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Jasmonates differentially affect interconnected signal-transduction pathways of Pieris rapae-induced defenses in Arabidopsis thaliana

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Insect Science 2011年第3期18卷 249-258页

作者： Tjeerd A.L. Snoeren Colette Broekgaarden Marcel Dicke Laboratory of Entomology Wageningen UniversityWageningen University and Research Centre 6708PB Wageningen the Netherlands Plant research International Wageningen University and Research Centre 6708PB Wageningen the Netherlands

The jasmonic acid （JA） pathway is the main signal-transduction pathway induced by insect folivory. Mutant plants affected in the jasmonate pathway （18：0 and/or 16：0-oxylipin routes） were studied to assess the effects of JA and its oxylipin intermediates 12-oxophytodienoic acid （OPDA） and dinor-OPDA （dnOPDA） on interconnected signal- transduction pathways that underlie induced defenses in Arabidopsis. Our data show that the oxylipin jasmonates dnOPDA, OPDA and JA have different roles in defense signaling induced after feeding by the chewing-biting caterpillar Pieris rapae. Jasmonic acid, and not OPDA or dnOPDA, is the major signaling compound required for the induction of the defense-related genes LOX2 （Lipo：~vgenase 2）, OPR3 （12-Oxophytodienoate reductase 3）, ACX1 （Acyl-CoA oxidase 1） and PAL1 （Phenvlalanine ammonia-lyase 1）. Monitoring PAL1 transcript levels clearly showed that accumulation of JA upon P rapae feeding results in the induction of the salicylic acid pathway. Furthermore, JA is the major signaling compound required for the P rapae-induced expression of the defense-related gene HPL1 （Hydroperoxide lyase 1）. The jasmonate dnOPDA influences the induction of the HPk- branch as well, yet its effect is antagonistic to the effect of JA. Our data show that these jasmonates may be used to fine-tune Arabidopsis＇ herbivore-induced responses in terms of the HPL-branch from the oxylipin pathway.

关键词： gene transcript level herbivory Lepidoptera mutants oxylipin qRT-PCR

Vegetable Production After Flooded Rice Improves Soil Properties in the Red River Delta, Vietnam

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Pedosphere 2015年第1期25卷 130-139页

作者： Arij P.EVERAARTS Jacques J.NEETESON Pham T.T.HUONG Paul C.STRUIK Applied Plant research Wageningen University and Research Centre Plant research International Wageningen University and Research Centre Field Crop research Institute Hai Duong and Hanoi University of Agriculture centre for Crop Systems Analysis Wageningen University

Vegetable production in South East Asia often is in rotation with flooded rice. The puddling of the soil with flooded rice production may result in unfavourable soil conditions for the subsequent production of dry land crops. To establish whether permanent vegetable production results in favourable soil conditions for vegetables, the effects of five different permanent vegetable production systems and a system of vegetable production in rotation with flooded rice on soil properties after flooded rice were studied in a 2-year field experiment. Bulk density at 0.05–0.10 m depth layer decreased with permanent vegetable production and vegetable production in rotation with flooded rice. The decrease in bulk density was influenced by the application of organic manure and rice husks, and especially by the number of crops cultivated, suggesting that frequency of soil tillage had a major effect on bulk density. Ploughing with buffalo traction after flooded rice, in combination with construction of raised beds, could reduce or totally eliminate negative effects of puddling on soil structure. Bulk density at 0.15–0.20 m soil depth was not influenced. Soil acidity decreased significantly in all systems. Soil organic carbon increased in all systems, but significant increase was only found in two permanent vegetable production systems. Available phosphorus(P) significantly increased in two permanent vegetable production systems, with a positively correlation to the amount of P applied. The significant decrease in bulk density and increase in p H(H2O), after only 2 years, showed that soil conditions after flooded rice could be improved in a short time under intensive vegetable production.

