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Small scale adeno-associated virusvector production for preclinical gene delivery based on chloroform precipitation

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Neural Regeneration Research 2022年第1期17卷 99-100页

作者： Marcus Davidsson Andreas Heuer Molecular Neuromodulation Department of Experimental Medical SciencesLund UniversityLundSweden Behavioural Neuroscience Laboratory Department of Experimental Medical SciencesLund UniversityLundSweden

Gene therapy aims to introduce genetic information into a cell-type of interest to replace,correct,silence,or modify defective genes.Gene therapy in its broadest sense can theoretically prevent,halt,or cure any condition that affects mankind.In addition to that,the introduction and/or manipulation of genes is one of the major research areas in biological sciences,aimed to deepen our knowledge on how biological systems work.Scientific advances have made it possible to induce changes ranging from manipulations of large stretches of the genome to the change of single nucleotides.The gold-standard vehicles to bring this genetic information into the target cells are viral vectors.

关键词： replace Small mankind

Demographic characteristics of convicted child sexual abusers in South of Sweden,between 2013 and 2018:a pilot study

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Forensic Sciences Research 2022年第3期7卷 393-401页

作者： Emelie Stiernströmer Marie Väfors Fritz Caroline Mellgren Ardavan Khoshnood Department of Criminology MalmöUniversityMalmöSweden Department of Clinical Sciences lund Skane University HospitalEmergency MedicineLund UniversityLundSweden

This study evaluates variables concerning demographic characteristics for all adult male offenders convicted of Child Sexual Abuse(CSA)aged 0–17 in Malmö,Sweden between 2013 and 2018.All convictions(n=18)based on court documents from the District Court,the Court of Appeals and information from the Swedish Tax Agency were reviewed.A total of 30 victims were identified.Frequency analyses show that the most common features were that of a single offender,averaging 25 years old,with a non-Swedish background and a high school degree.The predominately extrafamilial CSA(i.***.committed by an acquaintance to the family)occurred in a private setting and consisted of penetrative acts.Girls averaging 13years old were abused multiple times,under fear and pressure.Although assumptions based on these results are preliminary,they provide a clearer image of the typical circumstances under which CSA occurred within this time frame and geographical location.This study is a first attempt to construct an overview of demographic characteristics of CSA.As more data are gathered from this region,more sophisticated analyses can be conducted,providing stronger generalizations.Information of this kind may be important for research,classification of offender profiling and in case linking.

关键词： Child sexual abuse child rape child molestation demographic characteristics frequency analysis offender characteristics

Risk factors and outcomes for patients with pancreatic cancer undergoing surgical exploration without resection due to metastatic disease:A national cohort study

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Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Diseases International 2022年第3期21卷 279-284页

作者： Emil Sahlstrom Paulina Bereza-Carlson Johan Nilsson Bobby Tingstedt Bodil Andersson Department of Clinical Sciences lund SurgeryLund UniversitySweden Department of Surgery Central Hospital KristianstadSweden Department of Translational Medicine Cardiothoracic surgery and bioinformaticsLund UniversitySweden Department of Thoracic and vascular surgery Skane University hospitalLundSweden Department of Surgery Skane University HospitalLundSweden

Background:Unresectable disease is sometimes diagnosed during surgery in patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma(PDAC).This study aimed to identify preoperative risk factors for metastatic disease diagnosed at surgical exploration and to investigate and compare survival in resected and nonresected patients.Methods:Patients were identified from the Swedish National Pancreatic and Periampullary Cancer Registry 2010-2018.Predictors of metastatic disease were evaluated with a multivariable logistic regression model,and survival was evaluated with Kaplan-Meier estimates and log-rank tests.Results:In total,1938 patients with PDAC were scheduled for surgery.An unresectable situation was diagnosed intraoperatively in 399 patients(20.6%),including 234(12.1%)with metastasized disease.Independent risk factors for metastasis were involuntary weight loss(OR=1.72;95%CI:1.27-2.33)and elevated carbohydrate antigen 19-9(CA19-9)(35-599 U/m L,OR=1.79,95%CI:1.11-2.89;≥600 U/m L,OR=3.24,95%CI:2.04-5.17).Overall survival was lower among patients with metastasized disease than that among patients with a resectable tumor(P<0.001).Conclusions:Involuntary weight loss and an elevation of CA19-9 are preoperative risk factors for diagnosing metastasized disease during surgical exploration.

