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Physiological and biochemical appraisal for mulching and partial rhizosphere drying of cotton

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Journal of Arid Land 2019年第5期11卷 785-794页

作者： Rashid IQBAL muhammad A S RAZA muhammad F SALEEm Imran H KHAN Salman AHmAD muhammad S ZAHEER muhammad U ASLAm Imran HAIDER Department of agronomy College of Agriculture and Environmental SciencesIslamia University of BahawalpurBahawalpur 63100Pakistan Department of agronomy University of AgricultureFaisalabad 38040Pakistan Department of agronomy Nanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjing 210000China

Water is the main factor for the healthy life of *** of the main negative effects of climate change is the increasing scarcity of water that is lethal for ***,for water deficit regions(arid and semi-arid),drought is the main factor responsible for low production of agriculture,especially for *** efforts have been and are being made to find alternatives to water saving *** study aimed to examine the effects of partial rhizosphere drying(PRD,half of the root system irrigated at one event,and the other half irrigated in the next event,and so on)with and/or without various mulching treatments on physiological and biochemical traits of *** explore this objective,we laid out experiments in completely randomized design with factorial arrangement in the Islamia University of Bahawalpur,Pakistan in *** factors included were four mulching treatments(m0,no mulching;m1,black plastic mulching;m2,wheat straw mulching;and m3,cotton sticks mulching)and two irrigation levels(I0,control(full irrigation);and I1,PRD).Fisher's analysis of variance among means of treatments was compared using least significant difference test at 5% probability *** revealed that the maximum plant height,leaf area,leaf gas exchange(photosynthetic rate and stomata conductance),chlorophyll,proline and total sugar contents,and enzyme activities were higher under m2 than under other three mulching *** for irrigation levels,higher values of plant height,photosynthesis and water related parameters(leaf water potential,leaf osmotic potential,leaf turgor potential,etc.)were *** of total sugar and proline and activities of antioxidant enzymes were significantly higher in PRD-treated plants than in control *** was concluded that combined application of PRD and mulching was more effective than the rest of the treatments used in the *** study can be conducted in the field by applying irrigation water in alternate row

关键词： antioxidant enzymes mulching partial rhizosphere drying photosynthetic rate stomatal conductance

Effect of polyamine on seed germination of wheat under drought stress is related to changes in hormones and carbohydrates

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2016年第12期15卷 2759-2774页

作者： LIU Yang XU Hong WEN Xiao-xia LIAO Yun-cheng College of agronomy Northwest A&F University

Drought is a multifaceted stress condition that inhibits crop growth. Seed germination is one of the critical and sensitive stages of plants, and its process is inhibited or even entirely prevented by drought. Polyamines （PAs） are closely associ- ated with plant resistance to drought stress and seed germination. However, little is known about the effect of PA on the seed germination of wheat under drought stress. This study investigated the involvement of PAs in regulating wheat seed germination under drought stress. Six wheat genotypes differing in drought resistance were used, and endogenous PA levels were measured during seed germination under different water treatments. In addition, external PAwas used for seed soaking and the variation of hormones, total soluble sugar and starch were measured during the seed germination under different water treatments. These results indicated that the free spermidine （Spd） accumulation in seeds during the seed germination period favored wheat seed germination under drought stress; however, the free putrescine （Put） accumulation in seeds during the seed germination period may work against wheat seed germination under drought stress. In addition, seed soaking in Spd and spermine （Spm） significantly relieved the inhibition of seed germination by drought stress; howev- er, soaking seeds in Put had no significant effect on seed germination under drought. External Spd and Spm significantly increased the endogenous indole-3-acetic acid （IAA）, zeatin （Z）＋zeatin riboside （ZR）, abscisic acid （ABA）, and gibberellins （GA） contents in seeds and accelerated the seed starch degradation and increased the concentration of soluble sugars in seeds during seed germination. This may promote wheat seed germination under drought stress. In conclusion, free Spd and Put are key factors for regulating wheat seed germination under drought stress and the effects of Spd and Put on seed germination under drought notably related to hormones and starch metab

关键词： polyamine drought seed germination wheat abscisic acid starch

Organic Amendments Improve Plant morpho-Physiology and Antioxidant metabolism in mitigating Drought Stress in Bread Wheat(Triticum aestivum L.)