关键词： available phosphorus bulk density organic carbon puddling soil fertility soil improvement

Amylopectin structure and crystallinity explains variation in digestion kinetics of starches across botanic sources in an in vitro pig model

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2019年第1期10卷 115-127页

作者： Bianca M.J.Martens Walter J.J.Gerrits Erik M.A.M.Bruininx Henk A.Schols Laboratory of Food Chemistry Wageningen University and Research Animal Nutrition group Wageningen University and Research Royal Agrifirm group Agrifirm North West Europe

Background: Starch is the main source of energy in commonly used pig *** effects related to the extent of starch digestion,also several effects related to variation in digestion rate have recently been demonstrated in *** rates of starch digestion in animals and in in vitro models have been reported,depending on the botanic origin of *** from different botanic sources differ widely in structural and molecular *** the effect of starch properties on in vitro digestion kinetics based on existing literature is hampered by incomplete characterization of the starches,or by a selective choice of starches from a limited number of botanic *** research aimed to analyse the relationships between starch properties and in vitro digestion kinetics of pure starches isolated from a broad range of botanic origins,which are used in non-ruminant diets or have a potential to be used in the *** we studied starch digestion kinetics of potato,pea,corn,rice,barley,and wheat starches,and analysed the granule diameter,number of pores,type and amount of crystalline structure,amylose content and amylopectin side-chain length of all ***: Multivariate analysis revealed strong correlations among starch properties,leading us to conclude that effects of most starch characteristics are strongly *** all analysed botanic sources,crystalline type and amylopectin chain length showed the strongest correlation with in vitro digestion *** percentages of A–type crystalline structure and amylopectin side chains of DP 6–24 both increased the rate of *** addition,within,but not across,(clusters of) botanic sources,a decrease in amylose content and increase in number of pores correlated positively with digestion ***: The type of crystalline structure and amylopectin chain length distribution of starch correlate significantly with digestion kinetics of starches ac

关键词： Amylopectin side chain distribution Amylose Granule diameter In vitro digestion kinetics Pores

Impact of post-ruminally infused macronutrients on bovine mammary gland expression of genes involved in fatty acid synthesis, energy metabolism, and protein synthesis measured in RNA isolated from milk fat

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2020年第4期11卷 1220-1231页

作者： Kelly Nichols AndréBannink Jurgen van Baal Jan Dijkstra Animal Nutrition group Wageningen University and ResearchPO Box 3386700AHWageningenthe Netherlands wageningen Livestock research Wageningen University and ResearchPO Box 3386700AHWageningenthe Netherlands

Background: Characterising the regulation of milk component synthesis in response to macronutrient supply is critical for understanding the implications of nutritional interventions on milk production. Gene expression in mammary gland secretory cells was measured using RNA isolated from milk fat globules from 6 Holstein-Friesian cows receiving 5-d abomasal infusions of saline, essential amino acids(AA), or glucose(GG) or palm olein(LG)without(LAA) or with(HAA) essential AA, according to a 6 × 6 Latin square design. RNA was isolated from milk fat samples collected on d 5 of infusion and subjected to real-time quantitative PCR. We hypothesised that m RNA expression of genes involved in de novo milk fatty acid(FA) synthesis would be differently affected by GG and LG,and that expression of genes regulating transfer of tricarboxylic acid cycle intermediates would increase at the HAA level. We also hypothesised that the HAA level would affect genes regulating endoplasmic reticulum(ER)homeostasis but would not affect genes related to the mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1(m TORC1) or the integrated stress response(ISR) ***: Infusion of GG did not affect de novo milk FA yield but decreased expression of FA synthase(FASN).Infusion of LG decreased de novo FA yield and tended to decrease expression of acetyl-Co A carboxylase 1(ACC1).The HAA level increased both de novo FA yield and expression of ACC1, and tended to decrease expression of mitochondrial phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase(PCK2). m RNA expression of m TORC1 signaling participants was not affected by GG, LG, or AA level. Expression of the ε subunit of the ISR constituent eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 B(EIF2 B5) tended to increase at the HAA level, but only in the presence of LG. X-box binding protein 1(XBP1) m RNA was activated in response to LG and the HAA ***: Results show that expression of genes involved in de novo FA synthesis responded to glucogenic,lipogenic, and

关键词： Cytoplasmic crescent Endoplasmic reticulum biogenesis Mammary cell Milk fat globule Milk synthesis Tricarboxylic acid cycle

Dietary supplementation of zinc oxide modulates intestinal functionality during the post-weaning period in clinically healthy piglets

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2024年第1期15卷 313-328页

作者： Dirkjan Schokker Soumya K.Kar Els Willems Alex Bossers Ruud A.Dekker Alfons J.M.Jansman wageningen Bioveterinary research LelystadThe Netherlands wageningen Livestock research Wageningen University&ResearchWageningenThe Netherlands Royal Agrifirm group ApeldoornThe Netherlands Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences Utrecht UniversityUtrechtThe Netherlands

