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Application of Cellular Automata and Markov Chain model for urban green infrastructure in Kuala lumpur,Malaysia

Regional Sustainability 2024年第4期5卷 71-85页

作者： Jafarpour Ghalehteimouri KAMRAN Che Ros FAIZAH Rambat SHUIB Disaster Preparedness&Prevention Centre Malaysia–Japan International Institute of TechnologyUniversiti Teknologi MalaysiaKuala Lumpur54100Malaysia

Kuala lumpur of Malaysia,as a tropical city,has experienced a notable decline in its critical urban green infrastructure(UGI)due to rapid urbanization and haphazard *** decrease of UGI,especially natural forest and artificial forest,may reduce the diversity of ecosystem services and the ability of Kuala lumpur to build resilience in the *** study analyzed land use and land cover(LULC)and UGI changes in Kuala lumpur based on Landsat satellite images in 1990,2005,and 2021and employed the overall accuracy and Kappa coefficient to assess classification *** was categorized into six main types:natural forest,artificial forest,grassland,water body,bare ground,and built-up *** images in 1990,2005,and 2021 showed the remarkable overall accuracy values of 91.06%,96.67%,and 98.28%,respectively,along with the significant Kappa coefficient values of 0.8997,0.9626,and 0.9512,***,this study utilized Cellular Automata and Markov Chain model to analyze the transition of different LULC types during 1990-2005 and 1990-2021 and predict LULC types in *** results showed that natural forest decreased from 15.22%to 8.20%and artificial forest reduced from 18.51%to 15.16%during *** in natural forest and artificial forest led to alterations in urban surface water dynamics,increasing the risk of urban ***,grassland showed a significant increase from 7.80%to 24.30%during ***,bare ground increased from 27.16%to 31.56%and built-up area increased from 30.45%to 39.90%during *** 2021,built-up area decreased to 35.10%and bare ground decreased to 13.08%,indicating a consistent dominance of built-up area in the central parts of Kuala *** study highlights the importance of integrating past,current,and future LULC changes to improve urban ecosystem services in the city.

关键词： Urban Green Infrastructure(UGI) Urban ecosystem services Land use and land cover(LULC)changes Cellular Automata and Markov Chain model Urbanization

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Outflow of traffic from the national capital Kuala lumpur to the north,south and east coast highways using flow,speed and density relationships

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Journal of Traffic and Transportation Engineering(English Edition) 2016年第6期3卷 540-548页

作者： Nik Hashim Nik Mustapha Nik Nur Wahidah Nik Hashim School of Sodal and Economic Development University of Malaysia Terengganu(UMT)21030 Kuala TerengganuMalaysia Mechatronics Department School of EngineeringInternational Islamic University Malaysia(IIUM)50728 Kuala LumpurMalaysia

The functional relationships between flow （veh/km）, density （veh/h） and speed （kin/h） in traffic congestion have a long history of research. However, their findings and techniques persist to be relevant to this day. The analysis is pertinent, particularly in finding the best fit for the three major highways in Malaysia, namely the KL-Karak Highway, KL-Seremban Highway and KL-Ipoh Highway. The trans-logarithm function of density-speed model was compared to the classical models of Greenshields, Greenberg, Underwood and Drake et al. using data provided by the Transport Statistics Malaysia 2014. The results of regression analysis revealed that the Greenshields and Greenberg models were statistically significant. The trans-logarithm function was also tested and the results were nonetheless without exception. Its usefulness in addition to statistical significance related to the derived economic concepts of maximum speed and the related number of vehicles, flow and density and the limits of free speed were relevant in comparing the individual levels of traffic congestion between highways. For instance, KL-Karak Highway was least congested compared to KL-Seremban Highway and KL-Ipoh Highway. Their maximum speeds, based on three lanes carriage capacity of one direction, were 33.4 km/h for KL-Karak, 15.9 km/h for KL-Seremban, and 21.1 km/h for KL-Ipoh. Their corresponding flows were approximated at 1080.9 veh/h, 1555.4 veh/h, and 1436.6 veh/h.

