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Functional dissimilarity in mixed forests promotes stem radial growth by mitigating tree water deficit

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National Science Review 2024年第3期11卷 55-57页

作者：张宏图艾尤尔.亥热提白云旻郭焱培李珊 Bernhard Schmid Helge Bruelheide 马克平唐志尧 Institute of Ecology College of Urban and Environmental Sciences and Key Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes of Ministry of EducationPeking University College of Geography and Tourism Xinjiang Normal University State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change Institute of BotanyChinese Academy of Sciences Department of Geography Remote Sensing LaboratoriesUniversity of Zurich Institute of Biology/Geobotany and Botanical Garden Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research(iDiv)halle-Jena-Leipzig

Tree growth is a key component of forest ecosystem functioning and is wellknown to be limited by water availability[1]. It is acknowledged that composition and diversity of co-occurring tree species can mitigate the influence of drought on tree growth through the resource complementarity for water use via niche partitioning and facilitation between different species [2,3].

关键词： RESILIENCE

Machine learning guided high-throughput search of non-oxide garnets

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npj Computational Materials 2023年第1期9卷 1717-1725页

作者： Jonathan Schmidt Hai-Chen Wang Georg Schmidt Miguel A.L.Marques Institut für Physik Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-WittenbergD-06099 HalleGermany

Garnets have found important applications in modern technologies including magnetorestriction,spintronics,lithium batteries,etc.The overwhelming majority of experimentally known garnets are oxides,while explorations(experimental or theoretical)for the rest of the chemical space have been limited in scope.A key issue is that the garnet structure has a large primitive unit cell,requiring a substantial amount of computational resources.To perform a comprehensive search of the complete chemical space for new garnets,we combine recent progress in graph neural networks with high-throughput calculations.We apply the machine learning model to identify the potentially(meta-)stable garnet systems before performing systematic density-functional calculations to validate the predictions.We discover more than 600 ternary garnets with distances to the convex hull below 100 meV⋅atom−1.This includes sulfide,nitride,and halide garnets.We analyze their electronic structure and discuss the connection between the value of the electronic band gap and charge balance.

关键词： structure sulfide oxides

Intestinal autotransplantation:the next level of complexity in locally advanced pancreatic cancer

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Hepatobiliary Surgery and Nutrition 2023年第4期12卷 604-606页

作者： Artur Rebelo Jorg Kleeff Department of Visceral Vascular and Endocrine SurgeryUniversity Hospital Halle(Saale)Martin-Luther-University Halle-WittenbergHalleGermany

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma(PDAC)remains a devastating disease,and selecting patients who might benefit from complex arterial resection continues to be a challenge.However,in the era of modern multimodal treatments,surgery for pancreatic cancer has become increasingly safe.Neoadjuvant chemotherapy regimens such as modified-FOLFIRINOX(mFOLFIRINOX)and nab-paclitaxel/gemcitabine are effective in a significant proportion of patients.

关键词： Pancreatic cancer with intestinal autotransplantation locally advanced arterial resection

Overcoming unintended immunogenicity in immunocompetent mouse models of metastasis:the case of GFP

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Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy 2022年第4期7卷 949-950页

作者： Christoph Schultheiß Mascha Binder Department of Internal Medicine IV Oncology/HematologyMartin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg06120 HalleSaaleGermany

The applicability of immune-competent mice to model metastatic tumor progression is limited by the immunogenicity of exogenous proteins like GFP and firefly(ff)luciferase commonly used to track metastatic cells.A recent work published in Cancer Cell by Grzelak and colleagues now shows that development of mouse models that have been centrally tolerized to GFP can overcome this obstacle in transplantation models of metastasis.

关键词： metastasis metastatic immunogenicity

A small number of male-biased candidate pheromone receptors are expressed in large subsets of the olfactory sensory neurons in the antennae of drones from the European honey bee Apis mellifera

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Insect Science 2022年第3期29卷 749-766页

作者： Joerg Fleischer Alexander Rausch Kathrin Dietze Silvio Erler Sina Cassau Jurgen Krieger martin luther university halle-wittenberg Institute of Biologyl ZoologyDepartment of Animal PhysiologyHalle(Saale) Institute for Bee Protection Julius Kuhn Institute(JKI)-Federal Research Centre for Cultivated PlantsBraunschweigGermany

In the European honey bee(Apis mellifera),the olfactory system is essential for foraging and intraspecific communication via pheromones.Honey bees are equipped with a large repertoire of olfactory receptors belonging to the insect odorant receptor(OR)family.Previous studies have indicated that the transcription level of a few OR types including OR11,a receptor activated by the queen-released pheromone compound(2£)-9-oxodecenoic acid(9-ODA),is significantly higher in the antenna of males(drones)than in female workers.However,the number and distribution of antennal cells expressing male-biased ORs is elusive.Here,we analyzed antennal sections from bees by in situ hybridization for the expression of the male-biased receptors OR11,OR18,and OR170.Our results demonstrate that these receptors are expressed in only moderate numbers of cells in the antennae of females(workers and queens),whereas substantially higher cell numbers express these ORs in drones.Thus,the reported male-biased transcript levels are due to sex-specific differences in the number of antennal cells expressing these receptors.Detailed analyses for OR11 and OR18 in drone antennae revealed expression in two distinct subsets of olfactory sensory neurons(OSNs)that in total account for approximately 69%of the OR-positive cells.Such high percentages of OSNs expressing given receptors are reminiscent of male-biased ORs in moths that mediate the detection of female-released sex pheromone components.Collectively,our findings indicate remarkable similarities between male antennae of bees and moths and support the concept that male-biased ORs in bee drones serve the detection of female-emitted sex pheromones.

