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Investigation of the decline of Ulva prolifera in the Subei Shoal and Qingdao based on physiological changes

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Journal of Oceanology and Limnology 2021年第3期39卷 918-927页

作者： Ya HAO Chen GUAN Xinyu ZHAO Tongfei QU Xuexi TANG Ying WANG College of marine Life Sciences Ocean University of ChinaQingdao 266100China Laboratory for marine ecology and Environmental Science Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and TechnologyQingdao 266071China

It has been a scientific consensus that Ulva prolifera green tide that break out annually between May and August in the recent decade off eastern coast of Yellow *** investigate the ecological mechanism of the decline of *** green tide,we compared the physiological characteristics of *** samples collected in three stages of the green tide in Subei Shoal north Jiangsu,the initiation point,on May 10(early,the initiation),July 10(middle,the outbreak),and in Taipingjiao,Qingdao on August 10(late,the decline).Compared to the early samples,the middle,and late samples showed a lower chlorophyll content and photosynthetic e fficiency at a higher lipid peroxidation *** middle and later samples had fewer chloroplasts in the cells of *** than those in the early *** addition,the cells of *** sampled in the late stage showed ruptured and deformed cell *** in physiological function were reflected in the growth *** the middle and late *** samples presented negative growth *** analysis results show that the rising temperature was mainly responsible for the local decline of *** green *** high light-intensity that could induce the photoinhibition was also an important factor for the ***,*** population that remained in the Subei Shoal and those that northward drifted to Qingdao experienced the same decline processes:rising temperature and continuous high light conditions in the late phase of green tide reduced the photosynthetic capacity and destroyed the antioxidant system of the thallus,which lead to decrease of *** only difference is that the temperature in the Subei Shoal rose earlier than that in Qingdao;thus,*** remaining in the Subei Shoal went disappeared first.

关键词： Ulva prolifera green tide decline process photoinhibition lipid peroxidation

Nitrogen budget in the Changjiang River drainage area

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Chinese Journal of Oceanology and Limnology 2012年第4期30卷 654-667页

作者：江涛俞志明宋秀贤曹西华 Research Center for Harmful Algae and marine Biology Jinan University Key Laboratory of marine ecology and Environmental Sciences Institute of OceanologyChinese Academy of Sciences

We established a budget model of nitrogen （N） inputs and outputs between watersheds and waterbodies to determine the sources of riverine N in the Changjiang （Yangtze） River drainage area. Nitrogen inputs in the budget included N from synthetic fertilizer, biological fixation by leguminous and other crops, wet/dry atmospheric deposition, excreta from humans and animals, and crop residues. The total N input was estimated to be 17.6 Tg, of which 20% or 3.5 Tg N was transported into waterbodies. Of the total N transported into waterbodies, the largest proportion was N from animal waste （26%）, followed by N from atmospheric wet/dry deposition （25%）, synthetic fertilizer N （17%）, N in sewage wastes （17%）, N in human waste from rural areas （6%） and industrial wastewater N （9%）. We studied the spatial patterns of N inputs and outputs by dividing the Changjiang River drainage area into four sub-basins, from upstream to downstream： the Tongtian River drainage area （TTD, the headwater drainage area, 138 000 l^n2, less disturbed by human activities）; the Jinsha River drainage area （JSD, 347 000 km2, less disturbed by human activities, approx. 3 500 km upstream of the Changjiang estuary）; the Pingshan-Yichang drainage area （PYD, 520 500 krn2, large-scale human disturbance, about 2 000 km upstream of the Changjiang estuary）; and the Yichang-Datong drainage area （YDD, 699 900 km^2, large-scale httman disturbance, approx. 620 km upstream of the Changjiang estuary）. The average N input into waterbodies was 2.3, 7.3, 24.1, and 28.2 kg N/ha in the TTD, JSD, PYD, and YDD sub-basins, respectively, suggesting an increase of N-components of more than 10 times from upstream to downstream areas.

