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The negative differential resistance characteristics of an rC-IGBT and its equivalent circuit model

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Journal of Semiconductors 2014年第2期35卷 62-66页

作者：张文亮朱阳军卢烁今田晓丽 Institute of Microelectronics Chinese Academy of Sciences Jiangsu r&d Center for Internet of Things

A simple equivalent circuit model is proposed according to the device structure of reverse conducting insulated gate bipolar transistors （rC-IGBT）. Mathematical derivation and circuit simulations indicate that this model can explain the snap-back effect （including primary snap-back effect, secondary snap-back effect, and reverse snap-back effect） and hysteresis effect perfectly.

关键词： rC-IGBT snap-back effect hysteresis effect

Tracking IBU Through the Brewing Process:The Quest for Consistency

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中外酒业 2020年第1期 63-72页

作者： Aaron Justus director of r&d and Specialty Brewing Ballast Point Brewing

International Bitterness Units(IBUs)were measured with a spectrophotometer throughout the brewing process for a wide variety of beer *** of the data were collected at our 50BBL Scripps ranch facility,although some data were also gathered from our 5 BBL r&d brewery and 150 BBL production *** was determined that mash hops add a small amount of IBUs to wort with an average utilization of 9.1%.As expected,60 min hop additions added substantially more IBUs;the average hop utilization was 44.0%.Whirlpool hops also contributed high IBUs w让h an average utilization of 29.9%.In addition,hot-side wet hopping had 8.0%utilization.A large amount of IBUs are lost during the first 2 days of *** were also observed during *** was discovered that high amounts of dry hopping resulted in an increase of ***,the average overall IBU loss in the cellar was 33.7%.

关键词： Utilization Hop rate IBU,Iso-α—acid,Spectrophotometer,Isomerization

Antimicrobial resistance Analysis and Whole-Genome Sequencing of Salmonella Isolates from Environmental Sewage — Guangzhou City, Guangdong Province, China, 2022–2023

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China CdC weekly 2024年第13期6卷 254-260页

作者： Bihui Su Guanghong du Shuiping Hou Zongqiu Chen Xiaoying Wu Gang He Jun Yuan Chaojun Xie Tuberculosis Management and Treatment department Guangzhou Chest HospitalGuangzhou CityGuangdong ProvinceChina School of Public Health Guangzhou Medical UniversityGuangzhou CityGuangdong ProvinceChina Guangzhou Center for disease Control and Prevention Guangzhou CityGuangdong ProvinceChina Office of the director Huadu District Center for Disease Control and PreventionGuangzhou CityGuangdong ProvinceChina

What is already known about this topic?S.1,4,[5],12:i:-and *** are emerging serotypes of Salmonella that require close monitoring for antimicrobial resistance and containment of their *** is added by this report?The study aimed to identify antimicrobial resistance genes(ArGs)in S.1,4,[5],12:i:-and *** strains isolated from environmental sewage in Guangzhou City,Guangdong Province,China.A phylogenetic tree was constructed using single nucleotide polymorphism data to assess genetic relatedness among strains,offering insights for Salmonella infection outbreak investigations in the *** are the implications for public health practice?It is crucial to implement strategies,such as integrating different networks,to control the spread of drugresistant *** technologies must be utilized to disinfect sewage and eliminate *** food safety and proper sewage disinfection are essential to curb the dissemination of Salmonella.

关键词： Whole offering integrating

HISTOrICAL CHANGES OF NUTrITION PrOBLEMS ANd dIETITIAN'rOLE IN JAPAN

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HISTORICAL CHANGES OF NUTRITION PROBLEMS AND DIETITIAN'ROLE ...

中国营养学会第十次全国营养学术会议暨第七届会员代表大会

作者： Eiji Oshino r.d. M.Ph.The Japan Dietetic AssociationManaging director

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realising the benefits of mobile data applications as an integral part of digital trunked radio systems: Translating customer needs into practical solutions

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Realising the benefits of mobile data applications as an int...

2003中国（北京）数字移动集群通信技术及应用国际研讨会

作者： Peter E. Halliday Ph.d. managing director Elite IT Services Ltd.

