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Correlation between carbon emissions， fuel consumption of vehicles and speed limit on expressway

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Journal of Traffic and Transportation Engineering(English Edition) 2024年

作者： Chao Gao Jinliang Xu Miao Jia Zhenhua Sun School of Highway Chang'an University Shaoxing Communications Investment group Co. Ltd.

This paper aimed to investigate the correlation between carbon emissions， fuel consumption， and speed limit. A theoretical model was derived based on the energy conservation law， which expresses the relationship between vehicle’s fuel consumption and speed. Subsequently， a total of 40 sets of fuel consumption data were collected through field tests to verify the accuracy of the theoretical model at different speeds and different road longitudinal slope combinations. The fuel consumption was then converted to carbon emissions according to the carbon emission factors specified by IPCC. In the field experiment， two types of cars and trucks， which are most common on the expressways in China， were selected. Finally， the travel speed under different posted speed limits was obtained through the previously established model， and the carbon emission changes of different vehicle types at different limited speeds are calculated. The results show that the speed limit has a significant impact on fuel consumption and carbon emissions. When the speed limit increased from 80 to 120km/h， average vehicle speeds increased about 21% to 27%， and fuel consumption and carbon emissions increased from approximately 33% to 38%. Another interesting result was that the vehicle’s fuel consumption and carbon emissions are only affected by speed. The results of the study explore the effect of speed limits on carbon emissions and provide evidence for road managers to set reasonable speed limits.

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Pavement Pothole Detection System Based on Deep Learning and Binocular Vision

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Journal of Traffic and Transportation Engineering(English Edition) 2024年

作者： Tian Guan Jianyuan Cai Yu Wang Wei Yang Xiaobo Chang Yi Han School of Automobile Chang'an University China National Heavy Duty Truck group Company Limited

Due to strong vibrations and the impact on high-speed vehicles， road potholes may cause discomfort to passengers， damaging the durability of the suspension and the integrity of the cargo. Therefore， a road pothole detection system is proposed， which uses deep learning and binocular vision for precise detection in the front. Based on the impact of road surface potholes on human driving behavior decisions of manually driven vehicles， which can cause drivers to slow down or stop， change driving routes， or even increase accident risks， road surface potholes can be divided into three categories: severe potholes (deep and large potholes)， non damaged road surfaces (flat surfaces without obvious potholes or damage)， and completely damaged road surfaces (there may be large areas of potholes， cracks， or other structural damage). 6848 road surface pit condition recognition datasets were constructed using a vehicle mounted binocular camera. group attention shuffling block (CASB) is designed to enhance the expression of channel and spatial feature information in road images， while improving the existing shuffling network (ShuffleNetv2). This establishes a ShuffleNetv2 (CASB ShuffleNetv2) model based on mixed attention for identifying the state of road potholes. The experimental results show that the model has better accuracy than the basic model and can effectively detect road potholes. Due to the varying sizes of potholes on the road surface， small potholes may only require slight avoidance， while large potholes may cause serious vehicle damage. And there are different visual effects on the vertical distance of the pit. To address the aforementioned issues， the LabelImg image annotation tool was used to manually annotate the pothole areas， in order to construct a dataset for detecting 2029 road pothole areas. We replaced the ordinary convolution in the CenterNet feature extraction network with pyramid convolution with multiple receptive fields， and designed a feature fusion mo

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The organic geochemistry of crude oil in the Saltpond Basin(Ghana):Organic source input,depositional environment,and thermal maturity

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Acta Geochimica 2024年第3期43卷 424-440页

作者： Kojo Amoako Ningning Zhong Nancy Pearl Osei-Boakye Ebenezer Apesegah Research group for Marine Geochemistry(ICBM-MPI Bridging group) Institute for Chemistry and Biology of the Marine Environment(ICBM)School of Mathematics and ScienceCarl von Ossietzky UniversitäOldenburgAmmerläder HeerstraВ114-11826129 OldenburgGermany State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Resources and Prospecting College of GeosciencesChina University of PetroleumBeijing 102249China Petroleum Corporation GNPCPMBPetroleum HouseTemaGhana

The Saltpond Basin,situated within the South Atlantic margin of Ghana,is a significant area for petro-leum exploration but has received relatively limited research *** studies have examined source rock com-position,but data on crude oil organic chemistry are lack-ing,hindering understanding of the basin’s petroleum system and *** address this gap,we analyzed biomarkers and stable carbon-isotope ratios in Saltpond Basin crude oil using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–isotope ratio mass spectrometry to eluci-date organic matter source,depositional environment,and thermal *** were compared with oils from the West African segment of the South Atlantic margin,namely the Tano Basin and the Niger Delta Basin,to iden-tify potential correlations and gain insights into regional *** and isotopic results unveiled a sig-nificant prevalence of organic matter derived from lower marine *** of organic matter deposition and preservation in Saltpond oil samples suggested a suboxic marine transitional environment,contradicting conventional understanding of terrestrial dominance in such ***,the potential for degradation processes to obscure differentiation between terrestrial and marine organic mat-ter origins underscores the complex nature of organic mat-ter dynamics in transitional marine *** of molecular thermal maturity indices suggested Saltpond oils were expelled from source rocks exhibiting thermal maturity at the early maturity *** analysis unveiled genetic disparities among crude oils sourced from the Saltpond Basin and those from the Tano and Niger Delta Basin,primarily due to variations in source input and depo-sitional environment *** oil exhibits lower terrestrial organic input than Tano Basin’s crude oils,which also have less terrestrial input than Niger Delta Basin crude ***,its paleodepositional envi