关键词： nitrogen budget eutrophication Changjiang (Yangtze) River drainage area riverine nitrogen transport

A Comparative Study of CART and PTM for Modelling Water Age

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Journal of Ocean University of China 2015年第1期14卷 47-58页

作者： WANG Haiyan GUO Xinyu LIU Zhe GAO Huiwang Key Laboratory of marine Environment and ecology Ministry of Education Ocean University of China Center for marine Environmental Studies Ehime University

CART(Constituent-oriented age and residence time theory) and PTM(Particle-tracking method) are two widely used numerical methods to calculate water age. These two methods are essentially equivalent in theory but their results may be different in practice. The difference of the two methods was evaluated by applying them to calculate water age in an idealized one-dimensional domain. The model results by the two methods are consistent with each other in the case with either spatially uniform flow field or spatially uniform diffusion coefficient. If we allow the spatial variation in horizontal diffusion, a term called pseudo displacement arising from the spatial variation of diffusion coefficient likely plays an important role for the PTM to obtain accurate water age. In particular, if the water particle is released at a place where the diffusion is not the weakest, the water age calculated by the PTM without pseudo displacement is much larger than that by the CART. This suggests that the pseudo displacement cannot be neglected in the PTM to calculate water age in a realistic ocean. As an example, we present its potential importance in the Bohai Sea where the diffusion coefficient varies spatially and greatly.

关键词： CART PTM pseudo displacement water age

Photosynthetic response of floating Ulva prolifera to diurnal changes of in-situ environments on the sea surface

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Journal of Oceanology and Limnology 2019年第2期37卷 589-599页

作者： ZHAO Xinyu TANG Xuexi HU Shunxin ZHONG Yi QU Tongfei WANG Ying College of marine Life Sciences Ocean University of China Qingdao 266003 China Laboratory for marine ecology and Environmental Science Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology Qingdao 266071 China

During yellow sea green tide outbreak, the thalli of Ulva prolifera drifted more than 350 km on the sea surface from off shore of Jiangsu Province to Qingdao city, where they were exposed to complex changes of local environments. The purpose of this study is to investigate the response of the thalli to diurnal changes of environments on the sea surface, and a sea surface environment simulator (SSES) was designed to simulate the natural environment of floating U . prolifera mat. A control experiment is designed in the laboratory, which was processed under suitable conditions (20°C for temperature, 72 μmol photons/(m 2 ·s) for light intensity and 30 for salinity), and an in-situ research was conducted to study the photosynthetic responses of floating U . prolifera to diurnal changes of environments. The results show that the photosynthetic efficiency of the thalli decreased gradually with time, and decreased rapidly after 14:00 local time (LT). After exposed to the environment on the sea surface for 6 h, the photosynthetic activity of the thalli decreased significantly. Furthermore, physiological-level and molecular-level experiments revealed that non-photochemical quenching (NPQ), cyclic electron flow (CEF) and energy redistribution between PSI and PSII all played an important role in the strong photosynthetic plasticity of U . prolifera . NPQ is the most important photoprotective responses to environmental changes before 12:00 LT. The results also confirmed that the CEF and energy redistribution between PSI and PSII are the main synergistic eff ects for the thalli to adapt to the environmental changes when the process NPQ cannot work. And the result can further reveal the reason why U . prolifera can adapt to the living condition of long distance drift on the sea surface. The findings of this research could provide a theoretical basis for explaining outbreaks of the green tide and instructing the management of the problem.

