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Investigation and mitigation of Mott neuronal oscillation fluctuation in spiking neural network

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Science China(Information Sciences) 2024年第2期67卷 291-301页

作者： Lindong WU Zongwei WANG Lin BAO Linbo SHAN Zhizhen YU Yunfan YANG Shuangjie ZHANG Guandong BAI Cuimei WANG John ROBERTSON Yuan WANG Yimao CAI Ru HUANG School of Integrated Circuits Peking University Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Integrated Circuits State Key Laboratory of Information photonics and Optical Communications Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications Department of Engineering University of Cambridge

Mott devices, featuring low hardware cost and high energy efficiency, have been demonstrated as a key oscillatory element in artificial neurons to enable spiking neural networks(SNNs) such as conversionbased SNNs(CSNNs). However, there will be inevitably non-ideal fluctuation in the oscillation behavior,causing the accuracy degradation of networks. In this paper, we investigate the Mott neuronal oscillation fluctuation(NOF) through experiments and modeling. The results show that the NOF phenomenon conforms to Gaussian distribution and originates from thermal fluctuation induced switching voltage variations. We construct a two-layer CSNN for image recognition tasks to study the NOF effect and propose the activation function boundary(AFB) method to strengthen the stability of the network. The results indicate that AFB can improve the accuracy of CSNN by up to 15.5% by tightening output distribution.

关键词： Mott neuron oscillation fluctuation variation-aware Mott neuronal model conversion-based spiking neural network activation function boundary

Road map for, and technical challenges of, carbon-nanotube integrated circuit technology

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National Science Review 2024年第3期11卷 14-16页

作者： Jia Si Panpan Zhang Zhiyong Zhang Key Laboratory for the Physics and Chemistry of Nanodevices and Center for Carbon-based Electronics School of Electronics Peking University State Key Laboratory of Information photonics and Optical Communications Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications

The past decade has witnessed an explosion of research on carbon-nanotube(CNT) electronics due to their outstanding properties, including an ultrathin body, a high carrier mobility and a high saturation velocity.

关键词： TRANSISTORS

Electric tuning of plasmonic resonances in ultrathin gold nanoribbon arrays

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photonics Research 2024年第8期12卷 1750-1759页

作者： ZHENXIN WANG ALEXEY VKRASAVIN CHENXINYU PAN JUNSHENG ZHENG ZHIYONG LI XIN GUO ANATOLY VZAYATS LIMIN TONG PAN WANG State Key Laboratory of Extreme photonics and Instrumentation College of Optical Science and EngineeringZhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310027China Department of Physics and London Centre for Nanotechnology King’s College LondonStrandLondon WC2R 2LSUK Jiaxing Key Laboratory of Photonic Sensing&Intelligent Imaging Intelligent Optics&Photonics Research CenterJiaxing Research Institute Zhejiang UniversityJiaxing 314000China

Ultrathin plasmonic nanostructures offer an unparalleled opportunity for the study of light–matter interactions at the nanoscale and realization of compact nanophotonic *** this study,we introduce an ultrathin gold nanoribbon array and demonstrate an electric approach to actively tuning its plasmonic resonance,which leveraging the extreme light confinement capability in the ultrathin plasmonic nanostructure and a robust nanoscale electro-optical effect in indium tin *** the design(to a total thickness as small as 12 nm for a 2-nmthick gold nanoribbon array),we numerically demonstrate a spectral shift in the plasmonic resonance up to 36 nm along with an approximately 16%change in the transmission at a gate voltage below 1.7 V at the wavelength of1.47μ*** work presents progress towards electric tuning of plasmonic resonances in ultrathin metallic nanostructures for various applications including surface-enhanced spectroscopy,spontaneous emission enhancement,and optical modulation.

