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Can patients determine the level of their dysphagia?

World Journal of Gastroenterology 2017年第6期23卷 1038-1043页

作者： Hafiz Hamad Ashraf Joanne Palmer Harry Richard Dalton Carolyn Waters Thomas Luff Madeline Strugnell Iain Alexander Murray Departments of Gastroenterology Royal Cornwall Hospital NHS Trust research and Development Royal Cornwall Hospital NHS Trust Clinical Imaging Royal Cornwall Hospital NHS Trust

To determine if patients can localise dysphagia level determined endoscopically or radiologically and association of gender, age, level and *** review of consecutive patients presenting to dysphagia hotline between March 2004 and March 2015 was carried out. Demographics, clinical history and investigation findings were recorded including patient perception of obstruction level (pharyngeal, mid sternal or low sternal) was documented and the actual level of obstruction found on endoscopic or radiological examination (if any) was noted. All patients with evidence of obstruction including oesophageal carcinoma, peptic stricture, Schatzki ring, oesophageal pouch and cricopharyngeal hypertrophy were included in the study who had given a perceived level of dysphagia. The upper GI endoscopy reports (barium study where upper GI endoscopy was not performed) were reviewed to confirm the distance of obstructing lesion from central incisors. A previously described anatomical classification of oesophagus was used to define the level of obstruction to be upper, middle or lower oesophagus and this was compared with patient perceived *** thousand six hundred and sixty-eight patients were included, 42.0% of who were female, mean age 70.7 ± 12.8 years old. Of those with obstructing lesions, 726 gave a perceived level of dysphagia: 37.2% had oesophageal cancer, 36.0% peptic stricture, 13.1% pharyngeal pouches, 10.3% Schatzki rings and 3.3% achalasia. Twenty-seven point five percent of patients reported pharyngeal level (upper) dysphagia, 36.9% mid sternal dysphagia and 25.9% lower sternal dysphagia (9.5% reported multiple levels). The level of obstructing lesion seen on diagnostic testing was upper (17.2%), mid (19.4%) or lower (62.9%) or combined (0.3%). When patients localised their level of dysphagia to a single level, the kappa statistic was 0.245 (P < 0.001), indicating fair agreement. 48% of patients reporting a single level of dysphagia

关键词： Deglutition disorders Oesophageal stenosis Oesophageal neoplasm Gastroscopy Fluoroscopy Patient perception Pharyngeal pouch

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Ampulla of Vater carcinoma: Molecular landscape and clinical implications

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Oncology 2018年第11期10卷 370-380页

作者： Antonio Pea Giulio Riva Riccardo Bernasconi Elisabetta Sereni Rita Teresa Lawlor Aldo Scarpa Claudio Luchini Department of Surgery University and Hospital Trust of Verona Department of Diagnostics and Public Health Section of Pathology University and Hospital Trust of Verona ARC-Net research Center University and Hospital Trust of Verona

Ampulla of Vater is a peculiar anatomical structure, characterized by the crossroad of three distinct epithelia: Intestinal, ductal pancreatic and biliary. Adenocarcinomas arising in this area represent an opportunity to understand the comparative biology of all periampullary malignancies. These neoplasms can exhibit intestinal, pancreaticobiliary or mixed features, whereas the subclassification based on morphology and immunohistochemical features failed in demonstrating a robust prognostic reliability. In the last few years, the molecular landscape of this tumor entity has been uncovered, identifying alterations that may serve as prognostic and predictive biomarkers. In this review, the histological and genetic characteristics of ampullary carcinomas are discussed, taking into account the main clinical and therapeutic implications related to this tumor type as well.

关键词： Pancreatobiliary Intestinal Mixed ELF3 TP53 KRAS Ampullary Vater Histotype

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Vertebrate pesticide risk assessment by indigenous communities in New Zealand

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Integrative Zoology 2010年第1期5卷 37-43页

作者： Shaun C.OGILVIE James M.ATARIA James WAIWAI James DOHERTY Aroha MILLER James G.ROSS Charles T.EASON Ecology Department Lincoln UniversityLincolnCanterburyNew Zealand Landcare research LincolnCanterburyNew Zealand Lake Waikaremoana Hapu Restoration trust TuaiNew Zealand Tuhoe Tuawhenua trust MuruparaNew Zealand