关键词： Pancreatic cancer Surgery Metastasized Exploration

Ganglioglioma surgery associated with postoperative status epilepticus:a case report

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Acta Epileptologica 2022年第4期5卷 257-262页

作者： Irena Grubor Maria Compagno Strandberg Johan Bengzon Division of Neurosurgery Department of Clinical SciencesLund UniversitySkane University HospitalLundSweden Division of Neurology Department of Clinical SciencesLund UniversitySkane University HospitalLundSweden Division of Neurosurgery and lund Stem Cell Center Department of Clinical SciencesLund UniversitySkane University HospitalLundSweden

Background Gangliogliomas are brain tumors associated with drug-resistant focal epilepsy.In most cases,seizures improve after surgical treatment.It is still not concluded to what extent the lesion itself or the perilesional area contributes to the epileptogenicity.Case presentation In the case presented in this report,the patient,a 24-year-old Caucasian male,developed a refractory status epilepticus after a surgical attempt to remove a cerebral ganglioglioma.The postoperative magnetic resonance imaging revealed that the lesion was intact,and that inadvertently only the perilesional area and adjacent cortex had been resected.The patient underwent a new surgical procedure where the ganglioglioma was removed,and the status epilepticus cessated.Conclusions This clinical case suggests that the lesion itself plays an important role in seizure generation and propagation,and notably,that the surrounding cortex by an inhibitory action can act as a gate to seizure spread.

关键词： Postoperative complication Epilepsy surgery Seizures Epileptogenicity Seizure outcome

3D X-ray microscopy with a CsPbBr3 nanowire scintillator

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Nano Research 2023年第1期16卷 1084-1089页

作者： Hanna Dierks Zhaojun Zhang Nils Lamers Jesper Wallentin Lund University Synchrotron Radiation Research and NanoLundBox 118SE-22100 LundSweden

X-ray microscopy is an essential imaging method in many scientific fields,which can be extended to three-dimensional(3D)using tomography.Recently,metal halide perovskite(MHP)nanomaterials have become a promising candidate for X-ray scintillators,due to their high light yield,high spatial resolution,and easy fabrication.Tomography requires many projections and therefore scintillators with excellent stability.This is challenging for MHPs,which often suffer from fast degradation under X-ray irradiation and ambient conditions.Here,we demonstrate that MHP scintillators of CsPbBr3 nanowires(diameter:60 nm,length:5–9μm)grown in anodized aluminum oxide(CsPbBr3 NW/AAO)have sufficient stability for X-ray micro-tomography.A tomogram was taken with a Cu X-ray source over 41 h(dose 4.2 Gyair).During this period the scintillator brightness fluctuated less than 5%,which enabled a successful reconstruction.A long-term study with 2 weeks of continuous X-ray exposure(37.5 Gyair)showed less than 14%fluctuations in brightness and no long-term degradation,despite variations in the ambient relative humidity from 7.4%RH to 34.2%RH.The resolution was stable at(180±20)lp·mm−1,i.e.,about 2.8 micron.This demonstrates that CsPbBr3 NW/AAO scintillators are promising candidates for high resolution X-ray imaging detectors.