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Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany 2022年第9期91卷 1959-1972页

作者： Taufika Islam Anee md.Nur Nabi Islam mohamed m.Hassan Abdul Awal Chowdhury masud md.mahabub Alam mirza Hasanuzzaman Department of agronomy Faculty of AgricultureSher-e-Bangla Agricultural UniversityDhaka1207Bangladesh Department of Biology College of ScienceTaif UniversityTaif21944Saudi Arabia

Due to the unpredictable climate change,drought stress is being considered as one of the major threats to crop ***(Triticum aestivum *** Gom-26)being a dry season crop frequently faces scarcity of water and results in a lower ***,this experiment aims to explore the role of different organic amendments(OAs)in mitigating drought stress-induced *** pot experiment consisted of different organic amendments ***,vermicompost and poultry manure@0.09 kg m^(−2)soil,biochar@2.5%w/w soil and chitosan@1%w/w soil which was imposed on the plants grown under both well-watered and drought *** showed that drought stress reduced plant height(15%),SPAD value(16%),relative water content(13%),number of spikelet spike^(−1)(17%),number of grains spike^(−1)(12%),and 100-grain weight(18%).Organic amendments act as a protectant and reduce drought stress-induced damages by enhancing the morpho-physiological and yield *** enhanced SPAD value by 18%,number of spikelets spike^(−1)by 20%,number of grains spike^(−1)by 17%,whereas poultry manure increased plant height by 16%under drought condition compared to control *** other OAs applied,vermicompost was proved to be capable of reducing the higher lipid peroxidation and proline content raised by drought *** stress-induced increment of catalase,ascorbate peroxidase and glutathione reductase activities were also efficiently modulated by the organic amendment *** present study concluded that OAs play significant roles in alleviating drought stressinduced damages by improving the morpho-physiological attributes and among the different types of OAs used vermicompost performed better which in addition ceased the production of reactive oxygen species.

关键词： Antioxidant defense biochar cereal crop chitosan compost poultry manure reactive oxygen species vermicompost

Photothermal controls of vegetative dormancy in Poa secunda

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Grassland Research 2022年第1期1卷 43-52页

作者： Allen A.Chen Shui-zhang Fei Andrew W.Lenssen Kenneth J.moore Department of Horticulture Iowa State UniversityAmesIowaUSA Department of agronomy Iowa State UniversityAmesIowaUSA

Background:Summer vegetative dormancy is a desirable trait in cool-season grasses when they are interplanted with annual *** bluegrass(Poa secunda ***.)shows summer dormancy,but the environmental cues that control dormancy remain ***:A controlled environment study using temperature and day length combinations of 32.2℃/15 h,26.6℃/14 h,21.1℃/13 h,and 15.5℃/12 h was conducted with *** accessions PI232347,PI639272,and PI232348,and‘Audubon’red fescue as a nondormant control to determine the optimum treatment for dormancy induction.A second study using treatments of 26.6℃/14 h,21.1℃/13 h,and 15.5℃/12 h was conducted to determine the thresholds for dormancy release.A third study used a factorial experiment with two temperatures(32.2℃ and 15.5℃)and two day lengths(15 and 12 h)to differentiate between temperature and day length effects on dormancy ***:Of the four temperature and day length combinations,all except for 15.5℃/12 h resulted in dormancy by the end of 6 weeks,with 32.2℃/15 h inducing dormancy in only 17 *** the three treatments for dormancy release,15.5℃/12 h broke dormancy the fastest in all accessions and released the most number of plants from *** variation existed between accessions for the speed of dormancy release in the 21.1℃/13 h and 26.6℃/14 h *** third study showed that temperature is the primary inducer for summer dormancy,while longer day length may promote dormancy under inductive ***:This study identified the optimum photothermal for induction and release of summer dormancy in ***,which will help future studies in elucidating the mechanism of summer dormancy.

关键词： controlled environment dormancy induction dormancy release Sandberg bluegrass summer dormancy

maize response to elevated plant density combined with lowered N-fertilizer rate is genotype-dependent

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The Crop Journal 2015年第2期3卷 96-109页

作者： Ahmed medhat m.Al-Naggar Reda A.Shabana mohamed m.m.Atta Tarek H.Al-Khalil agronomy Department Faculty of Agriculture Cairo University

