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Inhibition of African swine fever virus in liquid and feed by medium-chain fatty acids and glycerol monolaurate

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2021年第2期12卷 569-578页

作者： Joshua A.Jackman Astghik Hakobyan Hovakim Zakaryan Charles C.Elrod School of Chemical Engineering Sungkyunkwan UniversitySuwon 16419Republic of Korea Group of Antiviral Defense Mechanisms Institute of Molecular Biology of NASYerevanArmenia Natural biologics Inc. NewfieldNY 14867USA. Department of Animal Science Cornell UniversityIthacaNY 14853USA

Background:The ongoing African swine fever virus(ASFv)epidemic has had a major impact on pig production globally and biosecurity efforts to curb ASFv infectivity and transmission are a high *** has been recently identified that feed and feed ingredients,along with drinking water,can serve as transmission vehicles and might facilitate transboundary spread of ***,it is important to test the antiviral activity of regulatory compatible,antiviral feed additives that might inhibit ASFv infectivity in *** promising group of feed additive candidates includes medium-chain fatty acids(MCFA)and monoglyceride derivatives,which are known to disrupt the lipid membrane surrounding certain enveloped viruses and ***:The antiviral activities of selected MCFA,namely caprylic,capric,and lauric acids,and a related monoglyceride,glycerol monolaurate(GML),to inhibit ASFv in liquid and feed conditions were investigated and suitable compounds and inclusion rates were identified that might be useful for mitigating ASFv in feed *** assays showed that all tested MCFA and GML inhibit *** was more potent than MCFA because it worked at a lower concentration and inhibited ASFv due to direct virucidal activity along with one or more other antiviral ***-dependent feed experiments further showed that sufficiently high GML doses can significantly reduce ASFv infectivity in feed in a linear manner in periods as short as 30 min,as determined by infectious viral titer ***-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA)experiments revealed that GML treatment also hinders antibody recognition of the membrane-associated ASFv p72 structural protein,which likely relates to protein conformational changes arising from viral membrane ***:Together,the findings in this study indicate that MCFA and GML inhibit ASFv in liquid conditions and that GML is also able to reduce ASFv infectivity in feed,which may help to curb disease tr

关键词： African swine fever virus Antiviral Feed pathogen mitigation MCFA Medium-chain fatty acids Monoglycerides

SARS-CoV-2:the many pros of targeting PLpro

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Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy 2020年第1期5卷 633-634页

作者： Christopher B.McClain Nicolas Vabret Department of Medicine Hematology and Medical OncologyIcahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkNYUSA precision Immunology Institute Icahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkNYUSA

A new study1 published in Nature compares the mechanisms used by SARS-CoV-1 and SARS-CoV-2 papain-like protease(PLpro)to promote innate immune *** findings identify SARS-CoV-2 PLpro as an attractive drug target for tr... 详细信息

关键词： attractive finding Nature

Medium-chain fatty acids and monoglycerides as feed additives for pig production:towards gut health improvement and feed pathogen mitigation

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2020年第3期11卷 611-625页

作者： Joshua A.Jackman RDean Boyd Charles C.Elrod School of Chemical Engineering Sungkyunkwan UniversitySuwon 16419Republic of Korea Hanor Company FranklinKY 42134USA North Carolina State University RaleighNC 27695USA Natural biologics Inc. NewfieldNY 14867USA Department of Animal Science Cornell UniversityIthacaNY 14853USA.

Ongoing challenges in the swine industry,such as reduced access to antibiotics and virus outbreaks(e.g.,porcine epidemic diarrhea virus,African swine fever virus),have prompted calls for innovative feed additives to support pig ***-chain fatty acids(MCFAs)and monoglycerides have emerged as a potential option due to key molecular features and versatile functions,including inhibitory activity against viral and bacterial *** this review,we summarize recent studies examining the potential of MCFAs and monoglycerides as feed additives to improve pig gut health and to mitigate feed *** molecular properties and biological functions of MCFAs and monoglycerides are first introduced along with an overview of intervention needs at different stages of pig *** latest progress in testing MCFAs and monoglycerides as feed additives in pig diets is then presented,and their effects on a wide range of production issues,such as growth performance,pathogenic infections,and gut health,are *** utilization of MCFAs and monoglycerides together with other feed additives such as organic acids and probiotics is also described,along with advances in molecular encapsulation and delivery ***,we discuss how MCFAs and monoglycerides demonstrate potential for feed pathogen mitigation to curb disease *** forward,we envision that MCFAs and monoglycerides may become an important class of feed additives in pig production for gut health improvement and feed pathogen mitigation.