关键词： Traffic congestion Maximum flow-speed Density-speed Trans-logarithm function

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A Survey of Link Failure Detection and Recovery in Software-Defined Networks

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2025年第1期82卷 103-137页

作者： Suheib Alhiyari Siti Hafizah AB Hamid Nur Nasuha Daud Department of Software Engineering Universiti MalayaKuala Lumpur50603Malaysia

Software-defined networking(SDN)is an innovative paradigm that separates the control and data planes,introducing centralized network *** is increasingly being adopted by Carrier Grade networks,offering enhanced networkmanagement capabilities than those of traditional ***,because SDN is designed to ensure high-level service availability,it faces additional *** of themost critical challenges is ensuring efficient detection and recovery from link failures in the data *** failures can significantly impact network performance and lead to service outages,making resiliency a key concern for the effective adoption of *** the recovery process is intrinsically dependent on timely failure detection,this research surveys and analyzes the current literature on both failure detection and recovery approaches in *** survey provides a critical comparison of existing failure detection techniques,highlighting their advantages and ***,it examines the current failure recovery methods,categorized as either restoration-based or protection-based,and offers a comprehensive comparison of their strengths and ***,future research challenges and directions are discussed to address the shortcomings of existing failure recovery methods.

关键词： Software defined networking failure detection failure recovery restoration protection

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A Decentralized and TCAM-Aware Failure Recovery Model in Software Defined Data Center Networks

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2025年第1期82卷 1087-1107页

作者： Suheib Alhiyari Siti Hafizah AB Hamid Nur Nasuha Daud Department of Computer System and Technology University of MalayaKuala Lumpur50603Malaysia

Link failure is a critical issue in large networks and must be effectively *** software-defined networks(SDN),link failure recovery schemes can be categorized into proactive and reactive *** schemes have longer recovery times while proactive schemes provide faster recovery but overwhelm the memory of switches by flow *** SDN adoption grows,ensuring efficient recovery from link failures in the data plane becomes *** particular,data center networks(DCNs)demand rapid recovery times and efficient resource utilization to meet carrier-grade *** paper proposes an efficient Decentralized Failure Recovery(DFR)model for SDNs,meeting recovery time requirements and optimizing switch memory resource *** DFR model enables switches to autonomously reroute traffic upon link failures without involving the controller,achieving fast recovery times while minimizing memory *** employs the Fast Failover Group in the OpenFlow standard for local recovery without requiring controller communication and utilizes the k-shortest path algorithm to proactively install backup paths,allowing immediate local recovery without controller intervention and enhancing overall network stability and *** employs flow entry aggregation techniques to reduce switch memory *** of matching flow entries to the destination host’s MAC address,DFR matches packets to the destination switch’s MAC *** reduces the switches’Ternary Content-Addressable Memory(TCAM)***,DFR modifies Address Resolution Protocol(ARP)replies to provide source hosts with the destination switch’s MAC address,facilitating flow entry aggregation without affecting normal network *** performance of DFR is evaluated through the network emulator Mininet 2.3.1 and Ryu 3.1 as SDN *** different number of active flows,number of hosts per edge switch,and different network sizes,the proposed model outperformed vario

关键词： Software defined networking failure detection failure recovery restoration protection TCAM size

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A review on reactive oxygen species-induced mechanism pathways of pharmaceutical waste degradation:Acetaminophen as a drug waste model

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2025年第1期147卷 688-713页

作者： Saba Humayun Maan Hayyan Yatimah Alias Department of Chemistry Faculty of ScienceUniversity of MalayaKuala Lumpur 50603Malaysia University of Malaya Centre for Ionic Liquids University of MalayaKuala Lumpur 50603Malaysia Chemical Engineering Program Faculty of Engineering and TechnologyMuscat UniversityMuscat P.C.130Oman

Innately designed to induce physiological changes,pharmaceuticals are foreknowingly hazardous to the *** oxidation processes(AOPs)are recognized as a set of contemporary and highly efficient methods being used as a contrivance for the removal of pharmaceutical *** reactive oxygen species(ROS)are formed in these processes to interact and contribute directly toward the oxidation of target contaminant(s),a profound insight regarding the mechanisms of ROS leading to the degradation of pharmaceuticals is fundamentally *** conceptualization of some specific reaction mechanisms allows the design of an effective and safe degradation process that can empirically reduce the environmental impact of *** review mainly deliberates themechanistic reaction pathways for ROS-mediated degradation of pharmaceuticals often leading to complete mineralization,with a focus on acetaminophen as a drug waste model.

