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marine disaster prevention and integrated coastal zone management

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海洋预报 2001年第z1期18卷 86-94页

作者： Fuxiang Xu(许富祥) Fengyu Wei(韦锋余) National marine environment Forecasting Center.Beijing，China National marine environment Forecasting Center.Beijing，China

Ocean is home town of wind and rain, treasury of resources. To exploit and use ocean will make great contribution to people’s existence and development. China is a great oceanic country with pre cinct sea area of 3,000,000 km2. The eastern coastal region with only 60 km width, 15 % area and 40% of population of China, has created about 60% of GDP and has become the most developed region. But marine disaster in China is frequent and serious. From statistical data, economy loss made by surge, billow, sea ice, tsunami, red tide, oil spill, coast erosion, bay deposit, sea water intrusion, sea level rise, land salinization, sea water pollution, etc. increase quickly. Economy loss per year is one billion in the l980s, 10 billion in the l990s, exceeded 20 billion in 1996, and 30 billion in 1997. About 80% of it happened in the coastal area. So, marine disaster at present has become obstacle of society progress and economy development in coastal area. To mitigate marine disaster has become need for the economy development, also important task of the integrated coastal zone management. In this article, we briefly introduce countermeasures for marine disaster prevention, coastal zone management, and achievements made in the past 50 years, its problems now confronted, and the main countermeasures in the 21St century.

关键词： marine disaster prevention, integrated coastal zone management, countermeasures for prevention and management

Monitoring hawksbill turtle nesting sites in some protected areas from the Persian Gulf

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Acta Oceanologica Sinica 2019年第12期38卷 43-51页

作者： Majid Askari Hesni Mohsen Rezaie-Atagholipour Somaye Zangiabadi Mohammad Amin Tollab Mostafa Moazeni Hosein Jafari Mohammad Talebi Matin Ghasem Ghorbanzadeh Zafarani Mahtab Shojaei Abbas Motlaghnejad Faculty of Sciences Shahid Bahonar University of KermanKerman ***Iran Qeshm environmental Conservation Institute(QECI) Qeshm Island ***Iran marine environment branch Bushehr Department of EnvironmentBushehr ***Iran marine environment branch Iranian Department of EnvironmentTehran 14155-7383Iran Research Center for environment and Sustainable Development(RCESD) Iranian Department of EnvironmentTehran 141551156Iran

Iranian nesting populations of the critically endangered hawksbill turtle(Eretmochelys imbricate) are some of the most important in the Indian Ocean. In this study, four of the most important hawksbill nesting grounds in the Persian Gulf, situated within three Iranian marine protected areas, were surveyed during nesting season,including Nakhiloo, Ommolgorm and Kharko Islands and the mainland beaches of the Naiband marine-Coastal National Park(NMCNP). We present GIS maps of these key nesting grounds and describe sand texture of key nesting zones, along with conservation recommendations. About 9.2(28.3%) out of 32.5 km of all shores surveyed in this study were used by nesting hawksbill turtles follows: Nakhiloo: 1.4 km(52% of potential nesting area);Ommolgorm: 1.94 km(40%);Kharko: 3.4 km(28%), and NMCNP: 2.46 km(18.9%). The average nesting density was calculated as 131 nests/km at Nakhiloo, 76 nests/km at Ommolgorm, 7 nests/km at Kharko, and 15 nests per km at NMCNP. Highest nesting density was observed in Nakhiloo and Ommolgorm. It is thought that high hawksbill nesting density in these islands seems likely a result of limiting adequate nesting shores rather than the size of population, and also low density in Kharko and NMCNP more related to past and current pressures and low population density. With the exception of Ommolgorm Island, sands at the nesting grounds were well *** size indicated that female hawksbill turtles in the Iranian Persian Gulf nest in sands that are generally mixed, with mean grain size ranging from coarse sands(0.4Φ;~0.5–1 mm) to fine sands(2Φ;~0.25 mm). We provide and discuss conservation recommendations and suggestions for future.

关键词： marine protected areas marine turtles nesting sand texture GIS maps

Classification of marine diatoms using pigment ratio suites

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Chinese Journal of Oceanology and Limnology 2011年第5期29卷 1075-1085页

作者：姚鹏于志刚邓春梅刘淑霞甄毓 Key Laboratory of marine Chemistry Theory and Technology Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of marine Spill Oil Identification and Damage Assessment Technology State Oceanic Administration Key Laboratory of marine environment and Ecology Ministry of Education

