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Heat-tolerant maize for rainfed hot,dry environments in the lowland tropics:From breeding to improved seed delivery

The Crop Journal 2023年第4期11卷 986-1000页

作者： Pervez H.Zaidi Madhumal Thayil Vinayan Sudha K.Nair Prakash H.Kuchanur Ramesh Kumar Shyam Bir Singh Mahendra Prasad Tripathi Ayyanagouda Patil Salahuddin Ahmed Aamir Hussain Atul Prabhakar Kulkarni Passang Wangmo Mitchell R.Tuinstra Boddupalli M.Prasanna International maize and Wheat Improvement Center(CIMMYT) Hyderabad 502324India University of Agricultural Sciences Raichur 584104KarnatakaIndia ICAR-Indian institute of maize research Ludhiana 141001BiharIndia National maize research Program RampurChitwan 44200Nepal Bangladesh Wheat and maize research institute Dinajpur-5201Bangladesh maize and millet research institute YusafwalaSahiwal 57000Pakistan Agriculture research and Development Centre Wengkhar 43001Bhutan institute of Plant Sciences Purdue UniversityWest LafayetteIN 47906USA International maize and Wheat Improvement Center(CIMMYT) NairobiKenya

Climate change-induced heat stress combines two challenges:high day-and nighttime temperatures,and physiological water deficit due to demand-side drought caused by increase in vapor-pressure *** is one of the major factors in low productivity of maize in rainfed stress-prone environments in South Asia,affecting a large population of smallholder farmers who depend on maize for their sustenance and *** International maize and Wheat Improvement Center(CIMMYT)maize program in Asia,in partnership with public-sector maize research institutes and private-sector seed companies in South Asian countries,is implementing an intensive initiative for developing and deploying heat-tolerant maize that combines high yield potential with resilience to heat and drought *** the integration of novel breeding tools and methods,including genomics-assisted breeding,doubled haploidy,fieldbased precision phenotyping,and trait-based selection,new maize germplasm with increased tolerance to heat stress is being developed for the South Asian *** a decade of concerted effort has resulted in the successful development and release of 20 high-yielding heat-tolerant maize hybrids in CIMMYT genetic *** public–private partnerships,eight hybrids are presently being deployed on over 50,000 ha in South Asian countries,including Bangladesh,Bhutan,India,Nepal,and Pakistan.

关键词： Climate change Drought Heat stress Lowland tropics maize Vapor pressure deficit

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Characterization of the imprinting and expression patterns of ZAG2 in maize endosperm and embryo

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The Crop Journal 2015年第1期3卷 74-79页

作者： Chaoxian Liu Jiuguang Wang Xiupeng Mei Xiaojing Deng Tingting Yu Xiaoli Liu Guoqiang Wang Zhizhai Liu Yilin Cai maize research institute Southwest University

ZAG2 has been identified as a maternally expressed imprinted gene in maize *** study revealed that paternally inherited ZAG2 alleles were imprinted in maize endosperm and embryo at 14 days after pollination(DAP), and consistently imprinted in endosperm at 10, 12, 16, 18, 20, 22, 24, 26, and 28 DAP in reciprocal crosses between B73 and Mo17. ZAG2 alleles were also imprinted in reciprocal crosses between Zheng 58 and Chang7-2 and between Huang C and 178. ZAG2 alleles exhibited differential imprinting in hybrids of 178 × Huang C and B73 × Mo17, while in other hybrids ZAG2 alleles exhibited binary imprinting. The tissue-specific expression pattern of ZAG2 showed that ZAG2 was expressed at a high level in immature ears, suggesting that ZAG2 plays important roles in not only kernel but ear development.

