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unilateral rNurr1-V5 transgene expression in nigral dopaminergic neurons mitigates bilateral neuropathology and behavioral deficits in parkinsonian rats withα-synucleinopathy

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Neural Regeneration Research 2024年第9期19卷 2057-2067页

作者： Bismark Gatica-Garcia michael J.Bannon Irma Alicia martínez-Dávila Luis O.Soto-Rojas David Reyes-Corona Lourdes Escobedo minerva maldonado-Berny mE Gutierrez-Castillo Armando J.Espadas-Alvarez manuel A.Fernandez-Parrilla Juan u.mascotte-Cruz CP Rodríguez-Oviedo Irais E.Valenzuela-Arzeta Claudia Luna-Herrera Francisco E.Lopez-Salas Jaime Santoyo-Salazar Daniel martinez-Fong Departamento de Fisiología Biofísica y NeurocienciasCentro de Investigación y de Estudios AvanzadosCiudad de MéxicoMéxico Department of Pharmacology Wayne State University School of MedicineDetroitMIUSA Laboratorio de Patogénesis molecular Carrera Médico CirujanoFacultad de Estudios Superiores IztacalaUniversidad Nacional Autónoma de MéxicoTlalnepantla de BazMéxico Red de medicina para la Educación y Desarrollo y la Investigación Científica de Iztacala(Red mEDICI) Carrera Médico CirujanoFacultad de Estudios Superiores IztacalaUniversidad Nacional Autónoma de MéxicoTlalnepantla de BazMéxico Nanoparticle Therapy Institute AguascalientesMéxico Departamento de Biociencias e Ingeniería Centro Interdisciplinario de Investigaciones y Estudios sobre Medio Ambiente y DesarrolloInstituto Politécnico NacionalCiudad de MéxicoMéxico Escuela Nacional de medicina y Homeopatía Instituto Politécnico NacionalCiudad de MéxicoMéxico Departamento de Fisiología Escuela Nacional de Ciencias BiológicasInstituto Politécnico NacionalCiudad de MéxicoMéxico Departamento de Biología molecular y Biotecnología Instituto de Investigaciones BiomédicasUniversidad Nacional Autónoma de MéxicoCiudad de MéxicoMéxico Departamento de Física Centro de Investigación y de Estudios AvanzadosCiudad de MéxicoMéxico Programa de Nanociencias y Nanotecnología Centro de Investigación y de Estudios AvanzadosCiudad de MéxicoMéxico

Parkinsonism by unilateral,intranigralβ-sitosterolβ-D-glucoside administration in rats is distinguished in that theα-synuclein insult begins unilaterally but spreads bilaterally and increases in severity over time,thus replicating several clinical features of Parkinson’s disease,a typicalα-synucleinopathy.As Nurr1 repressesα-synuclein,we evaluated whether unilateral transfected of rNurr1-V5 transgene via neurotensin-polyplex to the substantia nigra on day 30 after unilateralβ-sitosterolβ-D-glucoside lesion could affect bilateral neuropathology and sensorimotor deficits on day 30 post-transfection.This study found that rNurr1-V5 expression but not that of the green fluorescent protein(the negative control)reducedβ-sitosterolβ-D-glucoside-induced neuropathology.Accordingly,a bilateral increase in tyrosine hydroxylase-positive cells and arborization occurred in the substantia nigra and increased tyrosine hydroxylase-positive ramifications in the striatum.In addition,tyrosine hydroxylase-positive cells displayed less senescence markerβ-galactosidase and more neuron-cytoskeleton markerβIII-tubulin and brain-derived neurotrophic factor.A significant decrease in activated microglia(positive to ionized calcium-binding adaptor molecule 1)and neurotoxic astrocytes(positive to glial fibrillary acidic protein and complement component 3)and increased neurotrophic astrocytes(positive to glial fibrillary acidic protein and S100 calcium-binding protein A10)also occurred in the substantia nigra.These effects followed the bilateral reduction inα-synuclein aggregates in the nigrostriatal system,improving sensorimotor behavior.Our results show that unilateral rNurr1-V5 transgene expression in nigral dopaminergic neurons mitigates bilateral neurodegeneration(senescence and loss of neuron-cytoskeleton and tyrosine hydroxylase-positive cells),neuroinflammation(activated microglia,neurotoxic astrocytes),α-synuclein aggregation,and sensorimotor deficits.Increased neurotrophic astrocytes and brain-derived neurotrophic factor can mediate t

