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Numerical simulation of non-Archie electrophysical property of saturated rock with lattice Boltzmann method

Petroleum Science 2009年第1期6卷 24-28页

作者： Yue Wenzheng Tao Guo Liu Dongming Yang Wendu State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Resource and Prospecting China University of Petroleum Beijing 102249 China Key Laboratory of Earth Prospecting and Information technology China University of Petroleum Beijing 102249 China research Centre of Well logging CNPC Key Laboratory of Well Logging China University of Petroleum Beijing 102249 China cnpc logging Changqing Business Division Xi＇an Shaanxi 710201 China Sichuan Petroleum Administration logging company Ltd. CNPC Chongqing 401147 China

The electrophysical property of saturated rocks is very important for reservoir identification and evaluation. In this paper, the lattice Boltzmann method （LBM） was used to study the electrophysical property of rock saturated with fluid because of its advantages over conventional numerical approaches in handling complex pore geometry and boundary conditions. The digital core model was constructed through the accumulation of matrix grains based on their radius distribution obtained by the measurements of core samples. The flow of electrical current through the core model saturated with oil and water was simulated on the mesoscopic scale to reveal the non-Archie relationship between resistivity index and water saturation （I-Sw）. The results from LBM simulation and laboratory measurements demonstrated that the I-Sw relation in the range of low water saturation was generally not a straight line in the log-log coordinates as described by the Archie equation. We thus developed a new equation based on numerical simulation and physical experiments. This new equation was used to fit the data from laboratory core measurements and previously published data. Determination of fluid saturation and reservoir evaluation could be significantly improved by using the new equation.

关键词： Non-Archie relation digital core model lattice Boltzmann method numerical simulation rock physical experiment

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Identification of the anomaly component using BEMD combined with PCA from element concentrations in the Tengchong tin belt, SW China

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Geoscience Frontiers 2019年第4期10卷 1561-1576页

作者： Yongqing Chen Lina Zhang Binbin Zhao School of the Earth Sciences and Resources China University of GeosciencesBeijing 100083China cnpc logging Application research institute CNPC LoggingXi’an 710000China Sinomine Resource Group Co. Ltd.Beijing 100089China

Concentration of elements or element groups in a geological body is the result of multiple stages of rockforming and ore-forming geological *** ore-forming element group can be identified by PCA(principal component analysis)and be separated into two components using BEMD(bi-dimensional empirical mode decomposition):(1)a high background component which represents the ore-forming background developed in rocks through various geological processes favorable for mineralization(***,sedimentation and/or metamorphism);(2)the anomaly component which reflects the oreforming anomaly that is overprinted on the high background component developed during *** components are used to identify ore-finding targets more effectively than ore-forming element *** steps of data analytical procedures are described in this paper;firstly,the application of PCA to establish the ore-forming element group;secondly,using BEMD on the o re-forming element group to identify the anomaly components created by different types of mineralization processes;and finally,identifying ore-finding targets based on the anomaly *** method is applied to the Tengchong tin-polymetallic belt to delineate ore-finding targets,where four targets for Sn(W)and three targets for Pb-Zn-Ag-Fe polymetallic mineralization are identified and defined as new areas for further *** is shown that BEMD combined with PCA can be applied not only in extracting the anomaly component for delineating the ore-finding target,but also in extracting the residual component for identifying its high background zone favorable for mineralization from its oreforming element group.

关键词： Bi-dimensional empirical mode decomposition(BEMD) Principal component analysis(PCA) Anomaly components Ore-forming element groups Sn(W)and Pb-Zn-Ag-Fe polymetallic deposits Tengchong tin-polymetallic belt

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Comment on “A numerical investigation of the acoustic mode waves in a deviated borehole penetrating a transversely isotropic formation”

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Science China(Physics,Mechanics & Astronomy) 2016年第8期59卷 89-90页

作者： Steve A.Horne Douglas Miller CanYun Wang Chevron Energy technology Corporation London El4 4HA UK Massachusetts institute of technology Boston 02139 USA cnpc logging company Ltd Beijing 102206 China

In the paper"A numerical investigation of the acoustic mode waves in a deviated borehole penetrating a transversely isotropic formation"by Liu et al.[1]numerical experiments are reported for a dipole sonic logging scenario with a deviated borehole penetrating a VTI anisotropic *** such a situation it is important to clearly define the meaning of group and phase velocities as this has led to much confusion in the literature as discussed by Miller,Horne and Walsh[2].