关键词： Gene imprinting ZAG2 Expression pattern Endosperm Embryo

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Perennial aneuploidy as a potential material for gene introgression between maize and Zea perennis

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2015年第5期14卷 839-846页

作者： FU Jie YANG Xiu-yan CHENG Ming-jun L Gui-hua WANG Pei WU Yuan-qi ZHENG Ming-min ZHOU Shu-feng RONG Ting-zhao TANG Qi-lin maize research institute Sichuan Agricultural University

Hybridization,which allows for gene flow between crops,is difficult between maize and Zea *** this study,we aim to initiate and study gene flow between maize and *** via a special aneuploid plant（MDT） derived from an interspecific hybrid of the two *** chromosome constitution and morphological characters of MDT as well as certain backcross progenies were *** from genomic in situ hybridization（GISH） indicate that aneuploid MDT consisted of nine maize chromosomes and 30 *** *** backcross progenies of MDTxmaize displayed significant diversity of vegetative and ear morphology;several unusual plants with specific chromosome constitution were founded in its *** special perennial progeny with several maize chromosomes were obtained by backcrossing MDT with ***,and the first whole chromosome introgression from maize to *** was detected in this *** this novel material and method,a number of maize-tetraploid teosinte addition or substitution lines can be generated for further study,which has great significance to maize and *** genetic research,especially for promoting introgression and transferring desirable traits.

关键词： chromosomes maize fertility pollen parental vegetative displayed tetraploid constitution sterility

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Fosmid library construction and screening for the maize mutant gene Vestigial glume 1

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The Crop Journal 2016年第1期4卷 55-60页

作者： Chaoxian Liu Xiaoli Liu Lei Lei Haiying Guan Yilin Cai maize research institute Southwest University National maize Improvement Center of China China Agricultural University maize institute Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences

The maize mutant gene Vestigial glume 1(Vg1) has been fine-mapped to a narrow region by map-based cloning and the candidate gene for Vg1 spanned 19.5 kb. Here we report Vg1 genomic fosmid library construction and screening. The fosmid library of Vg1 consisted of574,000 clones with an average insert size of 36.4 kb, representing 7.9-fold coverage of the maize genome. Fosmid stability assays indicated that clones were stable during propagation in the fosmid system. Using Vg1 candidate gene-specific primers, a positive clone was successfully identified. This discovery will pave the way for identifying the function of Vg1 in maize development.

关键词： Vestigial glume 1 Fosmid Library construction Library screening

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Isolation and expression analysis of NtCHS6, a new chalcone synthase gene from Nicotiana tabacum

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2017年第7期16卷 1443-1450页

作者： CHEN Shuai ZHANG Yin-chao PAN Xu-hao LI Yi-ting CUI Li-jie WU Feng-yan CAO Mo-ju YANG Ai-guo PAN Guang-tang maize research institute Sichuan Agricultural University Tobacco research institute Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences

Chalcone synthases （CHS, EC 2.***.1.74） are key enzymes that catalyze the first committed step in flavonoid biosynthesis. In this study, we isolated a chalcone synthase, named NtCHS6, from Nicotiana tabacum. This synthase shared high homology with the NSCHSL （Y14507） gene and contained most of the conserved active sites that are in CHS proteins. The phylogenetic analysis suggested that NtCHS6 protein shared a large genetic distance with other Solanaceae CHS proteins and was the most closely-related to an uncharacterized CHS from Solanum lycopersicum. The expression analysis indicated that NtCHS6 was abundantly expressed in leaves, especially in mature leaves. By scrutinizing its upstream promoter sequences, multiple cis-regulatory elements involved in light and drought responsive were detected. Furthermore, NtCHS6 expression decreased significantly under dark treatment and increased significantly under drought stress suggested that NtCHS6 expression exhibited both light responsiveness and drought responsiveness, and important roles in ultraviolet protection and drought tolerance. Our results might play

关键词： chalcone synthase Nicotiana tabacum leaf-specific expression light responsiveness drought responsiveness

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Transcriptomic responses in resistant and susceptible maize infected with Fusarium graminearum

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The Crop Journal 2020年第1期8卷 153-163页

作者： Guangsheng Yuan Xiujing He Hui Li Kui Xiang Li Liu Chaoying Zou Haijian Lin Jiali Wu Zhiming Zhang Guangtang Pan Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of maize in Southwest Region of Ministry of Agriculture Maize Research InstituteSichuan Agricultural University

