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Pre-malignant processes of smoking-induced lung adenocarcinoma development: A conceptual biological model

Advances in Lung Cancer 2013年第2期2卷 32-53页

作者： Frank Tobin Gregory Vuillaume Marja Talikka Gaelle Diserens Gaelle Diserens Manuel C. Peitsch Julia Hoeng Philip Morris International R&D Philip Morris Products S.A. Neuchatel Switzerland Tobin consulting llc Newton Square PA USA

Chronic exposure to cigarette smoke is the leading cause of human lung cancer and its most prevalent form, adenocarcinoma. However, the mechanisms by which smoking induces adenocarcinoma are largely inferred from the analysis of fully developed tumors. The current work focuses on the early events that precede the existence of clinically detectable tumors and where the progressive mechanisms are believed to be different from the ones driving established tumor growth. Biological information was drawn from the literature and generalized into a conceptual model, or framework, which describes and integrates the main processes involved in the early stages of smoking-induced lung adenocarcinoma development. No such integrative representation currently exists. The biological framework presented here is based on the “field of injury” of the lung. It covers the smoking-induced stepwise transition of unexposed (naive) lung tissue to the first appearance of neoplastic cells through defined tissue states referred to as pre-field and field. Each tissue state exhibits its own formalized characteristics (or phenotype properties), which evolve as a result of the combined effects of smoking, the interactions between the different tissue properties, and the local environment represented in the framework as lung inflammation and immune surveillance. The resulting network of influences between the lung tissue states and properties provides a good understanding of the early events involved in lung adenocarcinoma triggered by smoking. The resulting conceptual model—an integrative mechanistic hypothesis—can explain a broad range of cigarette smoking and smoking cessation scenarios.

关键词： Lung Adenocarcinoma Cigarette Smoke Field Cancerization

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Recent development of unmanned aerial vehicle for plant protection in East Asia

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International Journal of Agricultural and Biological Engineering 2017年第3期10卷 18-30页

作者： He Xiongkui Jane Bonds Andreas Herbst Jan Langenakens College of Science Centre for Chemicals Application Technology(CCAT)China Agricultural UniversityBeijing 100193China Bonds consulting Group llc Panama City Florida 32408USA JKI-Federal Research Centre for Cultivated Plants Institute for Application Techniques in Plant ProtectionMesseweg 11/12 D-38104 BraunschweigGermany AAMS-Salvarani Vliegplein 14A9991 MaldegemBelgium

Recently,the growing use of unmanned aerial vehicles(UAV)for pesticide application has been reported against a wide range of crops with promising results in East Asian countries such as Japan,South Korea and *** UAV-based application technology for agrochemicals is considered as a high efficiency alternative to the conventional manual spray operations and a low-cost choice as compared to the classical manned aerial ***,the technology adoption rate and the designed optimal sprayer suitable for drone application for small scale farm remains at the development stage in China and also in *** paper reports the current status of drone pesticide application in China and makes comparisons with its neighbor countries Japan and South Korea in terms of different UAV platforms and their implementation in plant protection for different *** and opportunities for future development of UAV-based pesticide application technology are also discussed.

关键词： plant protection UAV pesticide application RPA spray technology spray quality flight control agrochemical application

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用于治疗新冠肺炎的带隔离室移动门诊医院,利马,秘鲁

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世界建筑 2020年第12期 82-85页

作者：无潘奕(译) mcc集团不详

移动医院由5种模块构成:包含妇科、儿科,具有带高效能过滤装备的康复治疗与重症监护功能的大模块;包含3个综合咨询室与接待区的大模块;包含2个隔离室、缓冲前室、卫生间与淋浴间的大模块﹔包含3个卫生间与淋浴间、洁净区与发电设备的常... 详细信息

移动医院由5种模块构成:包含妇科、儿科,具有带高效能过滤装备的康复治疗与重症监护功能的大模块;包含3个综合咨询室与接待区的大模块;包含2个隔离室、缓冲前室、卫生间与淋浴间的大模块﹔包含3个卫生间与淋浴间、洁净区与发电设备的常规模块﹔包含实验室、医技室和等候区的常规模块。以柔性连接组合模块,从而形成“医院”。