关键词： Wastewater treatment Ionic liquid Hydroxyl radical Superoxide Pharmaceutical contaminant Advanced oxidation process Deep eutectic solvent Hydrogen peroxide

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Gallbladder carcinoma in the era of artificial intelligence: Early diagnosis for better treatment

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Oncology 2025年第1期17卷 256-259页

作者： Ismail AS Burud Sherreen Elhariri Nabil Eid Department of Surgery Clinical CampusIMU UniversitySeremban 70300Negeri SembilanMalaysia Department of Anatomy Division of Human BiologySchool of MedicineIMU UniversityKuala Lumpur 57000Kuala LumpurMalaysia

Gallbladder carcinoma(GBC)is the most common malignant tumor of biliary tract,with poor prognosis due to its aggressive nature and limited therapeutic *** detection of GBC is a major challenge,with most GBCs being detected accidentally during cholecystectomy procedures for gallbladder *** letter comments on the recent article by Deqing et al in the World Journal of Gastrointestinal Oncology,which summarized the various current methods used in early diagnosis of GBC,including endoscopic ultrasound(EUS)examination of the gallbladder for high-risk GBC patients,and the use of EUS-guided elasto-graphy,contrast-enhanced EUS,trans-papillary biopsy,natural orifice translu-minal endoscopic surgery,magnifying endoscopy,choledochoscopy,and confocal laser endomicroscopy when necessary for early diagnosis of ***,there is a need for novel methods for early GBC diagnosis,such as the use of artificial intelligence and non-coding RNA biomarkers for improved screening ***,the use of in vitro and animal models may provide critical insights for advancing early detection and treatment strategies of this aggressive tumor.

关键词： Gallbladder carcinoma Endoscopic ultrasound Biopsy Elastography Cho-ledochoscopy Artificial intelligence Non-coding RNAs Screening Animal models In vitro studies

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Enhancing Plant Resilience to Abiotic Stress:The Power of Biostimulants

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Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany 2025年第1期94卷 1-31页

作者： Su-Ee Lau Lucas Wei Tze Lim Mohd Fadhli Hamdan Colin Chan Noor Baity Saidi Janna Ong-Abdullah Boon Chin Tan Centre for Research in Biotechnology for Agriculture Universiti MalayaKuala Lumpur50603Malaysia Faculty of Science Universiti MalayaKuala Lumpur50603Malaysia School of Biological Sciences Universiti Sains MalaysiaGeorge Town11800Malaysia School of Biology Faculty of Applied SciencesUiTM Shah AlamShah Alam40450Malaysia Department of Biotechnology Faculty of Applied SciencesUCSI UniversityCheras56000Malaysia Department of Cell and Molecular Biology Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular SciencesUniversiti Putra MalaysiaSerdang43400Malaysia

Abiotic stresses such as drought,heat,salinity,and heavy metal contamination severely affect global agricultural *** 2005 and 2015,droughts caused losses of approximately USD 29 billion in developing countries,and from 2008 to 2018,droughts accounted for over 34%of crop and livestock yield losses,totaling about USD 37 *** support the growing human population,agricultural output must increase substantially,necessitating a 60%–100%rise in crop productivity to meet the escalating *** address environmental challenges,organic,inorganic,and microbial biostimulants are increasingly employed to enhance plant resilience through various morphological,physiological,and biochemical *** biostimulants enhance plant resilience under abiotic stress through mechanisms such as abscisic acid signaling modulation,which regulates stomatal closure to reduce water loss during drought and heat ***,they aid in scavenging reactive oxygen species and stabilizing ion channels,mitigating oxidative damage,and maintaining ionic balance under stress conditions such as *** review summarizes recent advancements in applying these biostimulants,focusing on their roles in triggering morphological,physiological,biochemical,and molecular changes that collectively enhance plant resilience under stress *** also includes a bibliometric analysis of all articles published on biostimulants from 2019 to 2024 and explores future research *** was placed on optimizing biostimulant formulations and understanding their synergistic effects to maximize their efficacy under various stress *** integrating biostimulants into agricultural practices,we can adopt a sustainable strategy to safeguard crop productivity in the face of climate change and environmental stressors.

关键词： Abiotic stress crop improvement microbial plant growth promoting rhizobacteria protein hydrolysate seaweed

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Plantamajoside mitigates endoplasmic reticulum stress-mediated pancreaticβ-cell apoptosis in type 2 diabetes via DNAJC1 upregulation

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World Journal of Diabetes 2025年第4期16卷 318-325页

作者： Md Abdul Alim Al-Bari Fabian Davamani Payal Bhatnagar Nabil Eid Department of Pharmacy University of RajshahiRajshahi 6205Bangladesh Division of Applied Biomedical Sciences and Biotechnology School of Health SciencesIMU UniversityKuala Lumpur 57000Malaysia Department of Pharmaceutical Technology School of PharmacyIMU UniversityKuala Lumpur 57000Malaysia Department of Anatomy Division of Human BiologySchool of MedicineIMU UniversityKuala Lumpur 57000Malaysia

Diabetes mellitus(DM)is a metabolic disorder characterized by persistent hyperglycemia and other symptoms,which pose significant challenges to individual health,life expectancy,and public healthcare *** escalating global prevalence of diabetes underscores the need for innovative therapeutic *** this article,we critically comment on the study by Wang et al,published in the World Journal of Diabetes,which elucidates the therapeutic potential of Plantamajoside(PMS)in type 2 DM(T2DM)*** authors provide evidence for the mechanism of action of PMS in T2DM models,demonstrating prevention of endoplasmic reticulum stress and apoptosis of pancreaticβ-cells via activation of *** manuscript provides a brief review of the pathogenesis of T2DM,explores the various roles of PMS in disease therapy in addition to the DNAJC-related apoptotic and autophagic functions,critically evaluates the experimental approaches employed by Wang et al,and provides recommendations for advancing future research.