关键词： tomography perovskites scintillators X-ray imaging micrometer spatial resolution

Forty Years of Air Temperature Change over Iran Reveals Linear and Nonlinear Warming

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Journal of Meteorological Research 2022年第3期36卷 462-477页

作者： Majid KAZEMZADEH Zahra NOORI Sadegh JAMALI Abdulhakim M.ABDI Faculty of Natural Resources University of Tehran77871-31587KarajIran Department of Technology and Society Lund UniversitySE-22100LundSweden Centre for Environmental and Climate Science Lund UniversitySE-22362LundSweden

Spatiotemporal analysis of long-term changes in air temperature is of prime importance for climate change research and the development of effective mitigation and adaptation strategies.Although there are considerable studies on air temperature change across the globe,most of them have been on linear trends and time series analysis of nonlinear trends have not received enough attention.Here,spatiotemporal patterns of monthly and annual mean(Tmean),maximum(T_(max)),and minimum(T_(min))air temperature at 47 synoptic stations across climate zones in Iran for a 40-yr period(1978–2017)are analyzed.A polynomial fitting scheme(Polytrend)is used to both monthly and annual air temperature data to detect trends and classify them into linear and nonlinear(quadratic and cubic)categories.The significant(non-significant)trends in Tmean,T_(max),and T_(min) across all climate zones are 41.1%(58.9%),34.1%(65.9%),and 46%(54%),respectively.The highest magnitude of increasing trends is observed in the annual T_(min)(0.47℃decade−1)and the lowest magnitude is for the annual T_(max)(0.4℃decade−1).Across the country,increasing trends(=37.2%)have higher spatial coverage than the decreasing trends(=3.2%).Warming trends in Tmean(65.3%)and T_(min)(73.1%)are mainly observed in humid climate zone while warming trends in T_(max) are in semi-arid(43.9%)and arid(34.1%)climates.Linear change with a positive trend is predominant in all Tmean(56.7%),T_(max)(67.8%),and T_(min)(71.2%)and for both monthly and annual data.Further,the linear trends have the highest warming rate in annual T_(min)(0.83℃decade^(−1))and Tmean(0.46℃decade^(−1))whereas the nonlinear trends have the highest warming rate in annual T_(max)(0.52℃decade^(−1)).The linear trend type is predominant across the country especially in humid climate zones whereas the nonlinear trends(quadratic and cubic)are mainly observed in the arid climate zones.This study highlights nonlinear changes and spatiotemporal trends in air temperature in Iran and contributes to a growing body of climate chang

关键词： linear trends nonlinear trends time series analysis air temperature Polytrend Iran

Cancer-associated fibroblasts express CD1d and activate invariant natural killer T cells under cellular stress

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Cellular & Molecular Immunology 2024年第1期21卷 91-94页

作者： Shengduo Pei Jonas Sjölund Yueyun Pan Kristian Pietras Mikael C.I.Karlsson Department of Microbiology Tumor and Cell BiologyKarolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden Division of Translational Cancer Research Department of Laboratory MedicineLund University Cancer CentreLund UniversityLundSweden

Invariant natural killer T(iNKT)cells are part of the family of unconventional T cells,and they recognize glycolipid antigens presented on the MHC class I like molecule CD1^([1]).In humans there are five CD1 molecules named CD1a to CD1e,whereas mice use only CD1d for lipid presentation.Functionally,iNKT cells can elicit both cytotoxicity similarly to conventional CD8 T cells and secrete cytokines that influence the adaptive immune response including providing direct T cell help to B cells^([2]).In the context of tumors,they can use both release of granzyme B and use Fas-mediated mechanisms for killing of tumor cells.As iNKT cells use a restricted TCR repertoire and CD1 molecules are non-heterogenous the risk of graft vs host disease is limited and thus these T cells have been an attractive option for off the shelf immunotherapy to treat cancer^([3]).

关键词： killer CD1d Cancer

Using urban building energy modeling to quantify the energy performance of residential buildings under climate change

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建筑模拟(英文) 2023年第9期16卷 1629-1643页

作者： Zhang Deng Kavan Javanroodi Vahid MNik Yixing Chen College of Civil Engineering Hunan UniversityChangsha 410082China Division of Building Physics Department of Building and Environmental TechnologyLund UniversitySE-22363 LundSweden CIRCLE–Centre for Innovation Research Lund UniversityBox 11822100 LundSweden Key Laboratory of Building Safety and Energy Efficiency of Ministry of Education Hunan UniversityChangsha 410082China

