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Driving factors behind multiple populations

Science China(Physics,Mechanics & Astronomy) 2024年第5期67卷 172-181页

作者： Ruoyun Huang Baitian Tang Chengyuan Li Doug Geisler Mario Mateo Ying-Yi Song Holger Baumgardt Julio A.Carballo-Bello Yue Wang Jundan Nie Bruno Dias JoséG.Fernández-Trincado School of Physics and Astronomy Sun Yat-sen UniversityZhuhai 519082China CSST Science Center for the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area Zhuhai 519082China Departamento de Astronomía Universidad de ConcepcionConcepcionChile Instituto de Investigación Multidisciplinario en Ciencia y Tecnología Universidad de La SerenaLa SerenaChile Departamento de Astronomía Facultad de CienciasUniversidad de La SerenaChile Department of Astronomy University of MichiganAnn Arbor 48109USA David A.Dunlap Department of Astronomy&Astrophysics University of TorontoToronto ON M5S 3H4Canada Dunlap Institute for Astronomy&Astrophysics University of TorontoToronto ON M5S 3H4Canada School of Mathematics and Physics The University of QueenslandSt.Lucia QLD 4072Australia Instituto de Alta Investigación Universidad de TarapacáAricaChile CAS Key Laboratory of Optical Astronomy National Astronomical ObservatoriesChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China Instituto de Astrofísica Departamento de Ciencias FísicasFacultad de Ciencias ExactasUniversidad Andres BelloSantiagoChile Instituto de Astronomía Universidad Católica del NorteAntofagastaChile

Star clusters were historically considered simple stellar populations,with all stars sharing the same age and initial chemical ***,the presence of chemical anomalies in globular clusters(GCs),called multiple stellar populations(MPs),has challenged star formation theories in dense *** studies show that mass,metallicity,and age are likely controlling parameters for the manifestation of *** the limit between clusters with/without MPs in physical parameter space is crucial to reveal the driving mechanism behind their *** this study,we look for MP signals in Whiting 1,which is traditionally considered a young *** the Magellan telescope,we obtained low-resolution spectra withinλλ=3850-5500?for eight giants of Whiting *** measured the C and N abundances from the CN and CH spectral indices.C and N abundances have variations comparable with their measurement errors(~0.1 dex),suggesting that MPs are absent from Whiting *** these findings with literature studies,we propose a limit in the metallicity *** compactness index parameter space,which relatively clearly separates star clusters with/without MPs(GCs/open clusters).This limit is physically *** a larger scale,the galactic environment determines cluster compactness and metallicity,leading to metal-rich,diffuse,old clusters formed ex *** proposed limit also impacts our understanding of the formation of the Sagittarius dwarf galaxy:star clusters formed after the first starburst(age≤8-10 Gyr).These clusters are simple stellar populations because the enriched galactic environment is no longer suitable for MP formation.

关键词： stellar galactic galaxy

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Effect of the postfeeding interval on olfactory responses of thrips to herbivore-induced cotton plants

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Insect Science 2016年第6期23卷 881-892页

作者： Rehan Silva Gimme H. Walter Lewis J. Wilson Michael J. Furlong School of Biological Sciences University of Queensland St. Lucia Queensland 4072 Cotton Research Unit CSIRO Agriculture Flagship Narrabri NSW 2390 Austrafia

We investigated the responses of 3 thrips species, Frankliniella schultzei Tryborn, E occidentalis Pergrande, and Thrips tabaci Lindeman （Thysanoptera： Thripidae） to herbivore-damaged and undamaged cotton seedlings （Gossypium hirsutum L. [Malvales： Malvaceae]） at a range of time intervals following damage by adult Tetranychus urticae （Koch）, adult T. ludeni （Zacher）（Acari： Tetranychidae） or Helicoverpa armigera （Hubner）（Lepidoptera： Noctuidae） larvae in olfactometer assays. The intensity/frequency of the response of thrips to herbivore-induced plants decreased with time and ultimately disappeared in all cases; however, the rate at which the response declined was related to the herbivore species that inflicted the damage. All 3 species of thrips were attracted to plants damaged by T. urticae for longer than they were to plants damaged by T. ludeni. The duration for which damaged plants remained attractive was also affected by the degree of damage inflicted on cotton seedlings. For example, E schultzei was attracted to plants damaged by a higher density of two-spotted spider mites （100/plant） for much longer than to plants damaged by a lower density of these mites （50/plant）. The results reinforce previous studies that demonstrate that arrangement of variables influences the responses of thrips to their herbivore-induced cotton host plants. Results also show that these responses are variable in time following herbivore damage to cotton plants, which further demonstrates how difficult it is to generalize about the functional significance of these interactions.

