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The Impact of Hula Project (1993-2018) on Nutrient Migrations

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Open Journal of Ecology 2024年第3期14卷 215-227页

作者： Moshe Gophen migal-scientific research institute Kiryat Shmona Israel

During the 1950s the Hula wetlands and old lake were drained and the land converted utilization to agriculture and ecotourism. As a result of the drainage, the Peat Soil was exposed to atmospheric oxygen. The geochemical environment was modified from reductive to oxidative and the Nitrogen in it was converted from Ammonium to Nitrate. Intensive migration of Nitrate from the Hula Valley induced a national concern of water quality deterioration in the lake which was dissipated when Nitrogen deficiency was developed in Lake Kinneret. Forty years after drainage the ecosystem structure was renovated (Hula Project, HP) aimed at agricultural management and nutrient migration reduction. The paper examines through evaluation of the ecological data record (1993-2018) the impact of hydrological changes, attributed to the HP implementation on nutrient dynamics within surface waters in the Hula Valley. It is suggested that soil moisture elevation by irrigation in summer reduced Phosphorus and enhanced Nitrate concentrations.

关键词： Nitrogen Phosphorus Migration Runoff Peat Land Headwaters

Salinization-Desalinization (SDS) Processes—A Linkage between Hula Valley and Lake Kinneret Ecosystem Management

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Open Journal of Ecology 2024年第9期14卷 731-746页

作者： Moshe Gophen migal-scientific research institute in Galilee Kiryat Shmone Israel

The salinization process resulted in agricultural damage in the Hula Valley and water quality deterioration in Lake Kinneret. Therefore, salinization-desalinization (SDS) processes have been emphasized in the last two decades. Global and regional extreme climatological events and water scarcity strengthen the link between Hula Valley and Lake Kinneret management design. A bond between optimizing Hula agricultural maintenance and Kinneret water quality protection is conclusively suggested. Saline contribution originated from the southern Hula Valley region to the underground and surface water is higher than from the northern organic soil. The impact of eastern water Intrusion from the Golan Heights as surface waters, river discharge and underground seepage into the Hula Valley represent north-south gradient enhancement. Salinized surface water contribution from the Hula Valley to Lake Kinneret is unwanted because presently Kinneret desalinization management policy is critically required. The present salinization of surface and underground water in the Hula Valley indicates the upper limit suitable for agricultural crop optimization and the decline of salinity is crucial. Enhancement of the portion of Jordan water within the total balance in the valley is beneficial for Hula agricultural crops but serves as a disadvantage to Kinneret desalinization implementation. Therefore, the enhancement of lake water exchange is recommended.

关键词： Hula Valley Lake Kinneret Salinization Desalinization

Temporal, Spatial, and Hypsometrical Dispersion of Nutrients in the Hula Valley, Israel

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Open Journal of Ecology 2024年第8期14卷 604-628页

作者： Moshe Gophen Valerie Orlov-Levin migal Galilee scientific research institute Kiryat Shmone Israel

Until 1957 most of the Hula Valley was occupied by swampy wetland covered by dense vegetation and old Lake Hula. Organic matter was accumulated in the bottom, decomposed under anoxic conditions creating Peat material. The wetland and the old lake were drained and the land-use was converted into agricultural development. Nutrients migrations from the Hula Valley through the headwater discharges carrying nutrients, where nitrogen enhancement is critical, significantly affecting water quality in down-stream Lake Kinneret. The fate of the Hula originated nutrients is partly known whilst fate of the others which might be probably a threat on the Kinneret water quality is unknown. The hypsometrical and spatial distribution of the Hula Valley originated nutrients within three depths level was indicated: shallowest level of surface water, intermediate level of underground water table and the deepest level of Lignite waters. The Hypsometrical and spatial distribution and regional origin of the nutrient in the Hula Valley was defined. Organic Nitrogen, Sulfate and Nitrates are mostly Hula Valley originated nutrients whilst most of the Phosphorus externally contributed to Lake Kinneret originate outside the Hula Valley. An underground north-south Hydrological gradient and nutrient migration along was indicated. It is suggested that an underground plastic barrier do not totally prevent horizontal nutrient migration. Hypsometrical downward migrated nutrients probably accumulate within the “Lignite” depth level. Management policy of increasing Peat Soil moisture, is recommended.