关键词：淋浴间重症监护柔性连接洁净区发电设备组合模块模块构成康复治疗

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Testing method and distribution characteristics of spatial pesticide spraying deposition quality balance for unmanned aerial vehicle

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International Journal of Agricultural and Biological Engineering 2018年第2期11卷 18-26页

作者： Changling Wang Xiongkui He Xiaonan Wang Zhichong Wang Shilin Wang Longlong Li Jane Bonds Andreas Herbst Zhiguo Wang College of Science China Agricultural UniversityBeijing 100193China Bonds consulting Group llc Panama City Florida 32408USA Institute for Application Techniques in Plant Protection Julius Kühn-Institute(JKI)Federal Research Centre for Cultivated PlantsMesseweg 11/12 D-38104 BraunschweigGermany Quanfeng Aviation Plant Protection Technology Co. Ltd.Anyang 455001China

In order to explore the spatial pesticide spraying deposition distribution,the downwash flow field characteristics for unmanned aerial vehicle(UAV)pesticide application with accurate flight height and velocity and the relationship of these two aspects,a novel measurement method was proposed in this paper.A model‘3WQF80-10’single-rotor diesel UAV was tested using this method in wheat field and the effects of flight direction,flight parameters and crosswind on the distribution of spatial spraying deposition quality balance(SSDQB)and the downwash flow field distribution were researched.A cuboid aluminum sampling frame of spatial spraying deposition quality balance(SFSSDQB)with monofilament wires was made for collecting the droplets in four directions,and a set of multi-channel micro-meteorology measurement system(MMMS)was applied for measuring the downwash wind speed in three ***,BeiDou Navigation Satellite System(BNSS)was used for controlling and recording the working height,velocity and track of this model of single-rotor *** results showed the distribution of the spatial spray deposition and the downwash flow field of UAV could be measured effectively at exact flight height and velocity via this *** the average wind speed was 0.9 m/s,the average temperature was 31.5℃ and the average relative humidity was 34.1%,and the average distribution ratios of spraying deposition for model‘3WQF80-10’UAV on the upwind part,the top part,the downwind part and the bottom part were 4.4%,2.3%,50.4%and 43.7%,*** flight directions of forward and backward had an impact on droplet deposition distribution and the working effect of flying backwards,with 60%of deposition ratio of the bottom part of the SFSSDQB,was better than flying *** was a linear negative correlation between the coefficient of variation(CV)of the bottom part and the flight height and the coefficient of determination was 0.9178,which means that the deposition distribution

关键词： unmanned aerial vehicle(UAV) spatial spraying deposition distribution downwind airflow flow field

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Quantifying Malware Evolution through Archaeology

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Journal of Information Security 2015年第2期6卷 101-110页

作者： Jeremy D. Seideman Bilal Khan Cesar Vargas The Graduate School and University Center (CUNY) New York USA Department of Math and Computer Science John Jay College (CUNY) New York USA NacoLabs consulting LLC New York USA

Dynamic analysis of malware allows us to examine malware samples, and then group those samples into families based on observed behavior. Using Boolean variables to represent the presence or absence of a range of malware behavior, we create a bitstring that represents each malware behaviorally, and then group samples into the same class if they exhibit the same behavior. Combining class definitions with malware discovery dates, we can construct a timeline of showing the emergence date of each class, in order to examine prevalence, complexity, and longevity of each class. We find that certain behavior classes are more prevalent than others, following a frequency power law. Some classes have had lower longevity, indicating that their attack profile is no longer manifested by new variants of malware, while others of greater longevity, continue to affect new computer systems. We verify for the first time commonly held intuitions on malware evolution, showing quantitatively from the archaeological record that over 80% of the time, classes of higher malware complexity emerged later than classes of lower complexity. In addition to providing historical perspective on malware evolution, the methods described in this paper may aid malware detection through classification, leading to new proactive methods to identify malicious software.