Increasing plant density and improving N fertilizer rate along with the use of high density-tolerant genotypes would lead to maximizing maize(Zea mays L.) grain productivity per unit land area. The objective of this investigation was to match the functions of optimum plant density and adequate nitrogen fertilizer application to produce the highest possible yields per unit area with the greatest maize genotype efficiency. Six maize inbred lines differing in tolerance to low N and high density(D) [three tolerant(T); L-17, L-18, L-53,and three sensitive(S); L-29, L-54, L-55] were chosen for diallel crosses. Parents and crosses were evaluated in the 2012 and 2013 seasons under three plant densities: low(47,600),medium(71,400), and high(95,200) plants ha-1and three N fertilization rates: low(no N addition), medium(285 kg N ha-1) and high(570 kg N ha-1). The T × T crosses were superior to the S × S and T × S crosses under the low N–high D environment in most studied traits across seasons. The relationships between the nine environments and grain yield per hectare(GYPH) showed near-linear regression functions for inbreds L54, L29, and L55 and hybrids L18 × L53 and L18 × L55 with the highest GYPH at a density of47,600 plants ha-1and N rate of 570 kg N ha-1and a curvilinear relationship for inbreds L17, L18, and L53 and the rest of the hybrids with the highest GYPH at a density of95,200 plants ha-1combined with an N rate of 570 kg N ha-1. Cross L17 × L54 gave the highest grain yield in this study under both high N–high-D(19.9 t ha-1) and medium N–high-D environments(17.6 t ha-1).

关键词： Quadratic regression Appropriate N rate High-density tolerant maize Unit area productivity

Influence of pyrolysis temperature on rice straw biochar properties and corresponding effects on dynamic changes in bispyribac-sodium adsorption and leaching behavior in soil

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Pedosphere 2023年第3期33卷 463-478页

作者： Pervinder KAUR Neha SHARmA Khushwinder KAUR Department of agronomy Punjab Agricultural UniversityLudhianaPunjab 141004(India) Department of Chemistry Punjab Agricultural UniversityLudhianaPunjab 141004(India) Department of Chemistry Panjab UniversityChandigarh 160014(India)

Bispyribac-sodium is a weakly acidic herbicide with high water solubility and is thus a potential source of groundwater *** the risk inherent to the use of this herbicide,this study assessed the impacts of rice straw(RS)and biochar amendments on the adsorption and leaching behavior of bispyribac-sodium in *** were produced from RS at different pyrolysis temperatures and characterized using various spectral *** straw had a surface area of 3.996×10^(4)m^(2)kg^(-1),which increased under pyrolysis;biochars prepared at 350 and 550℃(RS350 and RS550)in a closed furnace with limited oxygen supply had a surface area of 5.763×10^(4)and 6.890×10^(4)m^(2)kg^(-1),respectively,and biochar prepared by purging the pyroformer with N2(Rsc)had the highest surface area of 12.173×10^(4)m^(2)kg^(-1).After amendment with RS and biochar,soil Freundlich adsorption capacity(KF ads)increased to varying extents in the order Rsc>RS350>RS550,from 2.89×10^(3)to 29.57×10^(3)mg^(1-1)/nkg^(-1)L1/n,compared to1.55×10^(3)mg^(1-1)/nkg^(-1)L1/nin unamended *** variability in KF ads of bispyribac-sodium amongst the RS-and biochar-amended soils was dependent on the surface area of the *** desorption of bispyribac-sodium decreased in the RS-and biochar-amended soils and varied from90.45%to 95.20%in unamended soils and from 60.95%to 89.50%in amended *** adsorption and desorption of bispyribac-sodium varied significantly depending on its concentration and the type and application rate of soil *** leaching risk evaluation indices,viz.,modified leach index(***),leach index(LEACH),groundwater ubiquity score(GUS),Hornsby index(HI),leaching index(LIN),and pesticide leaching potential(PLP)index,were used to assess the susceptibility of groundwater to herbicide *** reduce the repetitive effects of common parameters in each index,a new index was developed by employing principal component analysis(PCA)to condense their infor

关键词： desorption Freundlich model groundwater contamination leaching potential leaching risk evaluation index pesticide soil amendment Temkin isotherm

melatonin Promotes Rice Seed Germination under Drought Stress by Regulating Antioxidant Capacity

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Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany 2023年第5期92卷 1571-1587页

作者： Luqian Zhang Xilin Fang Nan Yu Jun Chen Haodong Wang Quansheng Shen Guanghui Chen Yue Wang College of agronomy Hunan Agricultural UniversityChangsha410128China The Key Laboratory of Crop Germplasm Innovation and Resource Utilization of Hunan Province Hunan Agricultural UniversityChangsha410128China