关键词： Biomarkers Carbon isotopes Crude oil Saltpond Basin Ghana

Flower-like tin oxide membranes with robust three-dimensional channels for efficient removal of iron ions from hydrogen peroxide

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Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering 2024年第1期65卷 1-7页

作者： Risheng Shen Shilong Li Yuqing Sun Yuan Bai Jian Lu Wenheng Jing State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering Nanjing Tech UniversityNanjing 210009China National Energy group Science and Technology Research Institute Co. Ltd.Nanjing 210023China

Membrane technology has become the mainstream process for the production of electronic grade hydrogen peroxide(H_(2)O_(2)).But due to the oxidation degradation of the organic membranes(***)by the strong oxidative radicals(e.g.OH)generated via the activation of H_(2)O_(2)by iron ions(Fe^(3+)),the short effective lifetime of membranes remains a *** nano tin oxide(SnO_(2))has great potential for the removal of Fe^(3+)in strongly oxidative H_(2)O_(2)because of its ability to stabilize H2O_(2)and preferentially adsorb Fe^(3+).Herein,we have designed for the first time a flower-like robust SnO_(2)membrane on the ceramic support by in situ template-free one-step hydrothermal *** three-dimensional loose pore structure in the membrane built by interlacing SnO_(2)nanosheets endows the SnO_(2)membrane with a high specific surface area and abundant adsorption sites(AOH).Based on the coordination complexation and electrostatic attraction between the SnO_(2)surface and Fe^(3+),the membrane shows a high Fe3+removal efficiency(83%)and permeability(24 L·m^(-2)·h^(-1)·MPa^(-1))in H_(2)O_(2).This study provides an innovative and simple approach to designing robust SnO_(2)membranes for highly efficient removal of Fe^(3+)in harsh environments,such as strong oxidation conditions.

关键词： Hydrogen peroxide SnO_(2)membrane Adsorption Hydrothermal

Research on the design method for uniform wear of shield cutters in sand-pebble strata

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Deep Underground Science and Engineering 2024年第2期3卷 216-230页

作者： Jinxun Zhang Bo Li Guihe Wang Yusheng Jiang Hua Jiang Minglun Yin Zhengyang Sun Beijing Urban Construction group Co. Ltd.BeijingChina China University of Geosciences BeijingChina China University of Mining and Technology BeijingChina

During shield tunneling in highly abrasive formations such as sand–pebble strata,nonuniform wear of shield cutters is inevitable due to the different cutting *** downtimes and cutter replacements have become major obstacles to long-distance shield driving in sand–pebble *** on the cutter wear characteristics in sand–pebble strata in Beijing,a design methodology for the cutterhead and cutters was established in this study to achieve uniform wear of all cutters by the principle of frictional *** applicability of the design method was verified through three-dimensional simulations using the engineering discrete element *** results show that uniform wear of all cutters on the cutterhead could be achieved by installing different numbers of cutters on each trajectory radius and designing a curved spoke with a certain arch height according to the shield *** the uniform wear scheme,the cutter wear coefficient is greatly reduced,and the largest shield driving distance is increased by approximately 47%over the engineering *** research results indicate that the problem of nonuniform cutter wear in shield excavation could be overcome,thereby providing guiding significance for theoretical innovation and construction of long-distance shield excavation in highly abrasive strata.

关键词： cutter wear EDEM model long-distance shield driving sand-pebble stratum shield tunnel uniform wear design method

Improving flangeability of multiphase steel by increasing microstructural homogeneity

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Journal of Iron and Steel Research(International) 2024年第7期31卷 1736-1745页

作者： Xiao-yu Yang Yong-gang Yang Xing Fang Han-long Zhang Zhen-li Mi Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering Institute of Engineering TechnologyUniversity of Science and Technology BeijingBeijing 100083China Shanghai Baosteel group Corp.Technology Center Shanghai 201900China

