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Effects of residue management and nitrogen fertilizer rates on accumulation of soil residual nitrate and wheat yield under no-tillage system in south-west of Iran

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International Soil and Water Conservation research 2021年第1期9卷 116-126页

作者： majid Roozbeh majid Rajaie agricultural Engineering research Department Darab Agricultural Research StationFars Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education CenterAREEOIran Soil and Water research Department Darab Agricultural Research StationFars Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education CenterAREEOIran

Conservation tillage,residue management and optimizing nitrogen(N)fertilization are important stra-tegies for soil and water conservation and sustainability of agricultural *** order to evaluate the effects of various residue management methods and N fertilizer rates on some soil quality indicators,accumulation of residual soil nitrate,and wheat yield under no till system,a split-plot experiment was arranged in a randomized complete block design with three *** plots were three residue management methods,including retaining(R.m1),removing(R.m2)and shredding(R.m3)of corn *** subplots consisted of four N fertilizer rates,100(N1),150(N2),200(N3),and 250(N4)kg N ha^(-1) from urea *** results showed that soil organic carbon and total N in R.m1 and R.m3 treatments increased at the depth of 0-15 cm as compared to *** maximum accumulation of soil nitrate was observed in R.m1 x N4 and R.m3 x N4 interactions at the soil depth of *** results of this study showed that R.m1 x N3 and R.m3 x N3 interactions had a greater impact on wheat yield than the sole effect of R.m1 or *** to our findings,application of 200 kg N ha^(-1) in combination with R.m1 which had once less tractor passing for mechanical shredding than R.m3,can contribute effectively to improve soil quality indicators,control soil residual nitrate and subsequently produce more wheat grain yield in the south-west of Iran.

关键词： No-tillage Corn residue Total nitrogen Nitrate accumulation Organic carbon

Biomass and carbon stocks in three types of Persian oak(Quercus brantii ***)of Zagros forests in a semi-arid area,Iran

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Journal of Arid Land 2020年第5期12卷 766-774页

作者： Ali mAHDAVI Soghra SAIDI Yaghob IRANmANESH mostafa NADERI Faculty of Agriculture and natural resources Ilam UniversityIlam 69315516Iran research Division of natural resources Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education CenterAREEOShahrekord ***Iran

Persian oak(Quercus brantii ***)is a dominant tree species of Zagros forests in a semi-arid area,western ***,the capacity of biomass and carbon stocks of these forests is not well *** selected three types of oak,i.e.,seed-originated oak,coppice oak and mixed(seed-originated and coppice)oak of Zagros forests in Dalab valley,Ilam Province,Iran to survey the capacity of biomass and carbon stocks in *** plots with an area of 1000 m2 were systematically and randomly assigned to each type of *** characteristics of trees,such as diameter at breast height(DBH),height,crown diameter and the number of sprouts in each plot were ***,aboveground biomass(AGB),belowground biomass(BGB),aboveground carbon stock(AGCS)and belowground carbon stock(BGCS)of each tree in plots were calculated using allometric *** litterfall biomass(LFB)and litterfall carbon stock(LFCS)were measured in a quadrat with 1 m×1 m in each ***-way analysis of variance and Duncan's test were performed to detect the differences in biomass and carbon stocks among three types of *** showed that AGB,BGB and BGCS were significantly different among three types of *** highest values of AGB,AGCS,BGB and BGCS in seed-originated oak were 76,043.25,14,725.55,36,737.79 and 7362.77 kg/hm2,***,the highest values of LFB and LFCS in seed-originated oak were 3298.33 and 1520.48 kg/hm2,respectively,which were significantly higher than those of the other two types of *** results imply the significant role of seed-originated oak for the regeneration of Zagros *** conservation strategy of seed-originated oak is an important step in the sustainable management of Zagros forests in Iran.

关键词： biomass carbon stock seed-originated forest coppice forest Zagros forest

Pre-sowing treatment for breaking dormancy in Acer velutinum Boiss. seed lots

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Journal of Forestry research 2013年第2期24卷 273-278页

作者： mostafa Farhadi mulualem Tigabu Alireza Ghasemi Arian mehdi Sharifani Abolfazl Daneshvar Per Christer Oden Swedish University of agricultural sciences Southern Swedish Forest Research Centre education center of Jihad-Agriculture Gorgan University of agricultural sciences and natural resources Horticulture Department

