIN)BandungIndonesia Indonesian Geospatial Information Agency(BIG) JakartaIndonesia Research Center for Photonics Indonesian National Research and Innovation Agency(BRIN)Tangerang SelatanIndonesia Department of Earth and Planetary sciences Hokkaido UniversitySapporoJapan

This paper highlights the crucial role of Indonesia’s GNSS receiver network in advancing Equatorial Plasma Bubble(EPB)studies in Southeast and East Asia,as ionospheric irregularities within EPB can disrupt GNSS signals and degrade positioning *** by the Indonesian Geospatial Information Agency(BIG),the Indonesia Continuously Operating Reference Station(Ina-CORS)network comprises over 300 GNSS receivers spanning equatorial to southern low-latitude ***-CORS is uniquely situated to monitor EPB generation,zonal drift,and dissipation across Southeast *** provide a practical tool for EPB research,by sharing two-dimensional rate of Total Electron Content(TEC)change index(ROTI)derived from this *** generate ROTI maps with a 10-minute resolution,and samples from May 2024 are publicly available for further scientific *** preliminary findings from the ROTI maps of Ina-CORS are ***,the Ina-CORS ROTI maps reveal that the irregularities within a broader EPB structure persist longer,increasing the potential for these irregularities to migrate farther ***,we demonstrate that combined ROTI maps from Ina-CORS and GNSS receivers in East Asia and Australia can be used to monitor the development of ionospheric irregularities in Southeast and East *** have demonstrated the combined ROTI maps to capture the development of ionospheric irregularities in the Southeast/East Asian sector during the G5 Geomagnetic Storm on May 11,*** observed simultaneous ionospheric irregularities in Japan and Australia,respectively propagating northwestward and southwestward,before midnight,whereas Southeast Asia’s equatorial and low-latitude regions exhibited irregularities *** sharing ROTI maps from Indonesia and integrating them with regional GNSS networks,researchers can conduct comprehensive EPB studies,enhancing the understanding of EPB behavior across Southeast and East Asia and contributing significantly to ionosphe

关键词： Equatorial Plasma Bubble(EPB) GNSS receivers’network Indonesia Continuously Operating Reference Station(Ina-CORS) ionospheric map Rate of TEC change index(ROTI)map

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Deciphering the toxic effects of polystyrene nanoparticles on erythropoiesis at single-cell resolution

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Zoological Research 2025年第01期 165-176页

作者： Eun Jung Kwon Hyeon Mi Sung Hansong Lee Soyul Ahn Yejin Kim Chae Rin Lee Kihun Kim Kyungjae Myung Won Kyu Kim Dokyoung Kim Sanghwa Jeong Chang-Kyu Oh Yun Hak Kim Medical Research Institute Pusan National University Institute for Future Earth Pusan National University Department of Convergence Medical sciences School of Medicine Pusan National University Department of Biomedical Informatics School of Medicine Pusan National University Department of Anatomy School of Medicine Pusan National University Center for Genomic Integrity Institute for Basic Science Department of Biomedical Engineering College of Information-Bio Convergence Engineering Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology Natural Product Research Center Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST) Department of Convergence Medicine Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine Natural Product Applied science KIST School University of Science and Technology (UST) Department of Biomedical science Graduate School Kyung Hee University Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology College of Medicine Kyung Hee University Department of Precision Medicine Graduate School Kyung Hee University Center for Converging Humanities Kyung Hee University KHU-KIST Department of Converging science and technology Kyung Hee University UC San Diego Materials Research science and Engineering Center Medical Research Center for Bioreaction to Reactive Oxygen Species and Biomedical science Institute Core Research Institute (CRI)Kyung Hee University Center for Brain technology Brain Science Institute Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST) School of Biomedical Convergence Engineering Pusan National University Department of Biochemistry School of Medicine Pusan National University

Polystyrene nanoparticles pose significant toxicological risks to aquatic ecosystems, yet their impact on zebrafish(Danio rerio) embryonic development, particularly erythropoiesis, remains underexplored. This study used single-cell RNA sequencing to comprehensively evaluate the effects of polystyrene nanoparticle exposure on erythropoiesis in zebrafish embryos. In vivo validation experiments corroborated the transcriptomic findings,revealing that polystyrene nanoparticle exposure disrupted erythrocyte differentiation, as evidenced by the decrease in mature erythrocytes and concomitant increase in immature erythrocytes. Additionally, impaired heme synthesis further contributed to the diminished erythrocyte *** findings underscore the toxic effects of polystyrene nanoparticles on hematopoietic processes, highlighting their potential to compromise organismal health in aquatic environments.