关键词： A1 astrocytes A2 astrocytes gene therapy microglia motor deficits nanoparticles neurodegeneration neuroinflammation senescence α-synuclein aggregates

Small mammal community composition impacts bank vole (Clethrionomys glareolus) population dynamics and associated seroprevalence of Puumala orthohantavirus

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Integrative Zoology 2024年第1期19卷 52-65页

作者： Felicitas maria BuJNOCH Daniela REIL Stephan DREWES ulrike mROSENFELD Rainer G.uLRICH Jens JACOB Christian ImHOLT Julius Kühn-Institute Federal Research Centre for Cultivated PlantsInstitute for Epidemiology and Pathogen DiagnosticsRodent ResearchMünsterGermany university of münster Institute for Evolution and BiodiversityMünsterGermany Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut Federal Research Institute for Animal HealthInstitute of Novel and Emerging Infectious DiseasesGreifswald-Insel RiemsGermany

Rodents are important reservoirs for zoonotic pathogens that cause diseases in humans.Biodiversity is hypoth-esized to be closely related to pathogen prevalence through multiple direct and indirect pathways.For example,the presence of non-host species can reduce contact rates of the main reservoir host and thus reduce the risk of transmission(“dilution effect”).In addition,an overlap in ecological niches between two species could lead to increased interspecific competition,potentially limiting host densities and reducing density-dependent pathogen transmission processes.In this study,we investigated the relative impact of population-level regulation of direct and indirect drivers of the prevalence of Puumala orthohantavirus(PuuV)in bank voles(Clethrionomys glareolus)during years with high abundance.We compiled data on small mammal community composition from four regions in Germany between 2010 and 2013.Structural equation modeling revealed a strong seasonality in PuuV control mechanisms in bank voles.The abundance of shrews tended to have a negative relationship with host abundance,and host abundance positively influenced PuuV seroprevalence,while at the same time increasing the abundance of competing non-hosts like the wood mouse(Apodemus sylvaticus)and the yellow-neckedfield mouse(Apodemusflavicollis)were associated with reduced PuuV seroprevalence in the host.These results indicate that for PuuV in bank voles,dilution is associated with increased interspecific competition.Anthropogenic pressures leading to the decline of Apodemus spp.in a specific habitat could lead to the amplification of mechanisms promoting PuuV transmission within the host populations.

关键词： bank vole biodiversity Puumala orthohantavirus small mammals

Bulking up the Bay-Position Substituents Enables Enhanced Selectivity of Cs‑Symmetric Boron Subphthalocyanine−Subnaphthalocyanine Hybrids

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Precision Chemistry 2024年第4期2卷 161-181页

作者： Nina F.Farac Alan J.Lough Timothy P.Bender Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry University of TorontoTorontoOntario M5S 3E5Canada Department of Chemistry University of TorontoTorontoOntario M5S 3H6Canada Department of materials Science and Engineering University of TorontoTorontoOntario M5S 3E4Canada Department of mechanical and Industrial Engineering University of TorontoTorontoOntario M5S 3G8Canada