关键词： Malware Classification Evolution Dynamic Analysis

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植保无人机低空低量施药雾滴沉积飘移分布立体测试方法

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农业工程学报 2020年第4期36卷 54-62页

作者：王志翀 Andreas Herbst Jane Bonds 曾爱军赵铖何雄奎中国农业大学理学院北京100193 Julius-Kühn-Institut Institute for Application Techniques in Plant ProtectionMesseweg 11/12Braunschweig 38104Germany Bonds consulting Group llc 3900 Wasp StreetPanama City BeachFlorida 32408USA

随着植保无人机在中国的广泛使用,植保无人机的沉积分布均匀性与雾滴飘移流失也引起各方面的重视。目前,针对植保无人机施药雾滴沉积飘移的测试方法较少,且着重于从沉积或飘移中某一方面分析植保无人机雾滴沉积飘移规律,未对作业中全方... 详细信息

随着植保无人机在中国的广泛使用,植保无人机的沉积分布均匀性与雾滴飘移流失也引起各方面的重视。目前,针对植保无人机施药雾滴沉积飘移的测试方法较少,且着重于从沉积或飘移中某一方面分析植保无人机雾滴沉积飘移规律,未对作业中全方位的雾滴的沉积飘失规律进行系统测试。该文基于国际标准ISO22866和ISO24253建了1套针对低空低量植保无人机的立体测试方法,分别在地面布置沉积和飘移收集器,在空中架设立体沉积和空中飘移收集器,结合航拍影像所获取的植保无人机准确作业参数,对4个型号植保无人机分别搭载德国Lechler公司的IDK120-015和TR80-0067喷头进行了测试,系统分析了无人机周边的总沉积以验证方法准确性,计算了总地面沉降以表征可利用部分和空中耗散以评估环境风险。结果表明,各植保无人机地面沉积率在53.6%~76.6%,地面飘移率最高17.4%,空中飘移率可高达14.7%;该测试系统可收集62.4%~101.7%无人机喷洒出的雾滴。测试的4种植保无人机在搭载IDK喷头后均明显降低了雾滴飘移,但也同时降低地面沉积率;各植保无人机在搭载2种喷头时沉积规律不同,不同植保无人机设计需要选择不同喷头。该测试方法能够有效的收集并分析植保无人机在作业区域的雾滴立体分布状态,可为植保无人机综合评估提供新的参考依据。

关键词：农药无人机测试方法立体分布沉积飘移

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油动单旋翼植保无人机雾滴飘移分布特性

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农业工程学报 2017年第1期33卷 117-123页

作者：王潇楠何雄奎王昌陵王志翀李龙龙王士林 Jane·Bonds Andreas·Herbst 王志国中国农业大学理学院北京100193 Bonds consulting Group llc Panama City Florida 32408USA Institute for Chemical Application Technology ofJKI Messeweg 11/12 D-38104 BraunschweigGermany 安阳全丰航空植保科技有限公司安阳455001

为了研究油动单旋翼植保无人机在精准作业参数(速度、高度)条件下的雾滴飘移分布特性,该文建立了雾滴飘移收集测试平台,分别用雾滴飘移测试框架、等动量雾滴收集装置和培养皿收集3WQF80-10型油动单旋翼植保无人机在作业时空中及地面飘... 详细信息

为了研究油动单旋翼植保无人机在精准作业参数(速度、高度)条件下的雾滴飘移分布特性,该文建立了雾滴飘移收集测试平台,分别用雾滴飘移测试框架、等动量雾滴收集装置和培养皿收集3WQF80-10型油动单旋翼植保无人机在作业时空中及地面飘移的雾滴。将测试结果分别与侧风风速、飞行高度、飞行速度进行相关分析和回归分析,结果表明:在平均温度31.5℃、平均相对湿度34.1%的条件下,侧风风速为雾滴飘移的主要影响因素;侧风风速与等动量雾滴收集器和培养皿测得的雾滴飘移率呈正相关(相关系数r分别为0.97、0.93);而与雾滴飘移测试框架测得的雾滴飘移率无相关性;侧风风速为0.76~5.5 m/s时,90%飘移雾滴沉降在喷雾区域下风向水平距离9.3~14.5 m的范围内,因此在作业时要预留至少15 m以上缓冲区(安全区)以避免药液飘移产生的危害。研究结果可为低空低量植保无人机施药技术研究和建立植保无人机低空低量施药田间雾滴沉积与飘移测试标准提供参考。