关键词： penetrating Comment on isotropic borehole logging sonic confusion dipole deviation clearly

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Hydrocarbon Generation Kinetic Characteristics from Different Types of Organic Matter

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Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 2011年第3期85卷 702-711页

作者： WANG Min LU Shuangfang XUE Haitao WANG Weiming LIU Min DONG Qi WANG Guihua Earth Science institute Northeast Petroleum University HeiIongjiang 163318 China Chongqing Divison CNPC Logging Shanxi 710201 China

In order to contrast the hydrocarbon generation kinetic characteristics from different types of organic matter（OM）,18 samples from different basins were pyrolyzed using Rock-Eval-Ⅱapparatus under the open *** the experimental results,the curve of hydrocarbon generation rate *** can be easily obtained,which usually can be used to optimize kinetic parameters （A,E,F）of the hydrocarbon generation *** this paper,the parallel first-order reaction with a single frequency factor model is selected to describe the hydrocarbon generation kinetic characteristics. The hydrocarbon generation kinetic parameters reveal that the types of compound structures and chemical bonds of the lacustrine fades typeⅠOM are relatively homogeneous,with one dominating activation *** types of chemical bonds of the lacustrine facies typeⅡ2 OM and the terrestrial facies typeⅢOM are relative complex,with a broad activation energy distribution,and the reaction fraction of the preponderant activation energy drops with the decrease of hydrogen *** impact of the activation energy distribution spaces on the geological extrapolation of kinetic parameters is also *** results show that it has little effect on the hydrocarbon transformation ratio（TR）and therefore,the parallel first-order reaction model with proper number of activation energies can be better used to describe the hydrocarbon generation *** geological extrapolation results of 18 samples of kinetic parameters show that the distribution range of the hydrocarbon generation rate of the typeⅠOM is relatively narrow and the hydrocarbon generation curve is *** comparison,the distribution range of the hydrocarbon generation for typeⅢand typeⅡ2-ⅢOM are quite wide,and the hydrocarbon generation curves have fluctuation *** distribution range of the hydrocarbon generation rate and the fluctuation phenomena are related to the kinetic parameters of OM;the narrower the activation energy d

关键词： kinetic characteristics simulation experiment type of organic matter activation energy hydrocarbon generation rate

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Self-adaptively inpainting gaps between electrical image pads according to the image fabric

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Applied Geophysics 2020年第5期17卷 823-833,903,904页

作者： Zhang Zhao-hui Deng Jing Chen Hua-yong Yu Hong-guo School of Geology and Mining Engineering Xinjiang UniversityUrumqi 830046China Exploration and Development research institute of Changqing Oilfi eld company PetroChinaXi’an 710018China Xinjiang branch of cnpc logging Karamay 834000China.

Images created from measurements made by wireline microresistivity imaging tools have longitudinal gaps when the well circumference exceeds the total width of the pad-mounted electrode *** gap size depends on the tool design and borehole size,and the null data in these gaps negatively aff ect the quantitative evaluation of *** with linear and texture features obtained from microresistivity image logs have distinct dual fabric features because of logging principles and various geological *** image features usually include phenomena such as fractures,bedding,and ***,texture-based image features usually indicate phenomena such as vugs and rock *** to the characteristics of this fabric-based binary image structure and guided by the practice of geological interpretation,an adaptive inpainting method for the blank gaps in microresistivity image logs is *** images with linear features,a sinusoidal tracking inpainting algorithm based on an evaluation of the validity and continuity of pixel sets is ***,the most similar target transplantation algorithm is applied to texture-based *** results obtained for measured electrical imaging data showed that the full borehole image obtained by the proposed method,whether it was a linear structural image refl ecting fracture and bedding or texture-based image refl ecting the matrix and pore of rock,had substantially good inpainting quality with enhanced visual *** proposed method was eff ective for inpainting electrical image logs with large gaps and high angle fractures with high ***,ladder and block artifacts were rare,and the inpainting marks were not *** addition,detailed full borehole images obtained by the proposed method will provide an essential basis for interpreting geological phenomena and reservoir parameters.

关键词： electrical image logging binary structure image inpainting self-adaptively fabric guiding

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Resistivity Logs of the Chinese Continental Scientific Drilling Main Hole:Implication for the Crustal Electrical Structure of Dabie-Sulu Terrane,Central-Eastern China

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Journal of Earth Science 2011年第2期22卷 292-298页

作者：骆淼潘和平赵永刚 institute of Geophysics & Geomatics China University of Geosciences Well logging company of North China Petroleum Bureau of SINOPEC