Diatoms are widely distributed in many temperate areas and some species frequently form extensive blooms in spring. Hence, monitoring the variations of specific genera or species of diatoms is necessary for studying phytoplankton population dynamics in marine ecosystems. To test whether pigment ratios can be used to identify diatoms at a below-class taxonomic level, we analyzed 14 species/strains of diatoms isolated from Chinese seas using high performance liquid chromatography （HPLC）. We normalized all pigment concentrations to total chlorophyll a to calculate the ratios of pigment to chlorophyll a, and calculated the ratios between accessory pigments （or pigment sums）. Cluster analysis indicated that these diatoms could be classified into four clusters in terms of three accessory pigment ratios： chlorophyll c2： chlorophyll Cl, fucoxanthin：total chlorophyll c and diadinoxanthin：diatoxanthin. The classification results matched well with those of biological taxonomy. To test the stability of the classification, pigment data from one species, cultured under different light intensities, and five new species/strains were calculated and used for discriminant analysis. The results show that the classification of diatom species using pigment ratio suites was stable for the variations of pigment ratios of species cultured in different light intensities. The introduction of new species, however, may confuse the classification within the current scheme. Classification of marine diatoms using pigment ratio suites is potentially valuable for the fine chemotaxonomy of phytoplankton at taxonomic levels below class and would advance studies on phytoplankton population dynamics and marine ecology.

关键词： diatoms classification pigment ratio suites statistical analysis HPLC chemotaxonomy

Study on impact of dinoflagellate Alexandrium tamarense on life activities of marine bivalves

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Acta Oceanologica Sinica 2003年第1期22卷 103-110页

作者：颜天周名江傅萌 Wang Liping Key Laboratory of marine Ecology and environment Sciences Institute of OceanologyChinese Academy of SciencesQingdao 266071China

The effects of a PSP producing dinoflagellate Alexandrium tamarense on marine bivalvesat their several important life stages: egg, D- shape larva, eyespot larva, juvenile and adult, were studied. The results show that the hatching, survival, activity, filtration and growth were adversely affected by the alga and the impact was significantly increased with the increase of algal density. The inhibitory effect on egg hatching was most significant, which the hatching rate was only 30% of the control when exposed to the alga at 100 cell/cm3 after 36 h. Further experiments show that the algal culture, re-suspended cells and cell fragments had the inhibitory effect, while no such effect was from the cell-free medium, cell contents and standard STX. The results indicate that the alga could produce unknown toxins, rather than PSP, associated with the cell surface.

关键词： Harmful Algal Blooms Alexandrium tamarense bivalve toxicity unknown toxins

Characterization and analysis of ribosomal proteins in two marine calanoid copepods

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Chinese Journal of Oceanology and Limnology 2016年第6期34卷 1258-1268页

作者：杨菲菲徐东会庄昀筠黄有松衣晓燕陈洪举刘光兴张寰 Key Laboratory of marine environment and Ecology(Ocean University of China) Ministry of Education College of environmental Science and Engineering Ocean University of China Department of marine Sciences University of Connecticut

Copepods are among the most abundant and successful metazoans in the marine ecosystem. However, genomic resources related to fundamental cellular processes are still limited in this particular group of crustaceans. Ribosomal proteins are the building blocks of ribosomes, the primary site for protein synthesis. In this study, we characterized and analyzed the c DNAs of cytoplasmic ribosomal proteins(c RPs) of two calanoid copepods, P seudodiaptomus poplesia and A cartia pacifi ca. We obtained 79 c RP c DNAs from P. poplesia and 67 from A. pacifi ca by c DNA library construction/sequencing and rapid amplifi cation of c DNA ends. Analysis of the nucleic acid composition showed that the copepod c RP-encoding genes had higher GC content in the protein-coding regions(CDSs) than in the untranslated regions(UTRs), and single nucleotide repeats(>3 repeats) were common, with "A" repeats being the most frequent, especially in the CDSs. The 3′-UTRs of the c RP genes were signifi cantly longer than the 5′-UTRs. Codon usage analysis showed that the third positions of the codons were dominated by C or G. The deduced amino acid sequences of the c RPs contained high proportions of positively charged residues and had high p I values. This is the fi rst report of a complete set of c RP-encoding genes from copepods. Our results shed light on the characteristics of c RPs in copepods, and provide fundamental data for further studies of protein synthesis in copepods. The copepod c RP information revealed in this study indicates that additional comparisons and analysis should be performed on different taxonomic categories such as orders and families.

关键词： amino acid composition codon usage copepod nucleotide composition ribosomal protein

An implementation strategy to quantify the marine microbial carbon pump and its sensitivity to global change

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National Science Review 2018年第4期5卷 474-480页

作者： Carol Robinson Douglas Wallace Jung-Ho Hyun Luca Polimene Ronald Benner Yao Zhang Ruanhong Cai Rui Zhang Nianzhi Jiao University of East Anglia School of Environmental Sciences Oceanography Department Dalhousie University Hanyang University Department of Marine Science and Convergence Engineering Plymouth marine Laboratory University of South Carolina Department of Biological Sciences and School of the EarthOcean and Environment State Key Laboratory of marine environmental Science and Institute of marine Microbes and Ecospheres