关键词：无人机喷药风雾滴空中飘移地面飘移等动量雾滴收集器分布

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Redefinition of Fatty Liver Disease from NAFLD to MAFLD through the Lens of Drug Development and Regulatory Science

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Journal of Clinical and Translational Hepatology 2022年第2期10卷 374-382页

作者： Yasser Fouad Melissa Palmer Minjun Chen Arie Regev Rajarshi Banerjee Rob Myers Robert Riccio Richard Torstenson Ramy Younes Puneet SArora Henrik Landgren Morten A.Karsdal Martin Blake David A.Shapiro Hans-Juergen Gruss Muhammad Y.Sheikh Dina Attia Steven Bollipo Alastair D.Smith Bradley Freilich Robert G.Gish Detlef Schuppan Department of Gastroenterology Hepatologyand Endemic MedicineFaculty of MedicineMinia UniversityMiniaEgypt Gan-nex/Ascletis Pharma Co Ltd BeijingChina Liver consulting llc New YorkNYUSA Division of Bioinformatics and Biostatis-tics National Center for Toxicological ResearchUS Food and Drug AdministrationJeffersonARUSA Eli Lilly and Company IndianapolisINUSA Perspectum Diagnostics Ltd OxfordUK Gilead Sciences Inc Foster CityCAUSA Syneos Health llc MorrisvilleNCUSA Allergan Marlow International BuckinghamshireUKAstraZenecaCambridgeUK Boehringer Ingel-heim International GmbHIngelheimGermany Genentech IncSouth San FranciscoCAUSA AbbVie MarlowBuck-inghamshireUK Nordic Bioscience A/S HerlevDenmark Resonance Health BurswoodWAAustralia Intercept Phar-maceuticals Inc San DiegoCAUSA Fresno Clinical Research Center FresnoCAUSA Gastroenterology and Hepatology Department Beni-Suef UniversityBeni SuefEgypt Department of Gastroenterology and Endoscopy John Hunter HospitalNewcastleNSWAustralia School of Medicine and Public Health University of NewcastleNewcastleNSWAustralia Kan-sas City Research Institute Kansas CityMOUSA Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Loma Linda UniversityLoma LindaCAUSA Institute of Translational Immunology and Research Center for Immune Therapy University Medical CenterMainzGermany Division of Gastroenterology Beth Israel Deaconess Medical CenterHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMAUSA

Metabolic(dysfunction)-associated fatty liver disease(MAFLD)affects a third of the population and is a leading cause of liver-related *** no effective treatments exist,novel approaches to drug development are ***,outdated terminology and definitions of the disease are hampering efforts to develop new drugs and *** international consensus panel has put forth an influential proposal for the disease to be renamed from nonalcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD)to MAFLD,includ-ing a proposal for how the disease should be *** allies with the many stakeholders in MAFLD care―including patients,patients’advocates,clinicians,researchers,nurse and allied health groups,regional societies,and others―we are aware of the negative consequences of the NAFLD term and *** share the sense of urgency for change and will act in new ways to achieve our *** there is much work to be done to overcome clinical inertia and reverse worrisome recent trends,the MAFLD initiative provides a firm foundation to build *** provides a roadmap for moving for-ward toward more efficient care and affordable,sustainable drug and device innovation in MAFLD *** hope it will bring promising new opportunities for a brighter future for MAFLD care and improve care and outcomes for patients of one of the globe’s largest and costliest public health *** this viewpoint,we have revisited this initiative through the perspectives of drug development and regulatory science.