Background To improve our understanding of host and intestinal microbiome interaction,this research investigated the effects of a high-level zinc oxide in the diet as model intervention on the intestinal microbiome and small intestinal functionality in clinically healthy post-weaning *** study 1,piglets received either a high concentration of zinc(Zn)as zinc oxide(Zn O,Zn,2,690 mg/kg)or a low Zn concentration(100 mg/kg)in the diet during the post weaning period(d 14–23).The effects on the piglet's small intestinal microbiome and functionality of intestinal tissue were *** study 2,the impact of timing of the dietary zinc intervention was investigated,i.e.,between d 0–14 and/or d 14–23 post weaning,and the consecutive effects on the piglet's intestinal functionality,here referring to microbiota composition and diversity and gene expression *** Differences in the small intestinal functionality were observed during the post weaning period between piglets receiving a diet with a low or high concentration Zn O content.A shift in the microbiota composition in the small intestine was observed that could be characterized as a non-pathological change,where mainly the commensals *** the immediate post weaning period,i.e.,d 0–14,the highest number of differentially expressed genes(DEGs)in intestinal tissue were observed between animals receiving a diet with a low or high concentration Zn O content,i.e.,23 DEGs in jejunal tissue and 11 DEGs in ileal *** genes are involved in biological processes related to immunity and inflammatory *** example,genes CD59 and REG3G were downregulated in the animals receiving a diet with a high concentration Zn O content compared to low Zn O content in both jejunum and ileum *** the second study,a similar result was obtained regarding the expression of genes in intestinal tissue related to immune pathways when comparing piglets receiving a diet with a high concentration Zn O con

关键词： Immune system Intestinal functionality Microbiota Piglets Zinc oxide

Multispecies hybridization in birds

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Avian research 2019年第3期10卷 239-249页

作者： Jente Ottenburghs Resource Ecology group Wageningen University Department of Ecology and Genetics Evolutionary Biology Centre Uppsala University

Hybridization is not always limited to two species;often multiple species are interbreeding. In birds, there are numerous examples of species that hybridize with multiple other species. The advent of genomic data provides the oppotunity to investigate the ecological and evolutionary consequences of multispecies hybridization. The interactions between several hybridizing species can be depicted as a network in which the interacting species are connected by edges. Such hybrid networks can be used to identify ‘hub-species’ that interbreed with multiple other species. Avian examples of such ‘hub-species’ are Common Pheasant (Phasianus colchicus), Mallard (Anas platyrhynchos) and European Herring Gull (Larus argentatus). These networks might lead to the formulation of hypotheses, such as which connections are most likely conducive to interspecific gene flow (i.e. introgression). Hybridization does not necessarily result in introgression. Numerous statistical tests are available to infer interspecific gene flow from genetic data and the majority of these tests can be applied in a multispecies setting. Specifically, model-based approaches and phylogenetic networks are promising in the detection and characterization of multispecies introgression. It remains to be determined how common multispecies introgression in birds is and how often this process fuels adaptive changes. Moreover, the impact of multispecies hybridization on the build-up of reproductive isolation and the architecture of genomic landscapes remains elusive. For example, introgression between certain species might contribute to increased divergence and reproductive isolation between those species and other related species. In the end, a multispecies perspective on hybridization in combination with network approaches will lead to important insights into the history of life on this planet.

关键词： Adaptation Admixture Genomics Introgression Network analysis Phylogenetics Speciation

Effects of pyrethroid and organophosphate insecticides on reared black soldier fly larvae(Hermetia illucens)

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Insect Science 2024年第3期31卷 817-834页

作者： Nathan Meijer Lisa Zoet Theo de Rijk Paul Zomer Deborah Rjkers H.J.van der Fels-Klerx Joop J.A.van Loon wageningen Food Safety research(WFSR) Part of Wageningen University and ResearchWageningenThe Netherlands Bestico B.V. Industrieweg 6Berkel en RodenrjsThe Netherlands Plant Sciences group Laboratory of EntomologyWageningen UniversityWageningenTheNetherlands