关键词： plasmon tuning realization

Active metasurface via magnetic control for tri-channel polarization multiplexing holography

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Chinese Optics Letters 2024年第4期22卷 112-118页

作者：毕钰黄玲玲李拓王长红邹晓峰周朗康果果 Shandong Inspur Artificial Intelligence Research Institute Company Limited Jinan 250013China MIIT Key Laboratory of photonics Information Technology School of Optics and PhotonicsBeijing Institute of TechnologyBeijing 100081China

Active metasurfaces have recently attracted more attention since they can make the light manipulation be versatile and real-time. Metasurfaces-based holography possesses the advantages of high spatial resolution and enormous information capacity for applications in optical displays and encryption. In this work, a tunable polarization multiplexing holographic metasurface controlled by an external magnetic field is proposed. The elaborately designed nanoantennas are arranged on the magneto-optical intermediate layer, which is placed on the metallic reflecting layer. Since the non-diagonal elements of the dielectric tensor of the magneto-optical material become non-zero values once the external magnetic field is applied,the differential absorption for the left and right circularly polarized light can be generated. Meanwhile, the amplitude and phase can be flexibly modulated by changing the sizes of the nanoantennas. Based on this, the dynamic multichannel holographic display of metasurface in the linear and circular polarization channels is realized via magnetic control, and it can provide enhanced security for optical information storage. This work paves the way for the realization of magnetically controllable phase modulation, which is promising in dynamic wavefront control and optical information encryption.

关键词： active metasurface magneto-optical effect polarization multiplexing holography dynamic holographic display

Universal dynamic scaling and Contact dynamics in quenched quantum gases

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Frontiers of physics 2024年第2期19卷 213-220页

作者： Jia-Nan Cui Zhengqiang Zhou Mingyuan Sun School of Science Beijing University of Posts and TelecommunicationsBeijing 100876China State Key Lab of Information photonics and Optical Communications Beijing University of Posts and TelecommunicationsBeijing 100876China

Recently universal dynamic scaling is observed in several systems,which exhibit a spatiotemporal self-similar scaling behavior,analogous to the spatial scaling near phase *** latter one arises from the emergent continuous scaling *** by this,we investigate the possible relation between the scaling dynamics and the continuous scaling symmetry in this *** derive a theorem that the scaling invariance of the quenched Hamiltonian and the initial density matrix can lead to the universal dynamic *** is further demonstrated both in a two-body system analytically and in a many-body system *** the latter one,we calculate the dynamics of quantum gases quenched from the zero interaction to a finite interaction via the non-equilibrium high-temperature virial expansion.A dynamic scaling of the momentum distribution appears in certain momentum-time windows at unitarity as well as in the weak interacting ***,this universal scaling dynamics persists approximately with smaller scaling exponents even if the scaling symmetry is fairly *** findings may offer a new perspective to interpret the related *** also study the Contact dynamics in the BEC−BCS ***,the half-way time displays a maximum near unitarity while some damping oscillations occur on the BEC side due to the dimer state,which can be used to detect possible two-body bound states in experiments.

关键词： dynamic scaling Contact dynamics quantum gases cold atom quench dynamics virial expansion continuous scaling symmetry

Investigation of crack segmentation and fast evaluation of crack propagation, based on deep learning

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Frontiers of Structural and Civil Engineering 2024年第4期18卷 516-535页

作者： Than V.TRAN H.NGUYEN-XUAN Xiaoying ZHUANG Institute of photonics Leibniz University HannoverHannover 30167Germany CIRTech Institute HUTECH UniversityHo Chi Minh City 700000Vietnam College of Civil Engineering Tongji UniversityShanghai 200092China

Identifying crack and predicting crack propagation are critical processes for the risk assessment of engineering *** traditional approaches to crack modeling are faced with issues of high computational costs and excessive computing *** address this issue,we explore the potential of deep learning(DL)to increase the efficiency of crack detection and forecasting crack ***,there is no single algorithm that can fit all data sets well or can apply in all cases since specific tasks *** the paper,we present DL models for identifying cracks,especially on concrete surface images,and for predicting crack ***,SegNet and U-Net networks are used to identify concrete *** gradient descent(SGD)and adaptive moment estimation(Adam)algorithms are applied to minimize loss function during ***,time series algorithms including gated recurrent unit(GRU)and long short-term memory(LSTM)are used to predict crack *** experimental findings indicate that the U-Net is more robust and efficient than the SegNet for identifying crack segmentation and achieves the most outstanding *** evaluation of crack propagation,GRU and LSTM are used as DL models and results show good agreement with the experimental data.