关键词： NAFLD MAFLD NASH Fatty liver disease Liver Fibrosis

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Genomic surveillance of Nevada patients revealed prevalence of unique SARS-CoV-2 variants bearing mutations in the RdRp gene

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Journal of Genetics and Genomics 2021年第1期48卷 40-51页

作者： Paul D.Hartley Richard L.Tillett David P.AuCoin Joel R.Sevinsky Yanji Xu Andrew Gorzalski Mark Pandori Erin Buttery Holly Hansen Michael A.Picker Cyprian C.Rossetto Subhash C.Verma Nevada Genomics Center RenoNV 89557USA University of Nevada RenoRenoNV 89557USA Nevada Institute of Personalized Medicine University of NevadaLas VegasNV 89154USA Department of Microbiology&Immunology University of NevadaReno School of MedicineRenoNV 89557USA Theiagen consulting LLCHighlands RanchCO 80128USA Nevada Center for Bioinformatics RenoNV 89557USA Nevada State Public Health Laboratory RenoNV 89503USA Southern Nevada Public Health Laboratory of the Southern Nevada Health District Las VegasNV 89107USA

Patients with signs of COVID-19 were tested through diagnostic RT-PCR for SARS-CoV-2 using RNA extracted from the nasopharyngeal/nasal *** determine the variants of SARS-CoV-2 circulating in the state of Nevada,specimens from 200 COVID-19 patients were sequenced through our robust sequencing platform,which enabled sequencing of SARS-CoV-2 from specimens with even very low viral loads,without the need of culture-based *** genome coverage allowed the identification of single and multi-nucleotide variants in SARS-CoV-2 in the community and their phylogenetic relationships with other variants present during the same period of the *** report the occurrence of a novel mutation at 323aa (314aa of orf1b) of nsp12 (RNA-dependent RNA polymerase) changed to phenylalanine(F) from proline (P),in the first reported isolate of SARS-CoV-2,*** 323F variant was present at a very high frequency in Northern *** modeling determined this mutation in the interface domain,which is important for the association of accessory proteins required for the *** conclusion,we report the introduction of specific SARS-CoV-2 variants at very high frequency in distinct geographic locations,which is important for understanding the evolution and circulation of SARS-CoV-2variants of public health importance,while it circulates in humans.

关键词： SARS-CoV-2 COVID-19 Genome enrichment nsp12 RdRp orf1b 314

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Technical cross-fertilization between terrestrial microgrids and ship power systems

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Journal of Modern Power Systems and Clean Energy 2016年第2期4卷 161-179页

作者： Robert E.HEBNER Fabian M.URIARTE Alexis KWASINSKI Angelo L.GATTOZZI Hunter B.ESTES Asif ANWAR Pietro CAIROLI Roger A.DOUGAL Xianyong FENG Hung-Ming CHOU Laurence J.THOMAS Manisa PIPATTANASOMPORN Saifur RAHMAN Farid KATIRAEI Michael STEURER M.Omar FARUQUE Mario A.RIOS Gustavo A.RAMOS Mirrasoul J.MOUSAVI Timothy J.mccOY Center for Electromechanics The University of Texas at AustinAustinTXUSA Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of PittsburghPittsburghPAUSA University of South Carolina ColumbiaSCUSA ABB Inc. RaleighNCUSA Texas A&M University College StationTXUSA Lauren Engineers and Constructors Inc.AbileneTXUSA Virginia Tech’s Advanced Research Institute ArlingtonVAUSA Quanta Technology Inc.RaleighNCUSA Center for Advanced Power Systems Florida State UniversityTallahasseeFLUSA Universidad de los Andes Bogota´Colombia mccoy consulting LLCMontrossVAUSA

Aspects of terrestrial microgrids and ship power systems are *** work exposes a variety of technical synergies from these two power systems to effectively advance their *** their overlap allows congruent efforts to target both systems;understanding their differences hinders conflict and redundancy in early-stage *** paper concludes by highlighting how an understanding of both systems can reduce the investment in research resources.

关键词： Microgrid Power systems Ship power systems

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