Drought stress is a serious threat to the germination of plant seeds and the growth of *** has been proven to play an important role in alleviating plant ***,its effect on seed germination under drought conditions is still poorly ***,we studied the effects of melatonin on rice seed germination and physiological characteristics under drought *** seeds were treated with different concentrations of melatonin(i.e.,0,20,100,and 500μm)and drought stress was simulated with 5%polyethylene glycol 6000(PEG6000).The results showed that 100μm melatonin can effectively improve the germination potential,rate and index;the vigor index of rice seeds;and the length of the shoot and *** addition,that treatment also increased the activity of superoxide dismutase(SOD),peroxidase(POD)and catalase(CAT),and reduced the content of malondialdehyde(mDA).The grey relational grade between the shoot mDA content and the melatonin seed-soaking treatment was the highest,which could be useful for evaluating the effect of melatonin on drought ***-way analysis of variance showed that the effect of single melatonin treatment on rice seeds was more significant than that of single drought stress and interaction treatment of drought and melatonin(pm melatonin significantly improved the germination and physiological indexes of rice seeds and effectively alleviated the adverse effects of drought stress on rice *** results helped to improve the understanding of the morphological and physiological involvement of melatonin in promoting seed germination and seedling development under drought stress.

关键词： Rice drought stress melatonin seed germination

Effect of delayed sowing on grain number, grain weight, and protein concentration of wheat grains at specific positions within spikes

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2023年第8期22卷 2359-2369页

作者： CHU Jin-peng GUO Xin-hu ZHENG Fei-na ZHANG Xiu DAI Xing-long HE ming-rong State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology/Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Agronomy CollegeShandong Agricultural UniversityTai'an 271018P.R.China

Delays in sowing have significant effects on the grain yield,yield components,and grain protein concentrations of winter ***,little is known about how delayed sowing affects these characteristics at different positions in the wheat *** this study,the effects of sowing date were investigated in a winter wheat cultivar,Shannong 30,which was sown in 2019 and 2020 on October 8(normal sowing)and October 22(late sowing)under field *** sowing increased the partitioning of ^(13)C-assimilates to spikes,particularly to florets at the apical section of a spike and those occupying distal positions on the same ***,the increase in grain number was the greatest for the apical sections,followed by the basal and central *** significant differences were observed between sowing dates in the superior grain number in the basal and central sections,while the number in apical sections was significantly *** number of inferior grains in each section also increased substantially in response to delayed *** average grain weights in all sections remained unchanged under delayed sowing because there were parallel increases in grain number and ^(13)C-assimilate partitioning to grains at specific positions in the *** in grain number m^(–2) resulted in reduced grain protein concentrations as the limited nitrogen supply was diluted into more *** sowing caused the greatest reduction in grain protein concentration in the basal sections,followed by the central and apical *** significant differences in the reduction of the grain protein concentration were observed between the inferior and superior grains under delayed *** conclusion,a 2-week delay in sowing improved grain yield through increased grain number per spike,which originated principally from an increased grain number in the apical sections of spikes and in distal positions on the same ***,grain protein concentrations dec

关键词： wheat delay in sowing grain number grain weight grain protein concentration

Switchgrass sward establishment selection is consistent across multiple environments and fertilization levels

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Grassland Research 2022年第4期1卷 252-261页

作者： Neal W.Tilhou michael D.Casler Department of agronomy University of WisconsinMadisonWisconsinUSA USDA-ARS US Dairy Forage Research CenterMadisonWisconsinUSA

Background Strong selection can occur during switchgrass sward *** in establishment selection due to environment or management could provide information on genotype-by-environment variation and could influence strategies for breeding perennial *** Leaf samples were collected before sward establishment and from 3-year-old swards for two breeding groups(lowland and hybrid)at three *** two locations,samples were collected from paired fertilized(112 kg N ha−1)and unfertilized *** frequencies from pooled DNA samples were studied through multivariate analysis of variance,genomewide trait predictions(heading date and winter survivorship),and genomically estimated breeding values(GEBVs)for individual sward survival within an independent data *** This study found only minor variations in selection due to location or *** heading dates of the hybrid population had significant changes due to fertilization and *** were strong correlations among sward establishment survival GEBVs between growing environments(hybrid r=0.77;gulf r=0.97).Interestingly,this study found a small number of genotypes that were over-represented in established swards across all growing environments.

关键词： genomic prediction grassland establishment Panicum virgatum polygenic traits selection