Gibberella ear rot(GER)caused by Fusarium graminearum(teleomorph Gibberella zeae)is a common maize disease that not only severely reduces grain yield but also contaminates maize grain with *** investigated the molecular mechanism underlying the host defense responses against pathogen infection using comparative transcriptomic *** injected *** spore suspensions into plants of resistant(IBM-81)and a susceptible(IBM-85)maize inbred line after pollination and performed RNA-seq 48,72,and 96 h after *** 487 and 410 differentially expressed genes(DEGs)were induced in the resistant and susceptible lines across three time points,indicating that a stronger defense response was activated in the resistant than in the susceptible *** them,198 genes commonly induced in the two lines were subjected to pathway analysis,revealing that most of the DEGs were closely associated with defense and a wide range of metabolic *** associated with pathogenesis-related protein 1(PR1)and regulation of salicylic acid were significantly enriched during *** infection,suggesting that these DEGs play dominant roles in maize resistance to *** results provide a resource for future gene discovery and facilitate elucidation of the complex defense mechanisms involved in resistance to GER.

关键词： Gibberella ear rot Fusarium graminearum Molecular mechanism RNA-seq Differentially expressed genes

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Overexpression of the Suaeda salsa SsNHX1 gene confers enhanced salt and drought tolerance to transgenic Zea mays

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2018年第12期17卷 2612-2623页

作者： HUANG Ying ZHANG Xiao-xia LI Yi-hong DING Jian-zhou DU Han-mei ZHAO Zhuo ZHOU Li-na LIU Chan GAO Shi-bin CAO Mo-ju LU Yan-li ZHANG Su-zhi Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of maize in Southwest Region Ministry of Agriculture/Maize Research Institute Sichuan Agricultural University

maize is one of the most important crops worldwide, but it suffers from salt stress when grown in saline-alkaline soil. There is therefore an urgent need to improve maize salt tolerance and crop yield. In this study, the SsNHX1 gene of Suaeda salsa, which encodes a vacuolar membrane Na~+/H~+ antiporter, was transformed into the maize inbred line 18-599 by Agrobacterium-mediated transformation. Transgenic maize plants overexpressing the SsNHX1 gene showed less growth retardation when treated with an increasing NaCl gradient of up to 1%, indicating enhanced salt tolerance. The improved salt tolerance of transgenic plants was also demonstrated by a significantly elevated seed germination rate(79%) and a reduction in seminal root length inhibition. Moreover, transgenic plants under salt stress exhibited less physiological damage. SsNHX1-overexpressing transgenic maize accumulated more Na~+ and K~+ than wild-type(WT) plants particularly in the leaves, resulting in a higher ratio of K~+/Na~+ in the leaves under salt stress. This result revealed that the improved salt tolerance of SsNHX1-overexpressing transgenic maize plants was likely attributed to SsNHX1-mediated localization of Na~+ to vacuoles and subsequent maintenance of the cytosolic ionic balance. In addition, SsNHX1 overexpression also improved the drought tolerance of the transgenic maize plants, as rehydrated transgenic plants were restored to normal growth while WT plants did not grow normally after dehydration treatment. Therefore, based on our engineering approach, SsNHX1 represents a promising candidate gene for improving the salt and drought tolerance of maize and other crops.

关键词： Na^+/H^+ antiporter salt stress K^+/Na^+ drought stress gene transformation

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Genome-Wide Expression Profile of maize Root Response to Phosphorus Deficiency Revealed by Deep Sequencing

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2014年第6期13卷 1216-1229页

作者： SU Shun-zhong WU Ling LIU Dan LU Yan-li LIN Hai-jian ZHANG Shu-zhi SHEN Ya-ou LIU Hai-lan ZHANG Zhi-ming RONG Ting-zhao ZHANG Xiao TIAN Yue-hui NIE Zhi GAO Shi-bin Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of maize in Southwest Region Ministry of Agriculture/Maize Research InstituteSichuan Agricultural University