In New Zealand,the vertebrate pesticide sodium fluoroacetate(Compound 1080)is aerially applied in baits for control of the brush-tailed possum Trichosurus vulpecula(Kerr,1792).Maori,the indigenous people of New Zealand,have raised concerns about 1080 impacts on culturally-important ***,we outline two steps taken to help Maori assess 1080 ***,field research was undertaken to determine if naturally-occurring plants utilized by a Maori community for food and medicine would take up 1080 from *** baits were placed at the base of individual plants of two species,pikopiko(Asplenium bulbiferum)and karamuramu(Coprosma robusta).Plants were sampled at various times up to 56 days,and samples were analyzed for 1080 *** 1080 was detected in any of the pikopiko samples,whereas 1080 was detected in karamuramu,at a maximum concentration of 5 ppb after seven days,and 2.5 ppb after 14 *** concentration decreased to 0 at 28 days,indicating that 1080 was not *** results of the present study suggest there is negligible risk of humans being poisoned by consum-ing plants that have taken up 1080 from *** allay community concerns that minute concentrations of 1080 might influence the medicinal properties of plants,it is suggested that a withholding period of 30 days after 1080 control operations could be ***,after further consultation we undertook a review of the scientific literature relating to 1080 impacts on additional non-target species of cultural importance to *** information was presented on an interactive foodweb database that allowed the collection and presentation of a large volume of complex information about 1080 in a holistic and pictorial *** database was presented to many Maori communities throughout New Zealand,and feedback was overwhelmingly *** database is likely to play a key role in informing these communities about 1080,and is seen as an important new tool to help these communities

关键词： 1080 indigenous communities Maori risk assessment sodium fluoroacetate

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Laboratory diagnosis of COVID-19 in secondary care hospitals in India:will standalone serology suffice?

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World Journal of Pediatrics 2021年第1期17卷 8-9页

作者： Sara Chandy Sundaram Balasubramanian Anand Manoharan Molecular Laboratory The CHILDS Trust Medical Research FoundationChennaiTamil Nadu 600034India Department of Pediatrics Kanchi Kamakoti CHILDS Trust HospitalChennaiTamil Nadu 600034India

RT-PCR is the accepted gold standard for diagnosis of *** specificity of RT-PCR is very good,but its sensitivity largely depends on the type of sample collected,timing of collection,clinical sampling protocol,and nucl... 详细信息

关键词： diagnosis specificity clinical

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Assigning conservation value and identifying hotspots of endemic rattan diversity in the Western Ghats, India

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Plant Diversity 2017年第5期39卷 263-272页

作者： Mukta Joshi Bipin Charles G. Ravikanth N.A. Aravind Ashoka trust for research in Ecology and the Environment (ATREE) Royal Enclave Srirampura Jakkur PO Bangalore 560064 India Indian Institute of Sdence Education and research Dr. Homi Bhabha Road Pashan Pune 411008 India

Rattans, or canes, are one of the most important non-timber forest products supporting the livelihood of many forest-dwelling communities in South and North-eastern India. Due to increased demand for rattan products, rattans have been extracted indiscriminately from the Western Ghats, a 1600-km mountain chain running parallel to the west coast of India. Extensive harvesting, loss of habitat and poor regeneration has resulted in dwindling rattan populations, necessitating an urgent attempt to conserve existing rattan resources. In this study, using niche-modelling tools, an attempt has been made to identify areas of high species richness of rattans in the Western Ghats, one of the mega-diversity regions of the world. We have also developed conservation values for 21 economically important and endemic rattans of the Western Ghats. We identified at least two to three sites of extremely high species richness outside the existing protected area network that should be prioritized for in situ *** study emphasizes the need to develop strategies for the long-term conservation of rattans in the Western Ghats, India.

关键词： Calamus NTFP Distribution Protected areas Gap analysis Species distribution models

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Immunohistochemical assessment of NY-ESO-1 expression in esophageal adenocarcinoma resection specimens

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2014年第14期20卷 4011-4016页

作者： Stephen J Hayes Keng Ngee Hng Peter Clark Fiona Thistlethwaite Robert E Hawkins Yeng Ang Department of Histopathology Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust Faculty of Medical and Human Sciences University of Manchester Department of Gastroenterology Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust Department of Medical Oncology The Christie NHS Foundation Trust Department of Medical Oncology Paterson Institute of Cancer ResearchUniversity of Manchester

AIM: To assess NY-ESO-1 expression in a cohort of esophageal adenocarcinomas.

关键词： Esophageal adenocarcinoma Immunohistochemistry NY-ESO-1 Stem cells Vesicle trafficking

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Pazopanib in advanced soft tissue sarcomas

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Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy 2019年第1期4卷 538-547页

作者： Alex T.J.Lee Robin L.Jones Paul H.Huang Division of Molecular Pathology The Institute of Cancer ResearchLondonUK Sarcoma Unit The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation TrustLondonUK Division of Clinical Studies Institute of Cancer ResearchLondonUK

Pazopanib is the first and only tyrosine kinase inhibitor currently approved for the treatment of multiple histological subtypes of soft tissue sarcoma(STS).Initially developed as a small molecule inhibitor of vascular endothelial growth factor receptors,preclinical work indicates that pazopanib exerts an anticancer effect through the inhibition of both angiogenic and oncogenic signaling *** the establishment of optimal dosing and safety profiles in early phase studies and approval for the treatment of advanced renal cell carcinoma,pazopanib was investigated in STS.A landmark phase III randomized study demonstrated improved progression-free survival with pazopanib compared to that with placebo in pretreated patients with STS of various *** efficacy of pazopanib in specific STS subtypes has been further described in real-world-based case series in both mixed and subtype-specific STS *** present,there are no clinically validated predictive biomarkers for use in selecting patients with advanced STS for pazopanib therapy,limiting the clinical effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of the *** this review,we summarize the preclinical and clinical data for pazopanib,outline the evidence base for its effect in STS and explore reported studies that have investigated putative biomarkers.