关键词： chemosensory odorant receptor olfaction pheromone detection sensilla placodea

Superconductivity in antiperovskites

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npj Computational Materials 2022年第1期8卷 1424-1433页

作者： Noah Hoffmann Tiago F.T.Cerqueira Jonathan Schmidt Miguel A.L.Marques Institut für Physik Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-WittenbergD-06099HalleGermany CFisUC Department of PhysicsUniversity of CoimbraRua Larga3004-516CoimbraPortugal

We present a comprehensive theoretical study of conventional superconductivity in cubic antiperovskites materials with composition XYZ_(3) where X and Z are metals,and Y is H,B,C,N,O,and P.Our starting point are electron–phonon calculations for 397 materials performed with density-functional perturbation theory.While 43%of the materials are dynamically unstable,we discovered 16 compounds close to thermodynamic stability and with T_(c) higher than 5 K.Using these results to train interpretable machine-learning models,leads us to predict a further 57(thermodynamically unstable)materials with superconducting transition temperatures above 5 K,reaching a maximum of 17.8 K for PtHBe3.Furthermore,the models give us an understanding of the mechanism of superconductivity in antiperovskites.The combination of traditional approaches with interpretable machine learning turns out to be a very efficient methodology to study and systematize whole classes of materials and is easily extendable to other families of compounds or physical properties.

关键词： properties theory perovskite

Searching for ductile superconducting Heusler X_(2)YZ compounds

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npj Computational Materials 2023年第1期9卷 919-927页

作者： Noah Hoffmann Tiago F.T.Cerqueira Pedro Borlido Antonio Sanna Jonathan Schmidt Miguel A.L.Marques Institut für Physik Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-WittenbergD-06099 HalleGermany CFisUC Department of PhysicsUniversity of CoimbraRua Larga 3004-516 CoimbraPortugal Max-Planck-Institut für Mikrostrukturphysik Weinberg 2D-06120 HalleGermany

Heusler compounds attract a great deal of attention from researchers thanks to a wealth of interesting properties,among which is superconductivity.Here we perform an extensive study of the superconducting and elastic properties of the cubic(full-)Heusler family using a mixture of ab initio methods,as well as interpretable and predictive machine-learning models.By analyzing the statistical distributions of these properties and comparing them to anti-perovskites,we recognize universal behaviors that should be common to all conventional superconductors while others turn out to be specific to the material family.In total,we discover a total of eight hypothetical materials with critical temperatures above 10 K to be compared with the current record of T_(c)=4.7 K in this family.Furthermore,we expect most of these materials to be highly ductile,making them potential candidates for the manufacture of wires and tapes for superconducting magnets.

关键词： ductile compounds superconducting

The first N-ligand assisted Pd catalyzed asymmetric synthesis of 3-arylsuccinimides as novel antifungal leads

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Organic Chemistry Frontiers 2022年第1期9卷 183-189页

作者： Jixing Lai Juan Yang Chen Yang RenéCsuk Baoan Song Shengkun Li Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural BioengineeringMinistry of EducationGuizhou UniversityHuaxi DistrictGuiyang 550025China Organic Chemistry Martin-Luther-University Halle-WittenbergKurt-Mothes-Str.2D-06120 Halle(Saale)Germany

The first palladium/chiral nitrogenous ligand-catalyzed enantioselective addition of aryl boronic acids to various maleimides was reported.This protocol features mild conditions combined with good functional group tolerance.The resultant 3-arylsuccinimides were shown to be novel chiral antifungal leads and inspired the discovery of novel ligands to address the challenging issues of this transformation.

关键词： catalyzed chiral palladium

Visceral debranching followed by chemotherapy and resection for locally advanced pancreatic cancer with arterial invasion: case report

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胰腺病学杂志(英文) 2022年第3期05卷 134-136页

作者： Ronellenfitsch Ulrich Rebelo Artur Kleeff Jorg Department of Visceral Vascular and Endocrine Surgery 3. university Hospital halle (Saale) 4. martin-luther-university halle-wittenberg 5. halle (Saale) 6. Germany

The oncological outcome of patients with locally advanced pancreatic cancer continues to be dismal. Abutment or invasion of visceral arteries, which constitutes irresectability according to the consensus of the International Association of Pancreatology and can be found in a considerable proportion of patients upon initial diagnosis, usually precludes complete resection in curative intent. Simultaneous tumor resection and arterial reconstruction are associated with relevant morbidity and mortality. Here, we present a case in which a therapeutic split was done so that isolated arterial reconstruction (visceral debranching with an iliacohepatic bypass graft) preceded neoadjuvant FOLFIRINOX chemotherapy and subsequent multivisceral tumor resection. Despite several perioperative vascular complications, which were addressed by surgical and endovascular techniques, the patient had a favorable outcome of the operations and is tumor-free after 8 months of follow-up. The feasibility and safety of this novel therapeutic strategy of a therapeutic split with isolated visceral debranching as the first treatment step is currently evaluated in a clinical trial (PREVADER, NCT04136769).

关键词： Arterial reconstruction Pancreatic cancer Preoperative chemotherapy Therapeutic split