Acer velutinum Boiss is a valuable tree species native to Iran, and its seeds possess physiological dormancy that hampers seedling production in the nursery for large-scale reforestation efforts. The aim of this study was to determine the optimal dormancy breaking treatments for A. velutinum seeds. We conducted a factorial experiment involving six seed lots collected along an elevation gradient from 300 to 1800 m at 300 m interval and four cold-moist stratification periods （0, 4, 8 and 16 weeks） at 4℃ and 70% relative humidity. The result shows that the germination of cold-moist stratified seeds was significantly （p 〈 0.0001） higher than the control for all seed lots. The highest germination capacity was recorded after 16 weeks of cold-moist stratification for all seed lots （68% 88% depending on the seed lot） except those collected from mid altitude sites （600 and 900 m） that germinated equally well （≥ 75%） after 4and 8-week of clod-moist stratification compared to the other seed lots. The mean germination time was significantly shorter （12 to 19 days, depending on the seed lot） for seeds stratified for 16 weeks than for untreated seeds. It can be concluded that：（1） cold-moist stratification for 16 weeks is the best pre-sowing treatment for breaking dormancy in A. velutinum seeds; and （2） seeds should be collected from mid altitude sites （600 and 900 m） to get more than 80% germination within 15 days, and these seed lots even required shorter cold-moist stratification period（eight weeks） than other seed lots.

关键词： cold-stratification altitude physiological dormancy velvet maple seed germination

Adult size and tinning of reproduction in five species of Asobara parasitoid wasps

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Insect science 2020年第6期27卷 1334-1345页

作者： majeed Askari Seyahooei Ken Kraaijeveld Abdoolnabi Bagheri Jacques J.mvan Alphen Plant Protection research Department Hormozgan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education CenterAgricultural Research Education and Extension Organization(AREEO)Bandar AbbasIran Faculty of Earth and Life sciences Institute of Ecological ScienceAnimal EcologyVrije University AmsterdamAmsterdamthe Netherlands Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem dynamics University of AmsterdamAmsterdamthe Netherlands

The majority o f adult parasitoid wasps are unable to synthesize lipids and therefore face a trade-off between the investment of lipids in eggs or in the maintenance of *** has been shown that resource allocation should depend on body size in *** that smaller females have shorter expected life times,they should concentrate their reproductive effort into early *** test this prediction,we investigated the relationship between body size and the timing of egg production in *** measured body size,lipid reserves,and reproductive investment(number of eggs,ovigeny index equivalent[OIE]and egg size)at eclosion in five species of Asobara(Hymenoptera:Braconidae)originating from different geographic and climatic *** results show significant interspecific variation in all these traits.A diagnostic test for phylogenetic independence revealed that closely related species did not resemble each other more closely than expected by chance for all traits *** reserves scaled positively with body size both between and within *** agreement with theory,01 correlated negatively with body size both between and within *** egg area at eclosion correlated negatively with lipid reserves both between and within *** indicates the existence of a trade-off between allocation of lipids to current reproduction and survival/future *** the exception of the most extreme pro-ovigenic species,*** im ilis,we found that proovigeny was compensated for by small egg *** results indicate the role of habitats in shaping interspecific variation in resource allocation strategies.

关键词： hymenopterous parasitoids lipid reserve ovigeny index equivalent reproduction strategy resource allocation

The off-site implications of deforestation on sedimentation rates and pollution in Abkenar open water (Anzali Lagoon, Caspian Sea) using radionuclide techniques and sediment quality indices

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International Journal of Sediment research 2022年第3期37卷 370-382页

作者： mohammadreza Gharibreza mohammad Zaman mahmood Arabkhedri Shahriar Sobh-Zahedi Soil Conservation and Watershed management research Institute Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organization (AREEO) Soil and Water management & Crop Nutrition Section Joint FAO/IAEA Division of Nuclear Techniques in Food and Agriculture International Atomic Energy AgencyVienna International Centre Guilan agricultural and natural resources research and education center AREEO

Abkenar open water(AOW) has a 35 km~2 distribution and is the largest part of the Anzali Lagoon in the southern coastal zone of the Caspian Sea. The effects of deforestation in the upstream basin of the AOW were assessed by measuring the rate of sedimentation, sediment contamination, and ecological risk for aquatic life and end-users using radioisotopes Cesium-137 and Lead-210. The chronology of the AOW sediment column was studied using the Constant Rate of Supply model. Correlations between environmental changes and the sedimentary regime of the study area highlight the contribution of the AOW authorized international and local wood harvesting companies pre-and-post 1950 in the catchment in terms of the rate of sediment supply and the influx of toxic metals. Historical evidence shows that two specific layers formed during World Wars I and II with the mean rates of 0.185 ± 0.04(±STD) and 0.32 ± 0.02 kg/(m·y), respectively. The highest influx of alkali elements and toxic metals(nickel, cadmium, lead, zinc, and copper) into the basin occurred in 1945. Two layers of gray mud(16-50 cm) and organic-rich dark loss mud(0-16 cm) correlated well with the programmed wood harvesting *** layers accumulated from 1953 to 2000 with a mean rate of 0.6 ± 0.2 and 2 ± 0.7 kg/(m~2·y). Thus,aquatic life and end-users have been exposed to moderate to extremely high levels of toxic metals and a moderate level of contamination since the 1950 s.