The precise synthesis of subporphyrinoid hybrids withπ-expanded topologies and unique material properties plays a promising role in the design of functional macrocycles.Easy,selective,and controllable routes to boron subphthalocyanine−subnaphthalocyanine hybrids,Bsub(Pc_(3‑p)-Ncp)s,are desirable for this purpose yet synthetically challenging due to random mixtures of Cs-,C3v-,and,in some cases,C1-symmetric compounds that form during traditional statistical mixed cyclotrimerizations.Herein,we addressed this issue by developing a sterically driven mixed cyclotrimerization with enhanced selectivity for the targeted Cs-symmetric hybrid and complete suppression of sterically crowded macrocyclic byproducts.This process,coupled with a rationally designed precursor bearing bulky phenyl substituents,enabled the synthesis and characterization of bay-position phenylated Ph2-(Rp)8Bsub(Pc_(2)-Nc_(1))hybrids with halogens(Rp=Cl or F)in their peripheral isoindole rings.Reaction selectivity ranged between 59 and 72%with remarkable yields,significantly higher than that of conventional mixed cyclotrimerizations.These findings were augmented by theoretical calculations on precursor Lewis basicity as guiding principles into hybrid macrocycle formation.Additionally,the incorporation of unfused phenyl groups and halogen atoms into the hybrid framework resulted in fine-tuned optical,structural,electronic,and electrochemical properties.This straightforward approach achieved improved selectivity and controlled narrowing of the product distribution,affording the efficient synthesis of structurally sophisticated Bsub(Pc_(2)-Nc_(1))hybrids.This then expands the library of 3-dimensionalπ-extended macrocycles for use in a range of applications,such as in optoelectronic devices with precisely tailored optical properties.

关键词： subphthalocyanine hybrids low-symmetry aromatic macrocycle selective cyclotrimerization sterically driven chemistry broad absorption material properties

Fuzzy and IRLNC-based routing approach to improve data storage and system reliability in IoT

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Intelligent and Converged Networks 2024年第1期5卷 68-80页

作者： u.Indumathi A.R.Arunachalam the Department of Computer Science and Engineering Dr.M.G.R.Educational and Research InstituteChennai 600095India

Internet of Things(IoT)based sensor network is largely utilized in various field for transmitting huge amount of data due to their ease and cheaper installation.While performing this entire process,there is a high possibility for data corruption in the mid of transmission.On the other hand,the network performance is also affected due to various attacks.To address these issues,an efficient algorithm that jointly offers improved data storage and reliable routing is proposed.Initially,after the deployment of sensor nodes,the election of the storage node is achieved based on a fuzzy expert system.Improved Random Linear Network Coding(IRLNC)is used to create an encoded packet.This encoded packet from the source and neighboring nodes is transmitted to the storage node.Finally,to transmit the encoded packet from the storage node to the destination shortest path is found using the Destination Sequenced Distance Vector(DSDV)algorithm.Experimental analysis of the proposed work is carried out by evaluating some of the statistical metrics.Average residual energy,packet delivery ratio,compression ratio and storage time achieved for the proposed work are 8.8%,0.92%,0.82%,and 69 s.Based on this analysis,it is revealed that better data storage system and system reliability is attained using this proposed work.

关键词： Internet of Things(IoT) data storage management fuzzy system improved random linear network coding energy utilization system reliability

Gut microbiota in preterm infants receiving breast milk or mixed feeding

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World Journal of Clinical Pediatrics 2024年第2期13卷 135-145页

作者： Sandra Gabriela Sánchez-González Bárbara Gabriela Cárdenas-del-Castillo Elvira Garza-González Gerardo R Padilla-Rivas Isaías Rodríguez-Balderrama Consuelo Treviño-Garza Fernando Félix montes-Tapia Gerardo C Palacios-Saucedo Anthony Gutiérrez-Rodríguez manuel Enrique de-la-O-Cavazos Department of Pediatrics Hospital Universitario“Dr.JoséEleuterio González”Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo LeónMonterrey 64460Nuevo LeónMéxico Departamento de Bioquímica y medicina molecular Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo LeónMonterrey 64460Nuevo LeónMéxico Department of Biochemistry and molecular medicine Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo LeónMonterrey 64460Nuevo LeónMéxico Department of Pediatric Surgery Hospital Universitario"Dr.JoséEleuterio González"Monterrey 64460Nuevo LeónMéxico