关键词： Antibiotics Feed pathogen mitigation Growth promotion Gut health Immune enhancement MCFA Medium-chain fatty acids Monoglycerides

Injectable mechanical pillows for attenuation of load-induced post-traumatic osteoarthritis

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Regenerative Biomaterials 2019年第4期6卷 211-219页

作者： Derek T.Holyoak Tibra A.Wheeler Marjolein C.H.van der Meulen Ankur Singh Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering Cornell UniversityIthacaNY 14853USA Sibley School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Cornell UniversityIthacaNY 14853USA Research Division Hospital for Special SurgeryNew YorkNY 10021USA Englander Institute for precision Medicine Weill Cornell Medical CollegeCornell UniversityNew YorkNY 10021USA

Osteoarthritis(OA)of the knee joint is a degenerative disease initiated by mechanical stress that affects millions of *** disease manifests as joint damage and synovial ***-traumatic osteoarthritis(PTOA)is a specific form of OA caused by mechanical trauma to the *** progression of PTOA is prevented by immediate post-injury therapeutic ***-articular injection of anti-inflammatory therapeutics(***)is a common treatment option for OA before end-stage surgical ***,the efficacy of intra-articular injection is limited due to poor drug retention time in the joint space and the variable efficacy of ***,we endeavored to characterize a four-arm maleimide-functionalized polyethylene glycol(PEG-4MAL)hydrogel system as a‘mechanical pillow’to cushion the load-bearing joint,withstand repetitive loading and improve the efficacy of intra-articular injections of nanoparticles containing dexamethasone,an anti-inflammatory ***-4MAL hydrogels maintained their mechanical properties after physiologically relevant cyclic compression and released therapeutic payload in an on-demand manner under in vitro inflammatory ***,the on-demand hydrogels did not release nanoparticles under repetitive mechanical loading as experienced by daily *** dexamethasone had minimal protective effects on OA-like pathology in our studies,the PEG-4MAL hydrogel functioned as a mechanical pillow to protect the knee joint from cartilage degradation and inhibit osteophyte formation in an in vivo load-induced OA mouse model.

关键词： hydrogel osteophyte biomaterials drug delivery cartilage inflammation

An efficient method for computing excess free energy of liquid

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Science China Chemistry 2018年第1期61卷 135-140页

作者： Jianing Song Linqiong Qiu John Z.H. Zhang School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering East China Normal University Shanghai 200062 China nyU-ECNU Center for Computational Chemistry at nyU ShanghaL Shanghai 200062 China State Key Laboratory of precision Spectroscopy East China Normal University Shanghai 200062 China Department of Chemistry New York University NY NY 10003 USA

We present a new theoretical method for efficient calculation of free energy of liquid. This interaction entropy method allows one to compute entropy and free energy of liquid from standard single step MD(molecular dynamics) simulation directly in liquid state without the need to perform MD simulations at many intermediate states as required in thermodynamic integration or free energy perturbation methods. In this new approach, one only needs to evaluate the interaction energy of a single(fixed) liquid molecule with the rest of liquid molecules as a function of time from a standard MD simulation of liquid and the fluctuation of distribution of this interaction energy is then used to calculate the interaction entropy of the liquid. Explicit theoretical derivation of this interaction entropy approach is provided and numerical calculations for the benchmark liquid water system were carried out using three different water models. Numerical analysis of the result was performed and comparison of the computational result with experimental data and other theoretical results were provided. Excellent agreement of calculated free energies with the experimental data using TIP4 P model is obtained for liquid water.

关键词： excess free energy liquid MD simulation interaction entropy

Development of an in vitro macrophage screening system on the immunomodulating effects of feed components

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2021年第2期12卷 639-648页

作者： S.E.Sivinski L.K.Mamedova R.A.Rusk C.C.Elrod T.H.Swartz J.M.McGill B.J.Bradford Department of Animal Sciences and Industry Kansas State UniversityManhattan 66506USA Department of Diagnostic Medicine/Pathobiology Kansas State UniversityManhattan 66506USA Natural biologics NewfieldNY 14867USA 2265K Anthony Hall 474 S.Shaw LaneEast LansingMI 48824USA

Background:While feed components capable of modulating the immune system are highly sought after and marketed,often little evidence is available to support functional immune response ***,a high-throughput in vitro cell screening system was developed to test these compounds for innate immune signaling effects,using Saccharomyces cerevisiae and its cell wall components in addition to lauric acid and its esters as models in two separate *** screening system utilized RAW 264.7 murine macrophages to assess live *** cells and ***-derived cell wall componentsβ-glucan,mannan,and zymosan(a crude cell wall preparation containing bothβ-glucan and mannan).D-mannose was also evaluated as the monomer of *** also examined the effect of a saturated fatty acid(C12:0,lauric acid)and its esters(methyl laurate and glycerol monolaurate)on innate immune cell activation and cellular *** cells were transfected with a vector that drives expression of alkaline phosphatase upon promoter activation of nuclear factorκ-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells(NFκB),a major inflammatory/immune transcription *** cells were incubated with 0.01,0.1 or 1 mg/mL of yeast compounds alone or RAW cells were challenged with LPS and then incubated with yeast *** a separate experiment,RAW cells were incubated with 0,0.5,2.5,12.5,62.5,and 312.5μmol/L of lauric acid,methyl laurate,or glycerol monolaurate alone,or RAW cells were challenged with LPS and then incubated with fatty acid ***:Treatment with zymosan orβ-glucan alone induced NFκB activation in a dose-dependent manner,whereas treatment with D-mannose,mannan,or live *** cells did ***-treatment with mannan after an LPS challenge decreased NFκB activation,suggesting that this treatment may ameliorate LPS-induced *** increases in NFκB activation were found when fatty acid treatments were applied in the absence of LPS,yet substantial reductio