关键词： attraction cotton duration induced responses olfactometer Thysanoptera

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Low-temperature processed solar cells with formamidinium tin halide perovskite/fullerene heterojunctions

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Nano Research 2016年第6期9卷 1570-1577页

作者： Meng Zhang Miaoqiang Lyu Jung-Ho Yun MahirNoori Xiaojing Zhou Nathan A. Cooling Qiong Wang Hua Yu Paul C. Dastoor Lianzhou Wang Nanomaterials Centre School of Chemical Engineering and AIBN The University of Queensland St Lucia Brisbane QLD 4072 Australia Centre for Organic Electronics University of Newcastle Callaghan NSW 2308 Australia

A new type of lead-free, formamidinium （FA）-based halide perovskites, FASnf2Br, are investigated as light-harvesting materials for low-temperature processed p-i-n heterojunction solar cells with different configurations. The FASnlaBr perovskite, with a band-gap of 1.68 eV, exhibits optimal photovoltaic performance after low-temperature annealing at 75 ~C. By using C60 as electron-transport layer, the device yields a hysteresis-less power conversion efficiency of 1.72%. The possible use of an inorganic MoO~ film as a new type of independent hole-transport layer for the present tin-based perovskite solar cells is also demonstrated.

关键词： lead-free perovskite perovskite solar cells low-temperature process fullerene molybdenum oxide

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Origin of Excellent Charge Storage Properties of Defective Tin Disulphide in Magnesium/Lithium-Ion Hybrid Batteries

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Nano-Micro Letters 2022年第11期14卷 87-106页

作者： Xin Fan Mike Tebyetekerwa Yilan Wu Rohit Ranganathan Gaddam Xiu Song Zhao School of Chemical Engineering The University of QueenslandSt LuciaBrisbaneQLD 4072Australia School of Material Science and Technology North University of ChinaTaiyuan 030051ShanxiPeople’s Republic of China Dow Centre for Sustainable Engineering Innovation School of Chemical EngineeringThe University of QueenslandSt LuciaBrisbaneQLD 4072Australia Department of Chemical Engineering Indian Institute of Science Education and ResearchBhopalIndia

Lithium-ion batteries(LIBs)are excellent electrochemical energy sources,albeit with existing challenges,including high costs and safety ***-ion batteries(MIBs)are one of the potential ***,the performance of MIBs is poor due to their sluggish solid-state Mg^(2+) diffusion kinetics and severe electrode *** magnesium-ion/lithium-ion(Mg^(2+)/Li^(+))hybrid batteries(MLHBs)with Mg^(2+) and Li+as the charge carriers create a synergy between LIBs and MIBs with significantly improved charge transport kinetics and reliable safety ***,MLHBs are yet to reach a reasonable electrochemical performance as *** work reports a composite electrode material with highly defective two-dimensional(2D)tin sulphide nanosheets(SnS_(x))encapsulated in three-dimensional(3D)holey graphene foams(HGF)(SnS_(x)/HGF),which exhibits a specific capacity as high as 600 mAh g^(−1) at 50 mA g^(−1) and a compelling specific energy density of~330 Wh kg^(−1).The excellent electrochemical performance surpasses previously reported hybrid battery systems based on intercalation-type cathode materials under comparable *** role played by the defects in the SnS_(x)/HGF composite is studied to understand the origin of the observed excellent electrochemical *** is found that it is closely related to the defect structure in SnS_(x),which offers percolation pathways for efficient ion transport and increased internal surface area assessable to the charge *** defective sites also absorb structural stress caused by Mg^(2+) and Li+*** work is an important step towards realizing high-capacity cathode materials with fast charge transport kinetics for hybrid batteries.