关键词： photosynthetic system floating Ulva prolifera diurnal change photosynthetic plasticity

Kinetics and products of ozonation of *** Red 195 in a semi-batch reactor

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Chinese Chemical Letters 2015年第1期26卷 93-99页

作者： Rui Zhang Dong-Xing Yuan Bao-Min Liu College of the Environment & ecology Xiamen University State Key Laboratory of marine Environmental Science Xiamen University

Textile wastewater shows great threats to the environment if not well pretreated before discharge. A promising technique, ozonation, was applied to remove the color in dye solutions containing C.I. Reactive Red 195 （RR195） in a semi-batch reactor. The decolorization of RRI95 by the ozone process followed pseudo-first-order kinetics. Several factors which influenced the efficiency of decolorization were studied and the reaction rate constant （k） obtained with different operational parameters was compared. Our results showed that RRI95 was more easily degraded in acidic than in alkaline conditions. The dyeing auxiliaries （sodium carbonate and sodium chloride） that acted as radical scavengers could enhance the decolorization process, and the ozonation time for total color removal lengthened if the initial dye concentration was higher. The analysis of the ozonation products was performed by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometer and a possible degradation pathway was predicted according to the ozonation products and structure of RR195. Our results indicated that ozonation was effective in the color removal of dyes, but further treatment might be necessary since the ozonation products are high toxic.

关键词： Ozonation C.I. Reactive Red 195 Decolourization Kinetics Degradation pathway

Fatty Acid Composition of Euphausia superba,Thysanoessa macrura and Euphausia crystallorophias Collected from Prydz Bay,Antarctica

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Journal of Ocean University of China 2016年第2期15卷 297-302页

作者： YANG Guang LI Chaolun WANG Yanqing Key Laboratory of marine ecology and Environmental Sciences Institute of OceanologyChinese Academy of Sciences

The information of trophic relationship is important for studying the Southern Ocean ecosystems. In this study, three dominant krill species, Euphausia superba, Thysanoessa macrura and Euphausia crystallorophias, were collected from Prydz Bay, Antarctica, during austral summer of 2009/2010. The composition of fatty acids in these species was studied. E. superba and T. macrura showed a similar fatty acid composition which was dominated by C140, C16：0, EPA （eicosapentenoic acid） and DHA （decosahexenoic acid） while E. crystallorophias showed higher contents of C 18：1（n-9）, C 18： 1 （n-7）, DHA and EPA than the former two. Higher fatty acid ratios of C 18：1（n-9）/18：1（n-7）, PUFA （polyunsaturated fatty acid）/SFA （saturated fatty acid）, and 18PUFA/16PUFA indicated that E. crystallorophias should be classified as a typical onmivore with a higher trophic position compared with E. superba and T. rnacrura.

关键词： fatty acid krill Prydz Bay Euphausia superba Euphausia crystallorophias Thysanoessa macrura

Effect of decreasing temperature on the strobilation of Aurelia sp.1

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Journal of Oceanology and Limnology 2018年第2期36卷 465-472页

作者： SHI Yan YU Zhigang ZHEN Yu WANG Guoshan WANG Xungong MI Tiezhu College of Environmental Science and Engineering Ocean University of China Qingdao 266100 China Key Laboratory of marine Environment and ecology Ministry of Education Qingdao 266100 China Laboratory for marine ecology and Environmental Science Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology Qingdao 266071 China Key Laboratory of marine Chemistry Theory and Technology Ministry of Education Qingdao 266100 China

The worldwide proliferation of marine jellyfish has become a crucial ecological and social issue, and as a cosmopolitan species, Aurelia spp. have received increasing scientific attentions. In the present study, the responses of strobilation in Aurelia sp. 1 to decreasing temperature were illuminated through the expression levels of the retinoid x receptor （RxR） gene and the gene encoding a secreted protein, CL390. We observed that a higher final temperature decreased the strobilation prophase and strobilation interphase periods, and the growth rate of the strobilae ratio increased with increasing CL390 gene expression. The ratio of strobilae at 12~C was highest, and the strobilae showed the higher releasing ratios at both 12℃ and 16℃ compared with those at 4℃ and 8℃. Furthermore, more ephyrae were released at the higher final temperature. Additionally, up-regulation and down-regulation of the CL390 gene were observed in response to the four decreasing temperatures. Although the four CL390 gene transcript levels increased more significantly than the transcript levels of the RxR gene, similar trends were observed in both genes.