Multiphase microstructure significantly increases the strength,usually at the expense of flangeability because of lacking microstructure *** further improve the strength-flangeability of multiphase steel,the microstructural homogeneity was advanced by adjusting the hard martensite/austenite(M/A)*** strength-flangeability was measured via uniaxial tensile tests and hole expansion *** microstructures were characterized using a scanning electron microscope equipped with an electron backscatter diffraction detector and a transmission electron *** tests were supplementally used to quantitatively reveal the microstructural homogeneity of the *** show that the adjusted multiphase steel achieves an excellent ultimate tensile strength(~800 MPa)and flangeability(~135%hole expansion ratio).A promising homogeneous multiphase microstructure was obtained by controlling undercooled austenite transformed at about 600℃.This microstructure consists of soft polygonal ferrite,blocky bainitic ferrite,and hard M/A *** volume fraction of M/A islands is around 5%,and the average size is less than l *** nanoindentation analysis indicated that the participation of M/A islands impressively influenced the microstructural *** strain partition and better mechanical compatibility were present in the adjusted multiphase steel since the plasticity initiation started late,which resulted in a positive ***,avoiding M/A islands distributed in the chain along the rolling direction on the matrix hindered the possibility of voids coalescing into cracks and stabilized the flanging performance.

关键词： Multiphase steel Flangeability Martensite/austenite island-Microstructural homogeneity-Microstructure Compact strip production process

Laboratory Evaluation of Performance Recovery of Aged SBS-modified Asphalt Using Regenerants with Different Base Oil Components

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China Petroleum Processing & Petrochemical Technology 2024年第2期26卷 98-107页

作者： Li Hongzhen Li Shengbin Feng Zhuangzhuang Jiang Mengmeng Li Ning Dong Fuqiang Shandong Yimeng Traffic Development group Co. Ltd.Zibo 276004China College of Civil and Transportation Engineering Hohai UniversityNanjing 210098China

In this study,the regenerative effects of different regenerants on aged SBS-modified asphalt from different perspectives were investigated,including their conventional properties,viscoelastic behavior,creep-related properties,and *** oils composed of different proportions of aromatic and saturated hydrocarbons as well as the styrene-butadiene-styrene(SBS)restorer were used to prepare the *** results showed that the components of the base oil of the regenerant played a crucial role in determining the characteristics and performance of the recycled SBSmodified *** containing a high proportion of aromatics dissolved the hard segment in the SBS restorer,thereby delaying the effect of a reduction in the regenerants on the performance of the aged asphalts at a high *** containing a high proportion of saturates dissolved the soft segment in the SBS restorer to enhance the lowtemperature performance of the recycled *** addition,the stress sensitivity of the recycled asphalts increased with the fraction of aromatics in the *** the aromatic content of the base oil components of the regenerants increased and their saturate content decreased,the state of dispersion of the SBS phase in the recycled SBS-modified asphalts *** optimal content of aromatics in the base oil of the regenerants should be set in the range of 33%to 47%to ensure the adequate performance of the recycled asphalts and a high efficiency of the SBS restorer.

关键词： aged SBS-modified asphalt regeneration mechanisms base oil rheological properties morphology

Implementingg:a Proactive Fiscal Policy

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Qiu Shi 2024年第3期16卷 13-22页

作者： Lan Fo'an CPC Leadership group Ministry of Finance

In 2023,China's economic aggregate exceeded 126 trillion yuan,showing an increase of 5.2%,and once more making China the largest engine of global *** in the national general public budget reached 21.68 trillion yuan,a... 详细信息

关键词： budget aggregate showing

Advancements in autoimmune hepatitis management:Perspectives for future guidelines

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World Journal of Hepatology 2024年第2期16卷 135-139页

作者： Marcos Mucenic Liver Transplantation group Santa Casa de Porto AlegrePorto Alegre 90035-070RSBrazil

The first-line treatment for autoimmune hepatitis involves the use of prednisone or prednisolone either as monotherapy or in combination with azathioprine(AZA).Budesonide has shown promise in inducing a complete biochemical response(CBR)with fewer adverse effects and is considered an optional first-line treatment,particularly for patients without cirrhosis;however,it is worth noting that the design of that study favored budesonide.A recent real-life study revealed higher CBR rates with prednisone when equivalent initial doses were *** guidelines recommend mycophenolate mofetil(MMF)for patients who are intolerant to *** is important to mention that the evidence supporting this recommendation is weak,primarily consisting of case ***,MMF has demonstrated superiority to AZA in the context of renal *** comparative studies have shown higher CBR rates,lower therapeutic failure rates,and reduced intolerance in the MMF *** findings may influence future guidelines,potentially leading to a significant modification in the first-line treatment of autoimmune *** recently,the only alternative to corticosteroids was lifelong maintenance treatment with AZA,which comes with notable risks,such as skin cancer and *** trials are essential for a more comprehensive assessment of treatment suspension strategies,whether relying on histological criteria,strict biochemical criteria,or a combination of ***-center studies using chloroquine diphosphate have shown promising results in significantly reducing relapse rates compared to ***,these interesting findings have yet to be replicated by other research ***,second-line drugs,such as tacrolimus,rituximab,and infliximab,should be subjected to controlled trials for further evaluation.

关键词： Autoimmune hepatitis Treatment Immunosuppression Relapse Remission induction