Phosphorus （P） is one of the three primary macronutrients that are required in large amounts for plant growth and development. To better understand molecular mechanism of maize and identify relevant genes in response to phosphorus deficiency, we used Solexa/Illumina＇s digital gene expression （DGE） technology to investigate six genome-wide expression profiles of seedling roots of the low-P tolerant maize inbred line 178. DGE studies were conducted at 6, 24 and 72 h under both phosphorus deficient and sufficient conditions. Approximately 3.93 million raw reads for each sample were sequenced and 6 816 genes exhibited significant levels of differential expressions in at least one of three time points in response to P starvation. The number of genes with increased expression increased over time from 6 to 24 h, whereas genes with decreased expression were more abundant at 72 h, suggesting a gradual response process for P deficiency at different stages. Gene annotations illustrated that most of differentially expressed genes （DEGs） are involved in different cellular and molecular processes such as environmental adaptation and carbohydrate metabolism. The expression of some known genes identified in other plants, such as those involved in root architecture, P metabolism and transport were found to be altered at least two folds, indicating that the mechanisms of molecular and morphological adaptation to P starvation are conserved in plants. This study provides insight into the general molecular mechanisms underlying plant adaptation to low-P stress and thus may facilitate molecular breeding for improving P utilization in maize.

关键词： maize phosphorus efficiency root digital gene expression

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De novo assembly of Zea nicaraguensis root transcriptome identified 5261 full-length transcripts

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2016年第6期15卷 1207-1217页

作者： JIANG Wei LIU Hai-lan WU Yuan-qi ZHANG Su-zhi LIU Jian LU Yan-li TANG Qi-lin RONG Ting-zhao maize research institute Sichuan Agricultural University Chengdu institute of Biology Chinese Academy of Sciences

Zea nicaraguensis, a wild relative of cultivated maize （Zea mays subsp, mays）, is considered to be a valuable germplasm to improve the waterlogging tolerance of cultivated maize. Use of reverse genetic-based gene cloning and function verifi- cation to discover waterlogging tolerance genes in Z. nicaraguensis is currently impractical, because little gene sequence information for Z. nicaraguensis is available in public databases. In this study, Z. nicaraguensis seedlings were subjected to simulated waterlogging stress and total RNAs were isolated from roots stressed and non-stressed controls. In total, 80 mol L-1 Illumina 100-bp paired-end reads were generated. De novo assembly of the reads generated 81 002 final non-re- dundant contigs, from which 5 261 full-length transcripts were identified. Among these full-length transcripts, 3 169 had at least one Gene Ontology （GO） annotation, 2 354 received cluster of orthologous groups （COG） terms, and 1 992 were assigned a Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes （KEGG） Orthology number. These sequence data represent a valuable resource for identification of Z. nicaraguensis genes involved in waterlogging response.

关键词： Zea nicaraguensis teosinte RNA-Seq full-length transcript

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Differential Expression of MicroRNAs in Response to Drought Stress in maize

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2013年第8期12卷 1414-1422页

作者： LI Jing-sheng FU Feng-ling AN Ming ZHOU Shu-feng SHE Yue-hui LI Wan-chen maize research institute Sichuan Agricultural University Agronomy Faculty Sichuan Agricultural University

Drought is one of the major abiotic stresses that limit maize productivity. Apart from the principal transcriptional regulation, post-transcriptional regulation mediated by microRNAs appears to be the prevalent response of plants to abiotic stress. In this study, the differential expression of microRNAs in the previously evaluated drought-tolerant inbred lines R09 under drought stress was detected by microarray hybridization. The target genes of the differentially-expressed microRNAs were predicted by bioinformatics software WMD3 for plant target gene prediction. The possible regulation of the differentially-expressed microRNAs as well as their target genes in maize response to drought stress was analysed according to Gene Ontology. Sixty-eight microRNAs in 29 microRNA families were detected to be differentially expressed in the seedling of the drought-tolerant inbred line R09, accounting for 5.97% of the total number of the probes. The expression profiles were different between the two time points of the drought stress. The functions of the genes targeted by the differentially-expressed microRNAs involve multiple physiological and biochemical pathways of response to abiotic stress, such as transcription regulation, metabolism, signal transduction, hormone stimulation, and transmembrane transport. Under drought stress, the differential expression of microRNAs regulates the expression of their target genes, resulting in multiple responses of physiological and biochemical pathways relative to drought tolerance of maize, miR156, miR159 and miR319 families may play more important roles. The different members of the same family may play similar regulation effects in most cases.

关键词： differential expression drought maize microarray microRNA target gene

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