INTRODUCTION The persistence of the vast pool of recalcitrant dissolved organic carbon(RDOC)in the deep ocean is fundamental to both global carbon cycling and global ***,quantitative understanding of the mechanisms that produce and utilize RDOC is still in its *** from a conceptual framework to quantitative understanding in marine carbon cycling can take the international research community several decades—precious time

关键词： MCP An implementation strategy to quantify the marine microbial carbon pump and its sensitivity to global change

Two New Free-Living marine Nematode Species of the Genus Anoplostoma(Anoplostomatidae) from the Mangrove Habitats of Xiamen Bay,East China Sea

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Journal of Ocean University of China 2016年第1期15卷 11-18页

作者： LI Yongxiang GUO Yuqing Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of marine Fishery Resources and Eco-environment Fisheries CollegeJimei University

Two new species of free-living marine nematode from mangrove habitats in Xiamen Bay are *** tumidum *** characterized by relatively short outer labial setae(0.86–1.00 h.d.),long tail(c 7.2–8.9,c' 8.3–10.5),an instinct swollen distal portion of slender spicule(Sc 94–101 μm),and well developed copulatory bursae without bursal *** *** from all valid species of genus Anoplostoma in copulatory apparatus of males with a distinct swollen distal portion of spicule,and a relatively obvious constriction of *** *** characterized by relatively long outer labial setae(1.11–1.22 h.d.),and tail(c 6.6–8.5,c' 8.6–10.2);elongated spicules with distinct knob-like proximal and pointed distal ends(Sc 46–69 μm);distinct strip-like gubernaculum(length with 11–15μm);well developed copulatory bursae with precloacal papillae and post-cloacal papillae;and a distinct constriction of *** *** similar to *** Bastian,1865,but differs in the reproductive mode of female and the constriction of head.

关键词： free-living marine nematode Anoplostoma mangrove new species East China Sea

Quantification,morphology and source of humic acid,kerogen and black carbon in offshore marine sediments from Xiamen Gulf,China

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Journal of environmental Sciences 2013年第2期25卷 287-294页

作者： Yanting Chen Jinping Zhao Liqian Yin Jinsheng Chen Dongxing Yuan Key Laboratory of Urban environment and Health Institute of Urban EnvironmentChinese Academy of Sciences environmental Science and Engineering Department Huaqiao University Guangdong environmental Monitoring Center State Key Laboratory of marine environmental Science Xiamen University

Three types of macromolecular organic matters （MOMs）, i.e. humic acid （HA）, kerogen＋black carbon （KB）, and black carbon （BC） were extracted from marine sediments of Xiamen Gulf, southeast of China. The chemical composition, morphological property and source of the three extractions were characterized by elemental analyzer/isotope ratio mass spectrometry （EA/IRMS） and scanning electron microscope （SEM）. The results showed that KB was the predominant fraction in MOMs, which accounted for 61.79%-89.15% of the total organic content （TOC）, while HA consisted less than 5%. The relative high contents of kerogen and BC, and low contents of HA in the samples indicated that anthropogenic input might be the major source of organic matter in marine sediments near the industrial regions. The characterization of SEM, not only revealed morphological properties of the three fractions, but also allowed a better understanding of the source of MOMs. The δ 13 C values of the three fractions suggested that materials from terrestrial C 3 plants were predominant. Furthermore, the anthropogenic activities, such as the discharge of sewage, coal and biomass combustion from industry nearby and agricultural practices within drainage basin of the Jiulong River, were remarkably contributed to the variations in δ 13 C values of MOMs in the offshore marine sediments.

关键词： macromolecular organic matters elemental analyzer/isotope ratio mass spectrometry scanning electron microscope offshore marine sediment Xiamen

Accuracy of the staggered-grid finite-difference method of the acoustic wave equation for marine seismic reflection modeling

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Chinese Journal of Oceanology and Limnology 2013年第1期31卷 169-177页

作者：钱进吴时国崔若飞 Key Laboratory of marine Geology and environment Institute of OceanologyChinese Academy of Sciences School of Resource and Geoscience China University of Mining and Technology

Seismic wave modeling is a cornerstone of geophysical data acquisition, processing, and interpretation, for which finite-difference methods are often applied. In this paper, we extend the velocity- pressure formulation of the acoustic wave equation to marine seismic modeling using the staggered-grid finite-difference method. The scheme is developed using a fourth-order spatial and a second-order temporal operator. Then, we define a stability coefficient (SC) and calculate its maximum value under the stability condition. Based on the dispersion relationship, we conduct a detailed dispersion analysis for submarine sediments in terms of the phase and group velocity over a range of angles, stability coefficients, and orders. We also compare the numerical solution with the exact solution for a P-wave line source in a homogeneous submarine model. Additionally, the numerical results determined by a Marmousi2 model with a rugged seafloor indicate that this method is sufficient for modeling complex submarine structures.

关键词： marine seismic reflection modeling stability condition dispersion relation staggered grid finite-difference