The building sector is facing a challenge in achieving carbon neutrality due to climate change and urbanization.Urban building energy modeling(UBEM)is an effective method to understand the energy use of building stocks at an urban scale and evaluate retrofit scenarios against future weather variations,supporting the implementation of carbon emission reduction policies.Currently,most studies focus on the energy performance of archetype buildings under climate change,which is hard to obtain refined results for individual buildings when scaling up to an urban area.Therefore,this study integrates future weather data with an UBEM approach to assess the impacts of climate change on the energy performance of urban areas,by taking two urban neighborhoods comprising 483 buildings in Geneva,Switzerland as case studies.In this regard,GIS datasets and Swiss building norms were collected to develop an archetype library.The building heating energy consumption was calculated by the UBEM tool—AutoBPS,which was then calibrated against annual metered data.A rapid UBEM calibration method was applied to achieve a percentage error of 2.7%.The calibrated models were then used to assess the impacts of climate change using four future weather datasets out of Shared Socioeconomic Pathways(SSP1-2.6,SSP2-4.5,SSP3-7.0,and SSP5-8.5).The results showed a decrease of 22%–31%and 21%–29%for heating energy consumption,an increase of 113%–173%and 95%–144%for cooling energy consumption in the two neighborhoods by 2050.The average annual heating intensity dropped from 81 kWh/m^(2) in the current typical climate to 57 kWh/m^(2) in the SSP5-8.5,while the cooling intensity rose from 12 kWh/m^(2) to 32 kWh/m^(2).The overall envelope system upgrade reduced the average heating and cooling energy consumption by 41.7%and 18.6%,respectively,in the SSP scenarios.The spatial and temporal distribution of energy consumption change can provide valuable information for future urban energy planning against climate change.

关键词： urban building energy modeling climate change model calibration AutoBPS heating and cooling energy consumption

Perioperative liver and spleen elastography in patients without chronic liver disease

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Surgery 2018年第2期10卷 21-27页

作者： Sam Eriksson Hanna Borsiin Carl-Fredrik Oerg Hannes Brange Zoran Mijovic Christian Sturesson Department of Surgery Lund UniversitySkae University HospitalLund S-221 85Sweden Department of Radiology Lund UniversitySkae University HospitalLund S-221 85Sweden

AIM To investigate changes in hepatic and splenic stiffness in patients without chronic liver disease during liver resection for hepatic tumors.METHODS Patients scheduled for liver resection for hepatic tumors were considered for enrollment. Tissue stiffness measurements on liver and spleen were conducted before and two days after liver resection using point shear-wave elastography. Histological analysis of the resected liver specimen was conducted in all patients and patients with marked liver fibrosis were excluded from further study analysis. Patients were divided into groups depending on size of resection and whether they had received preoperative chemotherapy or not. The relation between tissue stiffness and postoperative biochemistry was investigated. RESULTS Results are presented as median(interquartile range). 35 patients were included. The liver stiffness increased in patients undergoing a major resection from 1.41(1.24-1.63) m/s to 2.20(1.72-2.44) m/s(P = 0.001). No change in liver stiffness in patients undergoing a minor resection was found [1.31(1.15-1.52) m/s vs 1.37(1.12-1.77) m/s, P = 0.438]. A major resection resulted in a 16%(7%-33%) increase in spleen stiffness, more(P = 0.047) than after a minor resection [2(-1-13) %]. Patients who underwent preoperative chemotherapy(n = 20) did not differ from others in preoperative right liver lobe [1.31(1.16-1.50) vs 1.38(1.12-1.56) m/s, P = 0.569] or spleen [2.79(2.33-3.11) vs 2.71(2.37-2.86) m/s, P = 0.515] stiffness. Remnant liver stiffness on the second postoperative day did not show strong correlations with maximum postoperative increase in bilirubin(R^2 = 0.154, Pearson's r = 0.392, P = 0.032) and international normalized ratio(R^2 = 0.285, Pearson's r = 0.534, P = 0.003). CONCLUSION Liver and spleen stiffness increase after a major liver resection for hepatic tumors in patients without chronic liver disease.

关键词： Chemotherapy Adjuvant Colorectal neoplasms Elasticity imaging techniques Hepatectomy Liver neoplasms