关键词： sarcoma clinical approval

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Delineating nuclear reprogramming

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Protein & Cell 2012年第5期3卷 329-345页

作者： Jolene Ooi Pentao Liu Wellcome trust Sanger Institute Hinxton CB101SAUnited Kingdom Agency for Science Technology and ResearchSingapore 138632Singapore

Nuclear reprogramming is described as a molecular switch,triggered by the conversion of one cell type to *** key experiments in the past century have provided insight into the field of nuclear *** deemed impossible,this re-search area is now brimming with new findings and *** this review,we aim to give a historical perspective on how the notion of nuclear reprogram-ming was established,describing main experiments that were performed,including(1)somatic cell nuclear transfer,(2)exposure to cell extracts and cell fusion,and(3)transcription factor induced lineage ***,we focus on(4)transcription factor induced pluripotency,as initiated by a landmark discovery in 2006,where the process of converting somatic cells to a pluripotent state was narrowed down to four tran-scription *** conception that somatic cells possess the capacity to revert to an immature status brings about huge clinical implications including per-sonalized therapy,drug screening and disease *** this technology has potential to revolu-tionize the medical field,it is still impeded by technical and biological *** review describes the effervescent changes in this field,addresses bottle-necks hindering its advancement and in conclusion,applies the latest findings to overcome these issues.

关键词： nuclear reprogramming naïve pluripotency

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Histo-molecular oncogenesis of pancreatic cancer:From precancerous lesions to invasive ductal adenocarcinoma

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Oncology 2018年第10期10卷 317-327页

作者： Giulio Riva Antonio Pea Camilla Pilati Giulia Fiadone Rita Teresa Lawlor Aldo Scarpa Claudio Luchini Department of Diagnostics and Public Health Section of PathologyUniversity and Hospital Trust of Verona Department of Surgery University and Hospital trust of Verona Personalized Medicine PharmacogenomicsTherapeutic Optimization Paris-Descartes University ARC-Net research Center University and Hospital Trust of Verona

Pancreatic cancer is a lethal malignancy,whose precursor lesions are pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasm,intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm,intraductal tubulopapillary neoplasm,and mucinous cystic *** better understand the biology of pancreatic cancer,it is fundamental to know its precursors and to study the mechanisms of *** of these precursors displays peculiar histological features,as well as specific molecular *** from such pre-invasive lesions,this review aims at summarizing the most important aspects of carcinogenesis of pancreatic cancer,with a specific focus on the recent advances and the future perspectives of the research on this lethal tumor type.

关键词： Oncogenesis Intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm Mucinous cystic neoplasm Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma Pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasm KRAS Carcinogenesis Pancreatic cancer Intraductal tubulopapillary neoplasm

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Estimate of the lower-limb-specific muscle parameters during bipedal walking for humans,apes and early hominids with the implications for the evolution of body proportion

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仪器仪表学报 2007年第8期28卷 1358-1366页

作者： WangWeijie Institute of Motion Analysis and research Department of Orthopedic and Trauma Surgery Dundee University Dundee DD1 9SY UK Supported in part by the grants from the Biotechnology and Biological Sciences research Council the Leverhulme Trust and the Natural Environment Research Council U.K.

Modern human has different body proportion from early hominids and great *** with others,in general,modern human adults have relatively long lower limb and heavier body *** the lower limbs provide support to the whole body and play an important role in walking,it is proposed that the ratio of the lower limb to the whole body for modern human could be beneficial to bipedal *** study tried to estimate the muscle parameters of the lower limb in walking for the subjects with various body *** a simplified musculoskeletal model,some muscle parameters of the lower limb,*** force,stress,work and power,were estimated for modern human adult,child,AL 288-1(the fossil specimens of Australopithecus afarensis,3.18 million years old)and *** results show that with the body proportion modern human adult spends less muscle work and power in walking than other *** results imply that using the cost of transport(*** muscle work of the lower limb per unit of displacement)as the criteria,the early hominids,if their body proportions were structurally similar to AL 288-1,could evolve towards what modern human adult looks like,in order to save energy during bipedal walking.

关键词：人类进化原始人类猿直立行走下肢肌肉工作参数压力

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