关键词： Plantamajoside Type 2 diabetes mellitus PI3K/AKT/NF-κB pathway Endoplasmic stress Metformin DNAJC1 Apoptosis Autophagy

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Revolutionizing diabetic retinopathy screening and management:The role of artificial intelligence and machine learning

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World Journal of Clinical Cases 2025年第5期13卷 1-12页

作者： Mona Mohamed Ibrahim Abdalla Jaiprakash Mohanraj Department of Human Biology School of MedicineInternational Medical UniversityBukit Jalil 57000Kuala LumpurMalaysia

Diabetic retinopathy(DR)remains a leading cause of vision impairment and blindness among individuals with diabetes,necessitating innovative approaches to screening and *** editorial explores the transformative potential of artificial intelligence(AI)and machine learning(ML)in revolutionizing DR *** and ML technologies have demonstrated remarkable advancements in enhancing the accuracy,efficiency,and accessibility of DR screening,helping to overcome barriers to early *** technologies leverage vast datasets to identify patterns and predict disease progression with unprecedented precision,enabling clinicians to make more informed ***,AI-driven solutions hold promise in personalizing management strategies for DR,incorpo-rating predictive analytics to tailor interventions and optimize treatment *** automating routine tasks,AI can reduce the burden on healthcare providers,allowing for a more focused allocation of resources towards complex patient *** review aims to evaluate the current advancements and applic-ations of AI and ML in DR screening,and to discuss the potential of these techno-logies in developing personalized management strategies,ultimately aiming to improve patient outcomes and reduce the global burden of *** integration of AI and ML in DR care represents a paradigm shift,offering a glimpse into the future of ophthalmic healthcare.

关键词： Diabetic retinopathy Artificial intelligence Machine learning Screening Management Predictive analytics Personalized medicine

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Red tinted contact lenses on Ishihara test error scores in color deficient subjects:a pilot study

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International Journal of Ophthalmology(English edition) 2025年第3期18卷 462-468页

作者： Haliza Abdul Mutalib Sharanjeet Sharanjeet-Kaur Ong Yi Lin Bashirah Ishak MohdNorhafizun Bin Mohd Saman Mohd Izzuddin Hairol Optometry&Vision Sciences Program Faculty of Health SciencesUniversiti Kebangsaan MalaysiaKuala Lumpur 50300Malaysia

AIM:To compare the Ishihara test errors scores of colour vision deficiency(CVD)subjects when wearing four different types of red-tinted contact lenses(RCL)that differ in their transmittance as determined using a ***:Six congenital CVD subjects volunteered to participate in this *** plates were used to determine the colour vision errors made,whereas Farnsworth-Munsell 100 Hue test was conducted to determine the total error scores(TES)and type of *** types of RCL(Types A,B,C and D)were inserted in the non-dominant eye and tested in a randomised manner by a masked *** scores in Ishihara test were determined at baseline without any contact lens and after wearing the four different *** subjects were then divided into two groups based on the mean ***:Repeated measures ANOVA with Greenhouse-Geisser corrections showed that there was a highly significant effect of RCL type on Ishihara error score[F(2.056,10.282)=30.214,P<0.001].Error scores with RCL Type B were significantly lower than errors made when no lens was worn,and with RCL Type C and Type D(all P<0.001).Error scores with RCL Type B were also lower than those made with RCL Type A,however,they were not significantly *** subjects with TES values less than 180,RCL type B showed the largest improvement in Ishihara error score(50%)compared to the other three *** type A showed the best performance in TES value of more than 180,with an improvement of 80%in Ishihara *** Type A has the lowest transmittance at the confusion wavelength(450-568 nm),followed by RCL Types B,D and ***:This study shows that RCL can improve Ishihara error *** with lower transmission at 450-568 nm and 90%transmittance beyond 637 nm are the most *** which could block more light between 550-580 nm are more effective for colour defectives with more severe colour defects.

关键词： anomalous trichromats colour vision deficiency contact lenses deutan protan

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