检索结果-南通市图书馆

Recent advances and future therapy development for Alzheimer’s disease and related disorders

在线全文

维普期刊数据库

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Neural Regeneration Research 2024年第9期19卷 1877-1878页

作者： Megan Hong Gal Bitan department of Neurology David Geffen School of MedicineUniversity of California Los AngelesLos AngelesCAUSA department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of California Los AngelesLos AngelesCAUSA Molecular Biology Institute University of California Los AngelesLos AngelesCAUSA Brain Research Institute University of CaliforniaLos AngelesCAUSA

Over 55 million people globally live with Alzheimer’s disease(AD)or related dementias(ADRD)and the number is expected to double every twenty *** i l recent l y,onl y symptomatic treatments were available to patients with AD,including acetylcholine esterase inhibitors,of which the last one,galantamine,was approved by the US Food and Drug Administration(FDA)in 2001.

关键词： Alzheimer globally patients

维普期刊数据库

All-optical complex field imaging using diffractive processors

在线全文

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Light(Science & Applications) 2024年第6期13卷 1122-1139页

作者： Jingxi Li Yuhang Li Tianyi Gan Che-Yung Shen Mona Jarrahi Aydogan Ozcan Electrical and Computer Engineering department University of CaliforniaLos AngelesCA90095USA Bioengineering department University of CaliforniaLos AngelesCA90095USA California NanoSystems Institute(CNSI) University of CaliforniaLos AngelesCA90095USA

Complex field imaging,which captures both the amplitude and phase information of input optical fields or objects,can offer rich structural insights into samples,such as their absorption and refractive index ***,conventional image sensors are intensity-based and inherently lack the capability to directly measure the phase distribution of a *** limitation can be overcome using interferometric or holographic methods,often supplemented by iterative phase retrieval algorithms,leading to a considerable increase in hardware complexity and computational ***,we present a complex field imager design that enables snapshot imaging of both the amplitude and quantitative phase information of input fields using an intensity-based sensor array without any digital *** design utilizes successive deep learning-optimized diffractive surfaces that are structured to collectively modulate the input complex field,forming two independent imaging channels that perform amplitude-to-amplitude and phase-to-intensity transformations between the input and output planes within a compact optical design,axially spanning~100 *** intensity distributions of the output fields at these two channels on the sensor plane directly correspond to the amplitude and quantitative phase profiles of the input complex field,eliminating the need for any digital image reconstruction *** experimentally validated the efficacy of our complex field diffractive imager designs through 3D-printed prototypes operating at the terahertz spectrum,with the output amplitude and phase channel images closely aligning with our numerical *** envision that this complex field imager will have various applications in security,biomedical imaging,sensing and material science,among others.

关键词： field. utilize collective

Dental-derived stem cells in tissue engineering:the role of biomaterials and host response

在线全文

维普期刊数据库

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Regenerative Biomaterials 2024年第1期3卷 17-26页

作者： Weihao Yuan Luiza de Almeida Queiroz Ferreira Bo Yu Sahar Ansari Alireza Moshaverinia Weintraub Center for Reconstructive Biotechnology Section of ProsthodonticsSchool of DentistryUniversity of CaliforniaLos AngelesLos AngelesCA 90095USA department of Restorative Dentistry School of DentistryUniversidade Federal de Minas GeraisBelo HorizonteMinas GeraisBrazil Section of Restorative Dentistry School of DentistryUniversity of CaliforniaLos AngelesLos AngelesCA 90095USA department of Bioengineering Henry Samueli School of Engineering and Applied SciencesUniversity of CaliforniaLos AngelesLos AngelesCA 90095USA

Dental-derived stem cells(DSCs)are attractive cell sources due to their easy access,superior growth capacity and low *** can respond to multiple extracellular matrix signals,which provide biophysical and biochemical cues to regulate the fate of residing ***,the direct transplantation of DSCs suffers from poor proliferation and differentiation toward functional cells and low survival rates due to local ***,elegant advances in the design of novel biomaterials have been made to give promise to the use of biomimetic biomaterials to regulate various cell behaviors,including proliferation,differentiation and *** could be tailored with multiple functionalities,e.g.,*** is an emerging need to summarize recent advances in engineered biomaterials-mediated delivery and therapy of DSCs and their potential ***,we outlined the design of biomaterials for supporting DSCs and the host response to the transplantation.