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A Plasma Injection Ion Source for Photoelectron Imaging of Metal-Containing Anions

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Chinese Journal of Chemical Physics 2025年第1期38卷 1-7,I0055页

作者： Shaowen Feng Zhen Li Wenli Liu Qiang Zhang Yang Chen Dongfeng Zhao Hefei National Research Center for Physical sciences at the Microscale and Department of Chemical PhysicsUniversity of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei 230026China

A plasma injection ion source has been de-veloped for the photoelectron velocity imag-ing studies of metal-containing *** source employs a pulse discharge nozzle for generating a plasma beam that perpendicu-larly crosses the master supersonic jet beam from a home-made pulsed piezo *** discharge nozzle is designed for high voltage gas discharge with efficient metal sputtering of the cathode,and thus plays a role in met-al atom and ion *** jet-cooled anions can be produced in the master gas jet via reactions of the plasma *** source is integrated into a photoelectron ve-locity imaging *** mass spectrometry experiments show that the ion source can efficiently produce transition metal containing anions,such as FeO_(m)^(-),CuO_(m)^(-),CuC_(n)^(-),CuC_(n)O_(m)^(-).The photoelectron imaging results by photodetachment of O-show that the pho-toelectron energy resolution of the whole instrument isΔE/E≈2.3%,and the results of FeO^(-)indicate that internal temperatures of anions from the source could be efficiently cooled down.

关键词： Anion source Pulsed piezo valve Photoelectron imaging

Next-to-next-to-leading order QCD■EW corrections to Z-boson pair production at electron-positron colliders

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Chinese Physics C 2025年第1期49卷 80-94页

作者： Zhe Li Ren-You Zhang Shu-Xiang Li Xiao-Feng Wang Pan-Feng Li Yi Jiang Liang Han Qing-hai Wang State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics University of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei 230026China Department of Modern Physics University of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei 230026China Anhui Center for Fundamental sciences in Theoretical Physics University of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei 230026China Department of Physics National University of SingaporeSingapore 117551Singapore

We present a comprehensive analytic calculation of the next-to-next-to-leading order QCD■EW corrections to Z-boson pair production at electron-positron *** two-loop master integrals essential to this calculation are evaluated using the differential equation *** this paper,we detail the formulation and solution of the canonical differential equations for the two-loop three-point master integrals with two on-shell Z-boson external legs and a massive internal quark in the *** canonical master integrals are systematically expanded as a Taylor series in the dimensional regulator,ε=(4-d)/2,up to the order of ε^(4),with coefficients expressed in terms of Goncharov polylogarithms up to weight *** applying our analytic expressions of these master integrals to the phenomenological analysis of Z-pair production,we observe that the O(aa_(s))corrections manifest at a level of approximately one percent when compared to the leading-order predictions,underscoring their significance for comparisons with future high-precision experimental data.

关键词： Z-boson pair production NNLO QCD■EW corrections canonical differential equations Goncharovpolylogarithms

Effects of macrophages on the osteogenic differentiation of adipose tissue-derived stem cells in two-dimensional and three-dimensional cocultures

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World Journal of Stem Cells 2025年第2期17卷 84-95页

作者： He-Ao Zhang Bo-Yu Zhang Hong-Bo Tang Department of Plastic and cosmetic Surgery Tongji HospitalTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan 430030Hubei ProvinceChina

BACKGROUND Fracture is one of the most pervasive injuries in the musculoskeletal system,and there is a complex interaction between macrophages and adipose tissue-derived stem cells(ADSCs)in fracture ***,two-dimensional(2D)coculture of macrophages and ADSCs can not accurately mimic the in vivo cell *** To establish both 2D and 3D osteogenic coculture models to investigate the interaction between macrophages and *** After obtaining ADSCs from surgery and inducing differentiation of the THP1 cell line,we established 2D and 3D osteogenic coculture *** assess the level of osteogenic differentiation,we used alizarin red staining and measured the relative expression levels of osteogenic differentiation markers osteocalcin,Runt-related transcription factor 2,and alkaline phosphatase through polymerase chain *** was conducted by analyzing the expression changes of N-cadherin and the activation of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway using western *** In this study,it was discovered that macrophages in 3D culture inhibited osteogenic differentiation of ADSCs,contrary to the effect in 2D *** observation confirmed the significance of intricate intercellular connections in the 3D culture ***,the 3D culture group exhibited significantly higher N-cadherin expression and showed reducedβ-catenin and Wnt1 protein levels compared to the 2D culture *** Macrophages promoted ADSC osteogenic differentiation in 2D culture conditions but inhibited it in 3D *** 3D culture environment might inhibit the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway by upregulating N-cadherin expression,ultimately hindering the osteogenic differentiation of *** investigating the process of osteogenesis in ADSCs,this study provides novel ideas for exploring 3D osteogenesis in ADSCs,fracture repair,and other bone trauma repair.

关键词： Fracture Adipose tissue-derived stem cells Osteogenic differentiation Three-dimensional cell culture N-cadherin