关键词： Hula Valley Kinneret Nutrients Runoff Underground Lignite

Advancements in nanotechnology for the delivery of phytochemicals

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Journal of Integrative Medicine 2024年第4期22卷 385-398页

作者： Divya Chauhan Pavan K.Yadav Nazneen Sultana Arun Agarwal Saurabh Verma Manish K.Chourasia Jiaur R.Gayen Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetics Central Drug Research InstituteCouncil of Scientific and Industrial ResearchLucknow 226031Uttar PradeshIndia Academy of scientific and Innovative research Ghaziabad 201002Uttar PradeshIndia

Phytosomes(phytophospholipid complex) are dosage forms that have recently been introduced to increase the stability and therapeutic effect of herbal medicine. Currently, bioactive herbs and the phytochemicals they contain are considered to be the best remedies for chronic diseases. One promising approach to increase the efficacy of plant-based therapies is to improve the stability and bioavailability of their bio-active ingredients. Phytosomes employ phospholipids as their active ingredients, and use their amphiphilic properties to solubilize and protect herbal extracts. The unique properties of phospholipids in drug delivery and their use in herbal medicines to improve bioavailability results in significantly enhanced health benefits. The introduction of phytosome nanotechnology can alter and revolutionize the current state of drug delivery. The goal of this review is to explain the application of phytosomes, their future prospects in drug delivery, and their advantages over conventional formulations.

关键词： Phytochemical Bioavailability Drug delivery system Phytosome Plant extracts

Geochemistry and depositional environment of fuchsite quartzites from Sargur Group,western Dharwar Craton,India

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Acta Geochimica 2024年第3期43卷 555-570页

作者： C.S.Sindhuja G.Harshitha C.Manikyamba K.S.V.Subramanyam CSIR(Council of scientific and Industrial research)-National Geophysical research institute(NGRI) Uppal RoadHyderabad 500007India

Meso-Neoarchean fuchsite quartzites are present in different stratigraphic positions of Dharwar Craton including the oldest(~3.3 Ga)Sargur Group of western Dharwar *** present study deals with the petro-graphic and geochemical characteristics of the fuchsite quartzites from the Ghattihosahalli belt to evaluate their genesis,depositional setting and the enigma involved in the ancient sedimentation *** major mineral assemblages include quartz,fuchsite,and feldspars along with accessory kyanite and *** geochemical com-positions are characterized by high SiO_(2),Al_(2)O_(3),low MgO,CaO,strongly enriched Cr(1326–6899 ppm),Ba(1165–3653 ppm),Sr(46–210 ppm),V(107–868 ppm)and Zn(11–158 ppm)contents compared to the upper continental crust(UCC).The UCC normalized rare earth element(REE)patterns are characterized by depleted light REE[(La/Sm)UCC=0.33–0.95]compared to heavy REE[(Gd/Yb)_(UCC)=0.42–1.65]with conspicuous positive Eu-anomalies(Eu/Eu^(*)=1.35–18.27)characteristic of hydrothermal solutions evidenced through the interlayered *** overall major and trace element systematics reflect a combined mafic-felsic provenance and suggest their deposition at a passive continental margin *** comprehensivefield,petrographic,and geo-chemical studies indicate that these quartzites are infiltrated by Cr-richfluids released during high-grade metamorphism of associated ultramafic *** Sargur and the subse-quent Dharwar orogeny amalgamated diverse lithounits from different tectonic settings,possibly leading to the release of Cr-richfluids and the formation of fuchsite quartzite during or after the *** sug-gest a pre-existing stable crust prior to the Sargur Group and the link between orogenic events and various mineral deposits in the Dharwar Craton.

关键词： Dharwar Craton Ghattihosahalli Fuchsite quartzite Provenance Depositional setting

The Peat-Organic-Soil in the Hula Valley

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Open Journal of Ecology 2024年第4期14卷 331-342页

作者： Moshe Gophen migal Galilee Research Institute Kiryat Shmona Israel

The main soil type, principle contributor of nutrients and available agricultural land in the Hula Valley is the organic Peat. Nevertheless, the relative contribution of Phosphorus from the Hula Valley to the Lake Kinneret inputs is lower than regional outsourcing. The Nitrogenic matter, mostly Nitrate migration from the Peat soil is significant. The implementation of efficient development is the key factor of Hula Land use. The financial beneficial success of the Hula land use is therefore dependent of Peat soil properties. The porosity of the Peat Soil is high and preferential pathway volume is low and Hydraulic Conductivity is therefore low. Consequently, the Mobile Spray Irrigation line was found as most suitable for cultivation in Peat Soil. Enhancement of Summer irrigation creating moisture elevation reduces Phosphorus migration from Peat Soil and is therefore recommended and recently implemented.