BACKGROuND Preterm birth is the leading cause of mortality in newborns,with very-low-birthweight infants usually experiencing several complications.Breast milk is considered the gold standard of nutrition,especially for preterm infants with delayed gut colonization,because it contains beneficial microorganisms,such as Lactobacilli and Bifidobacteria.AIm To analyze the gut microbiota of breastfed preterm infants with a birth weight of 1500 g or less.mETHODS An observational study was performed on preterm infants with up to 36.6 wk of gestation and a birth weight of 1500 g or less,born at the university Hospital Dr.JoséEleuterio González at monterrey,mexico.A total of 40 preterm neonates were classified into breast milk feeding(Bm)and mixed feeding(mF)groups(21 in the Bm group and 19 in the mF group),from October 2017 to June 2019.Fecal samples were collected before they were introduced to any feeding type.After full enteral feeding was achieved,the composition of the gut microbiota was analyzed using 16S rRNA gene sequencing.Numerical variables were compared using Student’s t-test or using the mann–Whitney u test for nonparametric variables.Dominance,evenness,equitability,margalef’s index,Fisher’s alpha,Chao-1 index,and Shannon’s diversity index were also calculated.RESuLTS No significant differences were observed at the genus level between the groups.Class comparison indicated higher counts of Alphaproteobacteria and Betaproteobacteria in the initial compared to the final sample of the Bm group(Punts of Gammaproteobacteria were detected in the final than in the initial sample(P=0.040).According to the margalef index,Fisher’s alpha,and Chao-1 index,a decrease in species richness from the initial to the final sample,regardless of the feeding type,was observed(Pur predominant phyla were Bacteroidetes,Actinobacteria,Firmicutes,and Proteobacteria,with Proteobacteria being the most abundant.However,no significant differences were observed between the initial and final samples

关键词： Gut microbiota Human milk Preterm infant Proteobacteria Very low birth weight 16S rRNA

Attitude control of multi-spacecraft systems on SO(3)with stochastic links failure

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Chinese Journal of Aeronautics 2024年第3期37卷 320-331页

作者： KANG Zeyu SHEN Qiang Wu Shufan Chris J.DAmAREN mu Zhongcheng School of Aeronautics and Astronautics Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 200240China Institute for Aerospace Studies University of TorontoTorontoOntario M3H 5T6Canada

In this paper,for multi-Spacecraft System(mSS)with a directed communication topology link and a static virtual leader,a controller is proposed to realize attitude consensus and attitude stabilization with stochastic links failure and actuator saturation.First,an mSS attitude error model suitable for a directed topology link and with a static virtual leader based on SO(3)is derived,which considers that the attitude error on SO(3)cannot be defined based on algebraic subtraction.Then,we design a controller to realize the mSS on SO(3)with attitude consensus and attitude stabilization under stochastic links failure and actuator saturation.Finally,the simulation results of a multi-spacecraft system with stochastic links failure and a static virtual leader spacecraft are demonstrated to illustrate the efficiency of the attitude controller.

关键词： multi-spacecraft systems Attitude consensus Attitude stabilization Stochastic links failure Super-martingale convergence

Adult neurogenesis:a real hope or a delusion?

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Neural Regeneration Research 2024年第1期19卷 6-15页

作者： Ghulam Hussain Rabia Akram Haseeb Anwar Faiqa Sajid Tehreem Iman Hyung Soo Han Chand Raza Jose-Luis Gonzalez De Aguilar Neurochemicalbiology and Genetics Laboratory(NGL) Department of PhysiologyFaculty of Life SciencesGovernment College UniversityFaisalabadPunjabPakistan Department of Physiology School of MedicineClinical Omics InstituteKyungpook National UniversityDaeguKorea Department of Zoology Faculty of Chemistry and Life SciencesGovernment College UniversityLahorePakistan INSERm U1118Mécanismes Centraux et Péripheriques de la NeurodégénérescenceStrasbourgFranceUniversitéde StrasbourgStrasbourgFrance