关键词： Defects Tin disulphide Magnesium/lithium-ion hybrid batteries 2D materials

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Walking training after stroke： improvements keeping our feet on the ground

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中国现代神经疾病杂志 2013年第4期13卷 263-265页

作者： Giovanni Morone Augusto Fusco Marco losa Stefano Paolucci Clinical Laboratory of Experimental Neurorehabilitation IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation Rome 00179 Italy

Stroke is one of the principal causes of morbidity and mortality in adults in the developed world and the leading cause of disability in all industrialized countries. Rehabilitation's efforts are tended to avoid long-term impairments but the rehabilitative outcomes are still poor in particular on recovery of autonomous walking. Novel tools based on new technologies have been developed to improve walking recovery. A review of recent advances used in gait rehabilitation after stroke is showed in this document. It also examines the possible benefits of new tools used in walking recovery based on motor relearning approach: robotic devices, brain computer interface, non-invasive brain stimulators, neuroprostheses, and virtual reality.

关键词：中风地面训练脑机接口工业化国家发达国家机械设备恢复使用

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Who Invited Lu Xun to Hong Kong？： An Examination of Two Accounts and Some New Materials

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Frontiers of Literary Studies in China-Selected Publications from Chinese Universities 2016年第3期10卷 392-407页

作者： Chiu-yee Cheung School of Historical and Philosophical Inquiry The University of Queensland Brisbane St Lucia QLD 4072 Australia

Lu Xun visited Hong Kong in 1927 for two days and gave two very important lectures, but for several decades little was known about who made the invitation and who organized the trip. In 1981 Liu Sui claimed that it was Dr. Wong San-yin who invited Lu Xun, and Liu Sui himself was part of a reception team headed by Dr. Wong. In 1993 Zhao Jinsheng revealed that he was the person who had invited Lu Xun and organized his trip and lectures. Recently materials supporting both claims have been discovered and this paper examines these two claims, concluding that Zhao Jinsheng＇s account is more reliable.

关键词： Lu Xun Hong Kong Liu Sui Wong San-yin Cao Yanshen

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Review of System Strength and Inertia Requirements for the National Electricity Market of Australia

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CSEE Journal of Power and Energy Systems 2019年第3期5卷 295-305页

作者： Huajie Gu Ruifeng Yan Tapan Saha Power and Energy Systems Research Group School of Information Technology and Electrical EngineeringThe University of QueenslandBrisbane St LuciaQLD 4072Australia

Synchronous generators(SGs)are still making major contributions to the re-stabilization of a power system following voltage/frequency disturbances,attributed to their inherent capability of providing system strength and ***,SGs powered by fossil fuels are operating to a lesser extent and scheduled for decommissioning in the National Electricity Market(NEM)of Australia due to the accelerating increase of low bidding priced asynchronous generation of wind and solar,which leads to the reduction and even in some cases,a shortage of system strength and *** paper comprehensively reviews the requirements of system strength and inertia in the NEM from an operational security *** is the first country that established the regulation rules of system strength and inertia to accommodate issues of an emerging high penetration level of non-synchronous renewable generation.

关键词： Inertia power system renewable energy system strength

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BioClay^(TM)prolongs RNA interference-mediated crop protection against Botrytis cinerea

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Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2022年第11期64卷 2187-2198页

作者： Jonatan Niño-Sánchez Prabhakaran T.Sambasivam Anne Sawyer Rachael Hamby Angela Chen Elizabeth Czislowski Peng Li Narelle Manzie Donald M.Gardiner Rebecca Ford Zhi Ping Xu Neena Mitter Hailing Jin Department of Microbiology&Plant Pathology Center for Plant Cell BiologyInstitute for Integrative Genome BiologyUniversity of CaliforniaRiversideCalifornia92521USA Department of Plant Production and Forest Resources University of ValladolidPalencia 34004Spain iuFOR‐Sustainable Forest Management Research Institute University of Valladolid–INIAPalencia 34004Spain Centre for Planetary Health and Food Security Griffith UniversityNathanQueensland4111Australia School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences The University of QueenslandSt LuciaQueensland4072Australia Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation Centre for Horticultural ScienceThe University of QueenslandSt LuciaQueensland4072Australia School of Agriculture and Food Sciences The University of QueenslandSt LuciaQueensland4072Australia Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology The University of QueenslandSt LuciaQueensland4072Australia