JET and the Physics Basis of ITEr

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Plasma Science and Technology 2004年第1期6卷 2109-2122页

作者： Martin Keilhacker Kapellengartenstr. 11 D-81247 Mimchen Germany Director of JET Joint Undertaking from 1992- 1999

JET has made unique contributions to the physics basis of ITEr by virtue ofits ITEr-like geometry, large plasma size and d-T capability. The paper discusses recent JET resultsand their implications for ITEr in the areas of standard ELMy H-mode, d-T operation and advancedtokamak modes. In ELMy H-mode the separation of plasma energy into core and pedestal contributionsshows that core confinement scales like gyroBohm transport. High triangularity has a beneficialeffect on confinement and leads to an integrated plasma performance exceeding the ITEr Q =10reference case. A revised type I ELM scaling predicts acceptable ELM energy losses for ITEr, whileprogress in physics understanding of NTMs shows how to control them in ITEr. The d-T experiments of1997 have validated ICrF scenarios for heating ITEr/a reactor and identified ion minority schemes(e.g. (~3He)dT) with strong ion heating. They also show that the slowing down of alpha particles isclassical so that the self-heating by fusion alphas should cause no unexpected problems. With thePellet Enhanced Performance mode of 1988, JET has produced the first advanced tokamak mode, withpeaked pressure profiles sustained by reversed magnetic shear and strongly reduced transport. Morerecently, LHCd has provided easy tuning of reversed shear and reliable access to ITBs. Improvedphysics understanding shows that rational g-surfaces play a key role in the formation anddevelopment of ITBs. The demonstration of real time feedback control of plasma current and pressureprofiles opens the path towards fully controlled steady-state tokamak plasmas.

关键词： fusion experiment JET high confinement regime ELMy H-mode advanced tokamakscenario d-T experiments physics basis of ITEr

Mechanical Problems in Continuous Casting

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Mechanical Problems in Continuous Casting

2007中国钢铁年会

作者： K.-H.Tacke director r＆d Aktiengesellschaft der Dillinger HüttenwerkeDillingen/SaarGermany

＜正＞Mechanical loads on the strand shell during and after solidification may induce *** modelling can identify causes and contribute to crack *** paper covers the following examples:thermal stresses induced by secondary cooling,strains induced by bulging or unbending and the non-stationary phenomenon of mould level hunting.

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Non-Clinical Safety Evaluation of Pediatric drug development

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Non-Clinical Safety Evaluation of Pediatric Drug Development

中国毒理学会第七次全国毒理学大会暨第八届湖北科技论坛

作者：张云 director of Safety Assessment RD Platform Technology ＆ Science（PTS）GSK R＆D Shanghai

Pediatric development,including non-clinical safety evaluation,is an essential and unique part of the drug-development *** appropriate pediatric strategy and plan needs to be developed timely based on the compound class / indication and many pediatric population related features to support clinical trials and regulatory needs without any delays or gaps,and this challenge will be illustrated through specific ***,it is critical to understand the dynamic global regulatory environment for pediatric development（e.g.,history of the US FdA and EU EMA pediatric regulations/guidance while ICH S11 and CFdA pediatric guidelines still under development）.regulations require an approved pediatric plan（even an application/justification of deferral/waiver request） to assess efficacy/safety in pediatric patients prior to NdA/MAA submission,and how to develop a global regulatory pediatric plan and how to best dialogue with the global regulatory agencies will be ***,pediatric safety issues are unique and related to organ system development,and an overall non-clinical pediatric plan needs to be developed based on a thorough "gap" *** is important to know that there are differences in drug safety profiles between adult and pediatric patients,and pediatric toxicities are not always predicted by adult *** addition,it is necessary to identify when juvenile animal（JA） toxicology studies are not needed;when JA studies are warranted and timing of non-clinical ***,JA study objective,design,conduct,and report will be *** are not little adults,so many special considerations are needed for JA studies,including no ’standard’ study design/endpoints and a case-by-case basis to fit the pediatric clinical plan,unpredictable dose range finding outcome and/or TK profile for dose selection,comparative development for treatment period（age at initiation/end of dosing）,practical issues（e.g.,feasible dosing route / age / formulat

关键词： Pediatric development Non-Clinical Safety Evaluation juvenile animal toxicology study

3G系统的中国Td-SCdMA标准和欧洲UTrA-Fdd标准

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世界电子元器件 2001年第5期 10-12页

作者： Kay das r&d director Asia Pacific STMicroelectronics

一、ST公司在3G多模式的能力ST公司在世界半导体市场排名第六,亚太地区排名第三,目前正在开发用于3GFdd/Tdd,Td-SCdMA和GSM/GPrS多模式移动系统的一系列平台.这些平台将会把应用开发和完全集成的基带,rF和协议堆栈子系统组合成一个整体... 详细信息

一、ST公司在3G多模式的能力ST公司在世界半导体市场排名第六,亚太地区排名第三,目前正在开发用于3GFdd/Tdd,Td-SCdMA和GSM/GPrS多模式移动系统的一系列平台.这些平台将会把应用开发和完全集成的基带,rF和协议堆栈子系统组合成一个整体.这会给移动手机开发商和制造商提供一种能适应长远发展目标的、能无缝地开发出最后可以用系统级芯片(SoC)来解决的、不同产品的能力.

关键词：第三代移动通信码分多址 UTrA-Fdd标准 Td-SCdM标准