关键词： Inflammation In vitro screening system NFκB

Application of Deep Learning on Single-cell RNA Sequencing Data Analysis:A Review

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Genomics, Proteomics & Bioinformatics 2022年第5期20卷 814-835页

作者： Matthew Brendel Chang Su Zilong Bai Hao Zhang Olivier Elemento Fei Wang Department of Population Health Sciences Weill Cornell MedicineCornell UniversityNew YorkNY 10065USA Institute for Computational Biomedicine Caryl and Israel Englander Institute for Precision MedicineDepartment of Physiology and BiophysicsWeill Cornell MedicineCornell UniversityNew YorkNY 10065USA Department of Health Service Administration and Policy Temple UniversityPhiladelphiaPA 19122USA

Single-cell RNA sequencing(scRNA-seq)has become a routinely used technique to quantify the gene expression profile of thousands of single cells *** of scRNA-seq data plays an important role in the study of cell states and phenotypes,and has helped elucidate biological processes,such as those occurring during the development of complex organisms,and improved our understanding of disease states,such as cancer,diabetes,and coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19).Deep learning,a recent advance of artificial intelligence that has been used to address many problems involving large datasets,has also emerged as a promising tool for scRNA-seq data analysis,as it has a capacity to extract informative and compact features from noisy,heterogeneous,and high-dimensional scRNA-seq data to improve downstream *** present review aims at surveying recently developed deep learning techniques in scRNA-seq data analysis,identifying key steps within the scRNA-seq data analysis pipeline that have been advanced by deep learning,and explaining the benefits of deep learning over more conventional analytic ***,we summarize the challenges in current deep learning approaches faced within scRNA-seq data and discuss potential directions for improvements in deep learning algorithms for scRNA-seq data analysis.

关键词： Single-cell RNA sequencing Single-cell sequencing Deep learning Deep neural network Artificial intelligence

Thermodynamic Insights of Base Flipping in TNA Duplex: Force Fields, Salt Concentrations, and Free-Energy Simulation Methods

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CCS Chemistry 2021年第2期3卷 1026-1039页

作者： Zhaoxi Sun John Z.H.Zhang State Key Laboratory of precision Spectroscopy School of Chemistry and Molecular EngineeringEast China Normal UniversityShanghai 200062 nyU-ECNU Center for Computational Chemistry at nyU Shanghai Shanghai 200062 Department of Chemistry New York UniversityNYNY 10003

Threofuranosyl nucleic acid(TNA)is an analogue of DNA with a shift in the internucleotide linkages from the wild-type 5’-to-3’direction to 3’-to-2.’This alteration leads to higher chemical stability,less reactive groups,and lower conformational *** observations indicate that these characteristic changes are attributable to a minimal perturbation of the interaction network,but the thermodynamic stability of the duplex remains unaltered in the TNA *** applied the equilibrium and nonequilibrium free-energy simulations employing three popular assisted model building with energy refinement(AMBER)force fields for nucleotides to investigate this mutation-dependent behavior in the base flipping from T(DNA)residue to the T-to-TFT mutation(TNA)*** force fields were performed similarly,as described in the base-paired ***,after exploring the high-energy regions with free-energy simulations,we observed that these three force fields behaved *** reports conclude that the net-neutral and excess-salt simulations provided similar ***,our free-energy simulation indicated that the presence of excess salt affected the thermodynamic *** free-energy barrier along the base-flipping pathway was generally elevated upon the addition of excess salts,but the relative height of the free-energy barriers in DNA and TNA duplexes did not change *** phenomenon emphasizes the importance of adding sufficient salts in the simulation scheme to reproduce the experimental condition.

关键词： free-energy simulation base flipping,TNA AMBER force fields salt concentration

Back to the drawing board:Overview of the next generation of combination therapy for inflammatory bowel disease

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2024年第25期30卷 3182-3184页

作者： Jeffrey A Lowell Michael J Farber Keith Sultan Department of Medicine Zucker School of Medicine at HofstraNorth Shore University Hospital-Long Island Jewish Medical CenterManhassetNY 11030United States Preclinical Studies New York Institute of Technology College of Osteopathic MedicineGlen HeadNY 11545United States Division of Gastroenterology Northwell HealthNorth Shore University Hospital and Long Island Jewish Medical CenterGreat NeckNY 10021United States

Inflammatory bowel disease(IBD)is entering a potentially new era of combined *** et al provide an insightful review of the current state of combination therapy,with a focus on the use of a combined biologic and immunomodulator,as well as emerging data on the future potential of dual-biologic therapy(DBT).While current evidence for DBT is limited,encouraging safety profiles and ongoing trials suggest a brighter future for this *** importance of controlled trials should be stressed in establishing new treatment *** prospective randomized trials of DBT and perhaps future combinations of biologics and small molecule therapies will hopefully guide the next generation of IBD care.

关键词： Inflammatory bowel disease biologics Immunomodulators Dual-therapy Combination therapy