关键词： dental-derived stem cells biomaterials host response tissue engineering

Model Change Active Learning in Graph-Based Semi-supervised Learning

在线全文

维普期刊数据库

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Communications on Applied Mathematics and Computation 2024年第2期6卷 1270-1298页

作者： Kevin S.Miller Andrea L.Bertozzi department of Mathematics University of CaliforniaLos Angeles520 Portola PlazaLos AngelesCA 90095USA

Active learning in semi-supervised classification involves introducing additional labels for unlabelled data to improve the accuracy of the underlying classifier.A challenge is to identify which points to label to best improve performance while limiting the number of new labels."Model Change"active learning quantifies the resulting change incurred in the classifier by introducing the additional label(s).We pair this idea with graph-based semi-supervised learning(SSL)methods,that use the spectrum of the graph Laplacian matrix,which can be truncated to avoid prohibitively large computational and storage *** consider a family of convex loss functions for which the acquisition function can be efficiently approximated using the Laplace approximation of the posterior *** show a variety of multiclass examples that illustrate improved performance over prior state-of-art.

关键词： Active learning Graph-based methods Semi-supervised learning(SSL) Graph Laplacian

All-optical image denoising using a diffractive visual processor

在线全文

维普期刊数据库

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Light(Science & Applications) 2024年第3期13卷 429-445页

作者： Çağatay Işıl Tianyi Gan Fazil Onuralp Ardic Koray Mentesoglu Jagrit Digani Huseyin Karaca Hanlong Chen Jingxi Li Deniz Mengu Mona Jarrahi Kaan Akşit Aydogan Ozcan Electrical and Computer Engineering department University of CaliforniaLos AngelesCA 90095USA Bioengineering department University of CaliforniaLos AngelesCA 90095USA California NanoSystems Institute(CNSI) University of CaliforniaLos AngelesCA 90095USA University College London Department of Computer ScienceLondonUnited Kingdom

Image denoising,one of the essential inverse problems,targets to remove noise/artifacts from input *** general,digital image denoising algorithms,executed on computers,present latency due to several iterations implemented in,e.g.,graphics processing units(GPUs).While deep learning-enabled methods can operate non-iteratively,they also introduce latency and impose a significant computational burden,leading to increased power ***,we introduce an analog diffractive image denoiser to all-optically and non-iteratively clean various forms of noise and artifacts from input images–implemented at the speed of light propagation within a thin diffractive visual processor that axially spans<250×λ,whereλis the wavelength of *** all-optical image denoiser comprises passive transmissive layers optimized using deep learning to physically scatter the optical modes that represent various noise features,causing them to miss the output image Field-of-View(FoV)while retaining the object features of *** results show that these diffractive denoisers can efficiently remove salt and pepper noise and image rendering-related spatial artifacts from input phase or intensity images while achieving an output power efficiency of~30–40%.We experimentally demonstrated the effectiveness of this analog denoiser architecture using a 3D-printed diffractive visual processor operating at the terahertz *** to their speed,power-efficiency,and minimal computational overhead,all-optical diffractive denoisers can be transformative for various image display and projection systems,including,e.g.,holographic displays.

关键词： remove rendering holographic

Recent progress in MnBi2nTe3n+1 intrinsic magnetic topological insulators: crystal growth, magnetism and chemical disorder

在线全文

维普期刊数据库

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

National Science Review 2024年第2期11卷 65-80页

作者： Chaowei Hu Tiema Qian Ni Ni department of Physics and Astronomy and California Nano Systems Institute University of California-Los Angeles

The search for magnetic topological materials has been at the forefront of condensed matter research for their potential to host exotic states such as axion insulators, magnetic Weyl semimetals, Chern insulators,etc. To date, the MnBi2nTe3n+1family is the only group of materials showcasing van der Waals-layered structures, intrinsic magnetism and non-trivial band topology without trivial bands at the Fermi level. The interplay between magnetism and band topology in this family has led to the proposal of various topological phenomena, including the quantum anomalous Hall effect, quantum spin Hall effect and quantum magnetoelectric effect. Among these, the quantum anomalous Hall effect has been experimentally observed at record-high temperatures, highlighting the unprecedented potential of this family of materials in fundamental science and technological innovation. In this paper, we provide a comprehensive review of the research progress in this intrinsic magnetic topological insulator family, with a focus on single-crystal growth, characterization of chemical disorder, manipulation of magnetism through chemical substitution and external pressure, and important questions that remain to be conclusively answered.