Black soldier fly larvae(Hermetia illucens)receive growing interest as a potential alternative animal feed *** insects may be exposed to insecticide residues in the rearing *** study aimed to investigate the effects of six different pyrethroid and organophosphate insecticides on this insect species'*** toxicity of two"model"substances for each of these classes(cypermethrin;pirimiphosmethyl)was quantified,with and without the synergist piperonyl butoxide(PBO).Critical effect doses corresponding to 10%yield(CED10)for cypermethrin(0.4 mg/kg)and pirimiphos-methyl(4.8 mg/kg)were *** addition of PBO to cypermethrin enhanced its relative potency with a factor *** data were compared against the relative toxicity of two analogue substances in each class(permethrin,deltamethrin;chlorpyrifosmethyl,malathion).Results suggest that exposure to concentrations complying with legal limits can cause significant reductions in *** to multiple substances at lower concentrations resulted in negative additive and synergistic *** the tested substances,deltamethrin was most toxic,causing 94%yield at 0.5 mg/*** results suggested that transfer of tested substances to the larval biomass was substance-and concentration-specific,but appeared to be correlated to reduced yields and the presence of *** of organophosphates was overall low(<2%),but ranged from 8%to 75%for *** to very low limits in insect biomass(~0.01 mg/kg),high transfer may result in *** is recommended that rearing companies implement lower contractual thresholds,and that policymakers consider adjusting legally allowed maximum residue levels in insect feed.

关键词： feed insects pesticides rearing substrate

Effects of undigested protein-rich ingredients on polarised small intestinal organoid monolayers

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2020年第4期11卷 1026-1032页

作者： Soumya K.Kar Bart van der Hee Linda M.P.Loonen Nico Taverne Johanna J.Taverne-Thiele Dirkjan Schokker Mari A.Smits Alfons J.M.Jansman Jerry M.Wells Host Microbe Interactomics group Wageningen University&ResearchDe Elst 16708 WD WageningenThe Netherlands Laboratory of Microbiology Wageningen University&ResearchStippeneng 46708 WE WageningenThe Netherlands wageningen Livestock research Wageningen University&ResearchDe Elst 16708 WD WageningenThe Netherlands

Here, we describe the use of monolayers of intestinal epithelial cells derived from intestinal organoids and transcriptomics to investigate the direct effects of dietary protein sources on epithelial function. Mechanically dissociated 3 D organoids of mouse duodenum were used to generate a polarized epithelium containing all cell types found in the tissue of origin. The organoid-derived cell monolayers were exposed to 4%(w/v) of ‘undigested(non-hydrolysed)-soluble' fraction of protein sources used as feed ingredients [soybean meal(SBM) and casein], or alternative protein sources(spray dried plasma protein, and yellow meal worm), or controls for 6 h prior to RNA isolation and transcriptomics. All protein sources altered expression of unique biological processes in the epithelial cells. Exposure of intestinal organoids to SBM downregulated expression of retinol and retinoid metabolic processes as well as cholesterol and lipid biosynthetic pathways, consistent with the reported hypotriglyceridaemic effect of soy protein in vivo. These findings support the use of intestinal organoids as models to evaluate complex interactions between dietary ingredients and the intestinal epithelium and highlights some unique host effects of alternative protein sources in animal feed and potentially human food.

关键词： Alternative protein sources Casein Intestinal organoids Organoids Soybean meal Spray dried plasma protein Transcriptomics Yellow meal worm

食物消费与肥胖——基于食物特点的消费者分层研究

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中国农村观察 2008年第4期 35-40,61页

作者：何宇纳张晓勇 Hans Dagevos Ivovander Lans 翟凤英中国疾病预防控制中心营养与食品安全所 LEI-wageningen university and research centre the Netherlands marketing and consumer behaviour group-wageningen university and research centre the Netherlands

本文结合当今中国最突出的现象——日益增长的消费者社会和快速上升的肥胖流行趋势,利用2002年中国居民营养与健康状况调查资料,采用因子分析和聚类分析相结合的方法,将消费者按照食物消费特点进行分层,结果得到4个不同的膳食特点的消... 详细信息

本文结合当今中国最突出的现象——日益增长的消费者社会和快速上升的肥胖流行趋势,利用2002年中国居民营养与健康状况调查资料,采用因子分析和聚类分析相结合的方法,将消费者按照食物消费特点进行分层,结果得到4个不同的膳食特点的消费群体,即"黄土高坡"、"江南水乡"、"小康之家"、"西洋情调"。本文比较了各类膳食特点人群的肥胖率及社会人口学特点,结果显示,处于社会经济状况较好的"小康之家"和"西洋情调"组由于膳食中较高比例的动物性食物的摄入,超重和肥胖率最高;中等生活水平的"江南水乡"组由于较为平衡的膳食结构,超重和肥胖率最低;而社会经济状况较差的"黄土高坡"人群,膳食质量较差,但超重和肥胖率却较高,是应特别引起关注的人群。

关键词：食物消费肥胖膳食结构消费者分层