关键词： deep learning crack segmentation crack propagation encoder−decoder recurrent neural network

Optical micro/nanofiber enabled tactile sensors and soft actuators:A review

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Opto-Electronic Science 2024年第8期3卷 13-29页

作者： Lei Zhang Yuqi Zhen Limin Tong State Key Laboratory of Extreme photonics and Instrumentation College of Optical Science and EngineeringZhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310027China

As a combination of fiber optics and nanotechnology,optical micro/nanofiber(MNF)is considered as an important multifunctional building block for fabricating various miniaturized photonic *** the rapid progress in flexible optoelectronics,MNF has been emerging as a promising candidate for assembling tactile sensors and soft actuators owing to its unique optical and mechanical *** review discusses the advances in MNF enabled tactile sensors and soft actuators,specifically,focusing on the latest research results over the past 5 years and the applications in health monitoring,human-machine interfaces,and *** prospects and challenges in developing flexible MNF devices are also presented.

关键词： flexible opto-electronic devices tactile sensors soft actuators optical micro/nanofibers

Very long wave infrared quantum dot photodetector up to 18μm

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Light(Science & Applications) 2024年第4期13卷 772-782页

作者： Xiaomeng Xue Qun Hao Menglu Chen School of Optics and photonics Beijing Institute of TechnologyBeijing 100081China. Westlake Institute for Optoelectronics FuyangHangzhou 311421China. Physics Department Changchun University of Science and TechnologyChangchun 130022China

Colloidal quantum dots(CQDs)are of interest for optoelectronic devices because of the possibility of high-throughput solution processing and the wide energy gap tunability from ultraviolet to infrared *** may question about the upper limit on the CQD wavelength *** date,although the CQD absorption already reaches terahertz,the practical photodetection wavelength is limited within mid-wave *** figure out challenges on CQD photoresponse in longer wavelength,would reveal the ultimate property on these ***’s more,it motivates interest in bottom-up infrared photodetection with less than 10%cost compared with epitaxial growth semiconductor *** this work,developing a re-growth method and ionic doping modification,we demonstrate photodetection up to 18μm wavelength on HgTe *** liquid nitrogen temperature,the responsivity reaches 0.3 A/W and 0.13 A/W,with specific detectivity 6.6×108 Jones and 2.3×109 Jones for 18μm and 10μm CQD photoconductors,*** work is a step toward answering the general question on the CQD photodetection wavelength limitation.

关键词： quantum wave ultraviolet

Absorption-dominant EMI shielding performance of multiple folded Bi_(2)Se_(3)/PVDF nanocomposite films

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Journal of Materiomics 2024年第1期10卷 27-36页

作者： Xinyi Pu Zunpeng Feng Siyuan Sun Ke Bi Yanan Hao State Key Laboratory of Information photonics and Optical Communications School of ScienceBeijing University of Posts and TelecommunicationsBeijing100876China Chinese Academy of Engineering Innovation Strategy Beijing100088China

Absorption-dominant electromagnetic interference(EMI)shielding materials are promising in reducing electromagnetic radiation pollution,but their preparation processes are usually difficult and unsuitable for large-scale *** this work,multiple folded Bi_(2)Se_(3)/PVDF nanocomposite films were fabri-cated by using a convenient tape-casting method and multiple folding,which can be easily extended in industrial *** EMI shielding effectiveness(SE)of the composite materials was investigated,which shows typical absorption-dominant behavior and can substantially reduce secondary ***,for the 35%(in volume)Bi_(2)Se_(3)/PVDF nanocomposite film,the SE_(A)of single-layered film with a thickness of 60 mm reaches 20 dB while SE_(R)is lower than 5 *** folding the film into eight layers,the SE_(A)increased to 50 dB while SE_(R)remains below 5 *** method provides an effective way to the fabrication of absorption-dominant electromagnetic absorption(EMA)and EMI shielding material.

关键词： Electromagnetic interference shielding(EMI) Electromagnetic wave absorption Bismuth selenide Composite