关键词： Abkenar open water Accumulation rate Anzali Lagoon Sediment contamination CRS model Radioisotopes

Assessing morphological changes in a human-impacted alluvial system using hydro-sediment modeling and remote sensing

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International Journal of Sediment research 2021年第3期36卷 439-448页

作者： mohammad Reza Shojaeian Zahra Karimidastenaei Omid Rahmati Ali Torabi Haghighi Water Energy and Environmental Engineering Research Unit University of Oulu Soil Conservation and Watershed management research Department Kurdistan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education CenterAREEO Sanandaj 661693 6311 Iran Mohammad Reza Shojaeiana Zahra Karimidastenaeia * Omid RahmatibAli Torabi Haghighia aWater Energy and Environmental Engineering Research Unit University of Oulu P.O.Box 4300 FIN-90014 Oulu Finland bSoil Conservation and Watershed Management Research Department Kurdistan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education CenterAREEO

Construction of managed aquifer recharge structures(mARS) to store floodwater is a common strategy for storing depleted groundwater resources in arid and semi-arid regions, as part of integrated water resources management(IWRm). mARS divert surface water to groundwater, but this can affect downstream fluvial processes. The impact of mARS on fluvial processes was investigated in this study by combining remote sensing techniques with hydro-sediment modeling for the case of the Kaboutar-AliChay aquifer, northwestern Iran. The impact of mARS on groundwater dynamics was assessed, sedimentation across the mARS was modeled using a 2 D hydrodynamic model, and morphological changes were quantified in the human-impacted alluvial fan using Landsat time series data and statistical methods. Changes were detected by comparing data for the periods before(1985 e1996) and after(1997 e2018) mARS construction. The results showed that the rate of groundwater depletion decreased from2.14 m/yr before to 0.86 m/yr after mARS construction. Hydro-sediment modeling revealed that mARS ponds slowed water outflow, resulting in a severe decrease in sediment load which lead to a change from sediment deposition to sediment erosion in the alluvial fan. morphometric analyses revealed decreasing alluvial fan area and indicated significant differences(p mpact periods for different morphometric parameters analyzed. The rate of change in area of the Kaboutar-Ali-Chay alluvial fan changed from à0.228 to à0.115 km2/year between pre-and post-impact periods.

关键词： Groundwater recharge mARS CCHE2D Landsat Statistical analysis Alluvial fan

Non-negligible factors in low-pressure sprinkler irrigation:droplet impact angle and shear stress

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Journal of Arid Land 2022年第11期14卷 1293-1316页

作者： HUI Xin ZHENG Yudong mUHAmmAD Rizwan Shoukat TAN Haibin YAN Haijun College of Water resources and Civil Engineering China Agricultural UniversityBeijing 100083China Engineering research center of agricultural Water-Saving and Water resources Ministry of EducationBeijing 100083China Semi-arid Agriculture Engineering&Technology research center of China Shijiazhuang 050051China

Droplet shear stress is considered as an important indicator that reflects soil erosion in sprinkler irrigation more accurately than kinetic energy,and the effect of droplet impact angle on the shear stress cannot be *** this study,radial distribution of droplet impact angles,velocities,and shear stresses were investigated using a two-dimensional video disdrometer with three types of low-pressure sprinkler(Nelson D3000,R3000,and Komet KPT)under two operating pressures(103 and 138 kPa)and three nozzle diameters(3.97,5.95,and 7.94 mm).Furthermore,the relationships among these characteristical parameters of droplet were analyzed,and their influencing factors were comprehensively *** various types of sprinkler,operating pressures,and nozzle diameters,the smaller impact angles and larger velocities of droplets were found to occur closer to the sprinkler,resulting in relatively low droplet shear *** increase in distance from the sprinkler caused the droplet impact angle to decrease and velocity to increase,which contributed to a significant increase in the shear stress that reached the peak value at the end of the ***,the end of the jet was the most prone to soil erosion in the radial direction,and the soil erosion in sprinkler irrigation could not only be attributed to the droplet kinetic energy,but also needed to be combined with the analysis of its shear *** comparing the radial distributions of average droplet shear stresses among the three types of sprinklers,D3000 exhibited the largest value(26.94-3313.51 N/m^(2)),followed by R3000(33.34-2650.80 N/m^(2)),and KPT(16.15-2485.69 N/m^(2)).From the perspective of minimizing the risk of soil erosion,KPT sprinkler was more suitable for low-pressure sprinkler irrigation than D3000 and R3000 *** addition to selecting the appropriate sprinkler type to reduce the droplet shear stress,a suitable sprinkler spacing could also provide acceptable results,because the distance