关键词： Peat Wetting Dryness Alternate Hula Kinneret

Performance assessment of prefabricated vertical drains in mitigating soil reliquefaction subjected to repeated seismic events using shaking table experiments

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Frontiers of Structural and Civil Engineering 2024年第3期18卷 411-427页

作者： Gowtham PADMANABHAN Ganesh Kumar SHANMUGAM Department of Earthquake Engineering Indian Institute of Technology RoorkeeUttarakhand 247667India Geotechnical Engineering Division CSIR-Central Building research institute Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research(AcSIR)Uttarakhand 247667India

The use of prefabricated vertical drains(PVD)in liquefiable deposits is gaining attention due to enhanced ***,investigations on PVD in mitigating re-liquefaction during repeated shaking events are not *** study performed a series of shaking table experiments on untreated and PVD-treated specimens prepared with 40%and 60%relative *** sinusoidal loading was applied with an incremental peak acceleration of 0.1g,0.2g,0.3g,and 0.4g,at 5 Hz shaking frequency with 40 s *** performance of treated ground was evaluated based on the generation and dissipation of excess pore water pressure(EPWP),induced sand densification,subsidence,and cyclic stress *** addition,the strain accumulated in fresh and exhumed PVD was investigated using geotextile tensile testing apparatus aided with digital image *** evidence of pore pressure was reported up to 0.2g peak acceleration for 40%and 60%relative density *** continuous occurrence of soil densification and drainage medium restrained and delayed the generation of EPWP and expedited the dissipation *** study demonstrates PVD can mitigate re-liquefaction,without suffering from deterioration,when subjected to medium to high intense repeated shaking events.

关键词： prefabricated vertical drains drainage re-liquefaction shaking table digital image correlation

Comparison of ERA5 turbulent fluxes at the air-sea interface with measurements from a wave-following platform

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Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters 2024年第3期17卷 32-36页

作者： Said Benjeddou Denis Bourras Christopher Luneau Aix Marseille Universite National Center for Scientific ResearchMediterranean Institute of OceanographyMarseilleFrance Observatory of the Sciences of the Universe Pytheas institute National Center for Scientific ResearchMarseilleFrance

Turbulent fluxes at the air-sea interface were estimated with data collected in 2011-2020 with a low-profile platform named OCARINA during eight experiments in five regions:2011,2015,and 2016 in the Iroise Sea;2012 in the tropical Atlantic;2014 in the Chilie-Peru upwelling;2017 and 2018 in the Mediterranean Sea,and 2018 and 2020 in *** observations were carried out with moderate winds(2-10 m s^(-1))and average wave heights of 1.5 *** this study,the authors used the fluxes calculated by the bulk method using OCARINA-sampled data as the *** data can validate the fluxes estimated from ERAS reanalysis *** OCARINA and ERA5 data were taken *** do this,the authors established an algorithm to extract the OCARINA data as closely as possible to the reanalysis data in time and *** measurements of the OCARINA platform can conclude on the relevance of the widely used reanalysis data.

关键词： Ocarina ECMWF ERA5 Turbulent fluxes Louis formulation

Handgrip Strength and Low Muscle Strength Rate in Chinese Adults-China,2020

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China CDC weekly 2024年第32期6卷 821-824,I0004-I0006页

作者： Jiarong Zhu Jingjing Wang Chaoqun Fan Dongming Wu Qiang Feng Department of National Fitness and scientific Exercise research Center China Institute of Sport ScienceBeijingChina

Summary What is already known on this topic?Handgrip strength(HS)serves as a diagnostic marker for low muscle strength rate(LMSR)and reflects the level of skeletal *** the past two decades,global data indicate a downward trend in HS across various *** is added by this report?According to the latest national data,the mean HS among Chinese adults aged 20 years and older was recorded at 40.4 kg for males and 25.1 kg for females in 2020.A decline in HS was observed with increasing age,particularly among ***,lower HS values were reported in rural areas,whereas LMSR was more prevalent in these *** are the implications for public health practice?The analysis of HS and LMSR among Chinese adults is essential for the development and implementation of targeted interventions aimed at improving HS prevalence *** analysis is highly significant for public health,contributing to increased public awareness of LMSR and the promotion of preventative measures.

关键词： strength promotion analysis