关键词： MnBi2Te4 magnetic topological insulator magnetism tuning antiferromagnetism ferromagnetism pressure chemical doping

OAM-based diffractive all-optical classification

在线全文

同方期刊数据库

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Advanced Photonics 2024年第1期6卷 6-7页

作者： Md Sadman Sakib Rahman Aydogan Ozcan University of California Electrical and Computer Engineering DepartmentLos AngelesCaliforniaUnited States University of California Bioengineering DepartmentLos AngelesCaliforniaUnited States University of California California NanoSystems Institute(CNSI)Los AngelesCaliforniaUnited States

Object classification is an important aspect of machine *** practices in object classification entail the digitization of object information followed by the application of digital algorithms such as deep neural *** execution of digital neural networks is power-consuming,and the throughput is *** existing von Neumann digital computing paradigm is also less suited for the implementation of highly parallel neural network architectures.^(1)

关键词： consuming digit neural

维普期刊数据库

Recent advances and remaining challenges in lung cancer therapy

在线全文

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Chinese Medical Journal 2024年第5期137卷 533-546页

作者： Tasha Barr Shoubao Ma Zhixin Li Jianhua Yu department of Hematology and Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation City of Hope National Medical CenterLos AngelesCalifornia 91010USA Comprehensive Cancer Center City of HopeLos AngelesCalifornia 91010USA department of Immuno-Oncology Beckman Research InstituteLos AngelesCalifornia 91010USA

Lung cancer remains the most common cause of cancer *** the continued research into new drugs and combination therapies,outcomes in lung cancer have been improved,and clinical benefits have been expanded to a broader patient ***,the overall cure and survival rates for lung cancer patients remain low,especially in metastatic *** the available lung cancer treatment options,such as surgery,radiation therapy,chemotherapy,targeted therapies,and alternative therapies,immunotherapy has shown to be the most *** exponential progress in immuno-oncology research and recent advancements made in the field of immunotherapy will further increase the survival and quality of life for lung cancer *** progress has been made in targeted therapies using tyrosine kinase inhibitors and monoclonal antibody immune checkpoint inhibitors with many US Food And Drug Administration(FDA)-approved drugs targeting the programmed cell death ligand-1 protein(e.g.,durvalumab,atezolizumab),the programmed cell death-1 receptor(e.g.,nivolumab,pembrolizumab),and cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated antigen 4(e.g.,tremelimumab,ipilimumab).Cytokines,cancer vaccines,adoptive T cell therapies,and Natural killer cell mono-and combinational therapies are rapidly being studied,yet to date,there are currently none that are FDA-approved for the treatment of lung *** this review,we discuss the current lung cancer therapies with an emphasis on immunotherapy,including the challenges for future research and clinical applications.

关键词： Lung cancer Therapy Immunotherapy Combination therapy Adoptive T cell therapies

维普期刊数据库

Global Solutions to Nonconvex Problems by Evolution of Hamilton-Jacobi PDEs

在线全文

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Communications on Applied Mathematics and Computation 2024年第2期6卷 790-810页

作者： Howard Heaton Samy Wu Fung Stanley Osher Typal Research Typal LLCLos AngelesUSA department of Applied Mathematics and Statistics Colorado School of MinesGoldenUSA department Mathematics UCLALos AngelesUSA

Computing tasks may often be posed as optimization *** objective functions for real-world scenarios are often nonconvex and/or ***-of-the-art methods for solving these problems typically only guarantee convergence to local *** work presents Hamilton-Jacobi-based Moreau adaptive descent(HJ-MAD),a zero-order algorithm with guaranteed convergence to global minima,assuming continuity of the objective *** core idea is to compute gradients of the Moreau envelope of the objective(which is"piece-wise convex")with adaptive smoothing *** of the Moreau envelope(i.e.,proximal operators)are approximated via the Hopf-Lax formula for the viscous Hamilton-Jacobi *** numerical examples illustrate global convergence.

关键词： Global optimization Moreau envelope Hamilton-Jacobi Hopf-Lax-Cole-Hopf Proximals Zero-order optimization