One of the most promising tools for the control of fungal plant diseases is spray-induced gene silencing(SIGS).In SIGS,small interfering RNA(siRNA)or double-stranded RNA(dsRNA)targeting essential or virulence-related pathogen genes are exogenously applied to plants and postharvest products to trigger RNA interference(RNAi)of the targeted genes,inhibiting fungal growth and ***,SIGS is limited by the unstable nature of RNA under environmental *** use of layered double hydroxide or clay particles as carriers to deliver biologically active dsRNA,a formulation termed BioClay^(TM),can enhance RNA durability on plants,prolonging its activity against ***,we demonstrate that dsRNA delivered as BioClay can prolong protection against Botrytis cinerea,a major plant fungal pathogen,on tomato leaves and fruit and on mature chickpea *** increased the protection window from 1 to 3 weeks on tomato leaves and from 5 to 10 days on tomato fruits,when compared with naked *** flowering chickpea plants,BioClay provided prolonged protection for up to 4 weeks,covering the critical period of poding,whereas naked dsRNA provided limited *** research represents a major step forward for the adoption of SIGS as an eco-friendly alternative to traditional fungicides.

关键词： Bio Clay double stranded RNA layered double hydroxide RNA interference spray-induced gene silencing

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Critical pathway for primary open angle glaucoma diagnosis

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International Journal of Ophthalmology(English edition) 2017年第6期10卷 968-972页

作者： Alejandro R.Allocco Julia A.Ponce Maria J.Riera Mauricio G.Magurno Instituto Santa lucia Parana Alameda de la Federaci6n 493 Parana 3100 Entre Rios Argentina

AIM： To develop a critical pathway for primary open angle glaucoma （POAG） diagnosis intended to be efficient, to unify criteria, reduce resource use and minimize costs to the health system. METHODS： We performed a systematic search on PubMed, Cochrane, Embase and *** databases and classified the quality of evidence from level I through III. RESULTS： A critical pathway was designed by setting a key-decision step by step model on the basis of the best current evidence. CONCLUSION： A critical pathway, evidence-based guideline, may be a useful tool intended to reduce costs while maintaining or even improving the quality of care for diagnosing a highly prevalent pathology such as open angle glaucoma.

关键词： glaucoma diagnosis critical pathway guideline

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Phase equilibrium studies of titanomagnetite and ilmenite smelting slags

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International Journal of Minerals,Metallurgy and Materials 2022年第12期29卷 2162-2171页

作者： Jinfa Liao Baojun Zhao International Research Institute for Resources EnergyEnvironment and MaterialsJiangxi University of Science and TechnologyGanzhou 341000China Sustainable Minerals Institute University of QueenslandBrisbaneSaint Lucia 4072Australia

The phase equilibrium information of slag plays an important role in pyrometallurgical processes to obtain optimum fluxing conditions and operating *** smelting reduction of titanomagnetite and ilmenite ores in an iron blast furnace(BF)can form Ti(C,N)particles,causing the increased viscosities of slag and hot *** has been developed in recent years for ironmaking and does not need coke and *** formation of Ti(C,N)in the HIsmelt process is avoided because the oxygen partial pressure in the process is higher than that in the *** smelting of TiO_(2)-containing ores in the HIsmelt process results in Al_(2)O_(3)-MgO-SiO_(2)-CaO-TiO_(2)*** equilibrium in this slag system has been investigated using equilibration,quenching,and electron probe microanalysis *** experimental results were presented in two pseudo-binary sections,which represent the process of HIsmelt for the treatment of 100%titanomagnetite ore and mixed titanomagnetite+ilmenite ore(mass ratio of 2:1),*** primary phases observed in the composition range investigated include pseudo-brookite M_(3)O_(5)(MgO·2TiO_(2)-Al_(2)O_(3)·TiO_(2)),spinel(MgO·Al_(2)O_(3)),perovskite CaTiO_(3),and rutile TiO_(2).The results show that the liquidus temperatures decrease in the TiO_(2)and M_(3)O_(5) primary phase fields and increase in the spinel and CaTiO_(3)primary phase fields with the increase in CaO *** calculation of solid-phase fractions from the experimental data has been *** effect of basicity on the liquidus temperatures of the slag has been *** smelting of titanomagnetite plus ilmenite ores has significant advantages to obtain low-sulfur hot metal and high-TiO_(2)*** determined liquidus temperatures were compared with the FactSage predictions to evaluate the existing thermodynamic databases.

关键词： HIsmelt slag phase equilibrium Al_(2)O_(3)-MgO-SiO_(2)-CaO-TiO_(2)system FactSage

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