Adult neurogenesis,the process of creating new neurons,involves the coordinated division,migration,and differentiation of neural stem cells.This process is restricted to neurogenic niches located in two distinct areas of the brain:the subgranular zone of the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus and the subventricular zone of the lateral ventricle,where new neurons are generated and then migrate to the olfactory bulb.Neurogenesis has been thought to occur only during the embryonic and early postnatal stages and to decline with age due to a continuous depletion of neural stem cells.Interestingly,recent years have seen tremendous progress in our understanding of adult brain neurogenesis,bridging the knowledge gap between embryonic and adult neurogenesis.Here,we discuss the current status of adult brain neurogenesis in light of what we know about neural stem cells.In this notion,we talk about the importance of intra cellular signaling molecules in mobilizing endogenous neural stem cell prolife ration.Based on the current understanding,we can declare that these molecules play a role in targeting neurogenesis in the mature brain.However,to achieve this goal,we need to avoid the undesired proliferation of neural stem cells by controlling the necessary checkpoints,which can lead to tumorigenesis and prove to be a curse instead of a blessing or hope.

关键词： adult neurogenesis aging brain-derived neurotrophic factor dentate gyrus hippocampus neural stem cells neurotrophic factors Notch oxidative stress stem cells subgranular zone

Spark plasma sintering of tungsten-based WTaVCr refractory high entropy alloys for nuclear fusion applications

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International Journal of minerals,metallurgy and materials 2024年第1期31卷 146-154页

作者： Yongchul Yoo Xiang Zhang Fei Wang Xin Chen Xing-Zhong Li michael Nastasi Bai Cui Department of mechanical&materials Engineering University of Nebraska-LincolnLincolnNE 68588USA Nebraska Center for materials and Nanoscience University of Nebraska-LincolnLincolnNE 68588USA Department of Nuclear Engineering Texas A&M UniversityCollege StationTX 77843USA

W-based WTaVCr refractory high entropy alloys (RHEA) may be novel and promising candidate materials for plasma facing components in the first wall and diverter in fusion reactors. This alloy has been developed by a powder metallurgy process combining mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering (SPS). The SPSed samples contained two phases, in which the matrix is RHEA with a body-centered cubic structure, while the oxide phase was most likely Ta2VO6through a combined analysis of X-ray diffraction (XRD),energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), and selected area electron diffraction (SAED). The higher oxygen affinity of Ta and V may explain the preferential formation of their oxide phases based on thermodynamic calculations. Electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) revealed an average grain size of 6.2μm. WTaVCr RHEA showed a peak compressive strength of 2997 mPa at room temperature and much higher micro-and nano-hardness than W and other W-based RHEAs in the literature. Their high Rockwell hardness can be retained to at least 1000°C.

关键词： refractory high entropy alloy plasma-facing material fusion reactor spark plasma sintering

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Photonics Research 2024年第4期12卷 804-812页

作者： XIAOYu NIE HAOTIAN SONG WENHAN REN ZHEDONG ZHANG TAO PENG mARLAN O.SCuLLY Institute for Quantum Science and Engineering Texas A&M UniversityCollege StationTexas 77843USA School of Physics Xi’an Jiaotong UniversityXi’an 710049China Department of Physics City University of Hong KongHong KongChina Baylor university WacoTexas 76706USA

The generation of speckle patterns via random matrices, statistical definitions, or apertures may not always result in optimal outcomes. Issues such as correlation fluctuations in low ensemble numbers and diffraction in long-distance propagation can arise. Instead of improving results of specific applications, our solution is catching deep correlations of patterns with the framework, Speckle-Net, which is fundamental and universally applicable to various systems. We demonstrate this in computational ghost imaging(CGI) and structured illumination microscopy(SIm). In CGI with extremely low ensemble number, it customizes correlation width and minimizes correlation fluctuations in illuminating patterns to achieve higher-quality images. It also creates non-Rayleigh nondiffracting speckle patterns only through a phase mask modulation, which overcomes the power loss in the traditional ring-aperture method. Our approach provides new insights into the nontrivial speckle patterns and has great potential for a variety of applications including dynamic SIm, X-ray and photo-acoustic imaging, and disorder physics.

关键词： CGI Deep ghost