关键词： center pivot irrigation system water droplet universal model soil erosion water-saving irrigation

Forest composition and red oak (Quercus sp.) response to elevation gradients across greentree reservoirs

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Forest Ecosystems 2023年第5期10卷 607-617页

作者： Cassandra Hug Pradip Saud Keith mcKnight Douglas C.Osborne College of Forestry Agriculturaland Natural ResourcesUniversity of Arkansas at MonticelloMonticelloAR71656USA USFWS/Lower mississippi Valley Joint Venture TylerTX75707USA Five Oaks Ag research and education center HumphreyAR72073USA

Elevation gradients within forested wetlands have long been recognized for their role in defining species composition through factors such as hydrology and soil *** reservoirs(GTRs)are leveeimpounded tracts of bottomland hardwood forest flooded throughout the winter months to provide habitat for overwintering *** flooding of GTRs alters the forest composition due to flood frequency,depth,and duration in combination with slight changes in *** evaluate the effect of elevation gradients,soil properties,and management techniques in the overstory species composition and red oak(Quercus spp.)species abundance,we inventoried 662 plots across 12 independent GTRs in eastern *** the lower elevations ranging from 50.98 to 54.99 m above sea level,the importance value index(IVI)was highest for nuttall oak(Quercus texana)and overcup oak(Quercus lyrata),whereas IVI shifted to cherrybark oak(Quercus pagoda)in the higher elevations ranging from 54.99 to 58.00 *** diversity did not differ by elevation gradient,soil property,or management technique within *** diversity,using non-metric multi-dimensional scaling(NmDS)analysis,indicated site-specific variability significantly correlated with the environmental predictors,including elevation(R^(2)=0.57),easting(R^(2)=0.47),soil texture(R^(2)=0.21),and pH(R^(2)=0.12).Red oak species-specific mixed-effects modeling of abundance response using Poisson distribution suggested an inverse correlation of nuttall oak and a direct correlation of cherrybark oak abundance with ***,willow oak(Quercus phellos)abundance was not significantly affected by elevation but was by silt loam soil texture and restoration management *** findings will aid management efforts to reduce the dominance of less desirable species that are prominent under specific environmental conditions and promote the dominance of more desirable *** GTR sustainability is increas

关键词： Bottomland hardwoods Diversity Forested wetland Overstory Red oak Soil Thinning and management

Effects of Different Heating Systems on Cucumber Yield in Greenhouses and Cost and Gas Volume Consumed in Varamin Region

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Journal of agricultural science and Technology(B) 2020年第6期10卷 341-349页

作者： majid Rashidi Karim Arabsalmani Behnam Zand Greenhouse Cultivation research Department Tehran Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education CenterAgricultural ResearchEducation and Extension Organization(AREEO)VaraminIran Seed and Plant Improvement research Department Tehran Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education CenterAgricultural ResearchEducation and Extension Organization(AREEO)VaraminIran

This research was conducted to investigate the effects of three heating systems on cucumber yield,and cost and gas volume consumed in greenhouses located in Varamin region,Tehran province,*** heating systems used in the greenhouses are:central heating system(including boiler+hot water pipes),gas heater system(including double-walled tank+blower)and traditional furnace system(including ignition chamber+torch+pipes carrying a mixture of hot air and flammable gases).The study was carried out for two consecutive cucumber cultivation periods from January to *** values of crop yield,volume and cost of gas consumed were determined separately for each heating *** of the study indicated that the central heating system with the highest crop yield(295 t/ha),and the lowest volume(100,000 m^(3)/ha)and cost(840 USD/ha)of gas consumed was the best and most suitable heating system for greenhouses producing cucumbers in Varamin region and other regions with the same and similar climate as well as regions with active greenhouses in the cold season.

关键词： Greenhouse heating systems greenhouse cucumber crop yield gas consumed Varamin Iran