关键词： moon jellyfish strobila retinoid x receptor(RxR) CL390

Distributions and Relationships of CO_2,O_2,and Dimethylsulfide in the Changjiang(Yangtze) Estuary and Its Adjacent Waters in Summer

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Journal of Ocean University of China 2018年第2期17卷 320-334页

作者： WU Xi TAN Tingting LIU Chunying LI Tie LIU Xiaoshou YANG Guipeng Key Laboratory of marine Chemistry Theory and Technology Ministry of Education Ocean University of China Laboratory for marine ecology and Environmental Science Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology College of marine Life Sciences Ocean University of China

The distributions and relationships of O_2, CO_2, and dimethylsulfide (DMS) in the Changjiang (Yangtze) Estuary and its adjacent waters were investigated in June 2014. In surface water, mean O_2 saturation level, partial pressure of CO_2 (pCO_2), and DMS concentrations (and ranges) were 110% (89%–167%), 374μatm (91–640 μatm), and 8.53 nmol L^(-1) (1.10–27.50 nmol L^(-1)), respectively. The sea-to-air fluxes (and ranges) of DMS and CO_2 were 8.24 μmol m^(-2)d^(-1) (0.26–62.77 μmol m^(-2)d^(-1)), and -4.7 mmol m^(-2)d^(-1) (-110.8-31.7 mmol m^(-2)d^(-1)), respectively. Dissolved O_2 was oversaturated, DMS concentrations were relatively high, and this region served as a sink of atmospheric CO_2. The pCO_2 was significantly and negatively correlated with the O_2 saturation level, while the DMS concentration showed different positive relationships with the O_2 saturation level in different water masses. In vertical profiles, a hypoxic zone existed below 20 m at a longitude of 123?E. The stratification of temperature and salinity caused by the Taiwan Warm Current suppressed seawater exchange between upper and lower layers, resulting in the formation of a hypoxic zone. Oxidative de-composition of organic detritus carried by the Changjiang River Diluted Water (CRDW) consumed abundant O_2 and produced additional CO_2. The DMS concentrations decreased because of low phytoplankton biomass in the hypoxic zone. Strong correlations ap-peared between the O_2 saturation level, pCO_2 and DMS concentrations in vertical profiles. Our results strongly suggested that CRDW played an important role in the distributions and relationships of O_2, CO_2, and DMS.

关键词： O2 partial pressure of CO2(pCO2) dimethylsulfide(DMS) Changjiang Estuary distribution relationship

Discharge electrode configuration effects on the performance of a plasma sparker

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Plasma Science and Technology 2017年第9期19卷 48-55页

作者：裴彦良张连成黄逸凡严辉朱鑫磊刘振闫克平 Key Laboratory of marine Sedimentology and Environmental Geology First Institute of OceanographySOA Laboratory for marine Geology Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology Institute of Industrial ecology and Environment College of Chemical and Biological EngineeringZhejiang University

A multi-electrode array is commonly applied in a plasma sparker to generate stable acoustic *** this paper, the effects of the electrode configuration on the performance of a plasma sparker have been investigated. In terms of the load electrical characteristics, the electrode radius and distance have negligible influence on the electric characteristics, whereas a larger electrode number results in a smaller voltage and a larger current but has little effect on the load energy. Regarding the acoustic characteristics, both the expansion and collapse pulses can be increased by decreasing the electrode tip radius. the influence of the electrode number and electrode gap distance on the amplitude of the expansion pulse was found to be negligible. And the amplitude of the collapse pulse decreases significantly with increasing electrode number. Increasing the electrode number decreases the energy efficiency for intense bubble interactions, thus, a small electrode tip radius and a small electrode number are preferred for the design of a plasma sparker if the total discharge energy is given.

关键词： negligible collapse bubble radius decreasing preferred neglected initially Figure intense