To understand the electrical structure of the Sulu（苏鲁） terrane,we analyzed the resis-tivity logs of the Chinese Continental Scientific Drilling main hole（CCSD-MH） and obtained the statis-tical characteristics of the resistivity log of ultrahigh-pressure（UHP） metamorphic *** check the logs＇ quality,we compared the resistivity log data with the core test *** two datasets show a good *** the whole,the resistivity of the UHP metamorphic rocks from the CCSD-MH is very high（mostly higher than 1 000 ？？m）.From orthogneiss to paragneiss,amphibolite,retrograded eclogite,rutile eclogite,phengite eclogite,and ultramafic rock,the resistivity decreases *** fracture zone,enrichment of metal minerals,and serpentinization of peridotite can probably cause the decrease of *** the electrical structure of the crust of Dabie（大别） terrane and Sulu terrane,we can conclude that（1） the electrical structure of the crust of Dabie terrane and Sulu terrane shows a very big difference,（2） the high-resistivity zone of the north Sulu orogen extended to a very great depth（60 km）,but the high-resistivity zone of Dabie orogen is over the depth of 25 km.

关键词： resistivity log CCSD-MH UHP metamorphic rock electrical structure Dabie-Suluterrane.

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Fluid property identification of the Lower Cretaceous reservoirs with complex oil-water contacts in Deseo Basin,Chad

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Energy Geoscience 2024年第1期5卷 89-98页

作者： Xinxin Zhang Lianfeng Zhu Tianjiao Wang Xiaokang Shi Bo Han Jian Shen Hailei Gao Mud logging company Great Wall Drilling Company Ltd.CNPCLiaoningPanjin124010China cnpc Latin America Ltd. Beijing100034China cnpc Andes(Ecuador)Ltd. Beijing100034China

Recently,exploration breakthroughs have been made in the Lower Cretaceous sandstone reservoirs in the Doseo Basin,but the identification of reservoir fluid property is difficult due to variable reservoir lithology,complex oil-water contact within and faint responses of the oil zone,which causes the lower accuracy of reservoir fluid property identification with conventional mudlogging and wirelogging *** the geochemical logging,fluorescent logging,mud logging and cutting logging technology,in combination with formation test data,this paper distinguishes the crude oil types,analyzes the logging response characteristics of oil zone after water washing,and establishes the interpretation charts and parameter standards for reservoir fluid *** crude oil can be divided into two types,namely viscous-heavy and thin-light,based on total hydrocarbon content and component concentration tested by mud logging,features of pyrolysis gas chromatogram and fluorescence *** general characteristics of oil layers experienced water washing include the decrease of total hydrocarbon content and component concentration from mud logging,the decrease of S1 and PS values from geochemical logging,the decrease of hydrocarbon abundance and absence of some light components in pyrolysis gas chromatogram,and the decrease of fluorescence area and intensity from fluorescence *** to crude oil types,the cross plots of S1 versus peak-baseline ratio,and the cross plots of rock wettability versus fluorescence area ratio are drawn and used to interpret reservoir fluid ***,the standards of reservoir fluid parameter are established combining with the parameters of PS and the parameters in above charts,and comprehensive multiparameter correlation in both vertical and horizontal ways is also performed to interpret reservoir fluid *** application in the Doseo Basin achieved great success,improving interpretation ability of fluid property

关键词： Doseo Basin Reservoir interpretation Oil-water contact Fluid property Crude oil type

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Petroleum geological features and hydrocarbon enrichment of Linhe Depression in Hetao Basin, NW China

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Petroleum Exploration and Development 2023年第4期50卷 798-811页

作者： ZHANG Ruifeng HE Haiqing ZHU Qingzhong CHEN Shuguang LIU Xiheng DAN Weining HU Yanxu SHI Yulei ZHANG Yufei YU Haijun ZHANG Ximeng PetroChina Huabei Oilfield company Renqiu 062552China PetroChina Oil&Gas and New Energy company Beijing 100007China logging technology research institute of cnpc logging company Beijing 100007China No.2 Mud logging company CNPC Bohai Drilling Engineering Company LimitedRenqiu 062552China

Based on paleogeomorphology, drilling and seismic data, this paper systematically studies the structural and sedimentary evolution, source rock characteristics, reservoir characteristics and formation mechanism, hydrocarbon accumulation model and enrichment law in the Linhe Depression of the Hetao Basin, NW China. The Hetao Basin mainly experienced three stages of evolution, namely, weak extensional fault depression, strong extensional fault depression and strike-slip transformation, giving rise to four positive structural belts(Jilantai, Shabu, Nalinhu and Xinglong), which are favorable areas for oil and gas accumulation. The two main saline lacustrine source rocks, Lower Cretaceous Guyang Formation and Oligocene Linhe Formation, are characterized by high sulfur content, rich algae, early maturity, early expulsion, and wide oil generation window. The large structural transition belt in the intermountain area around the Hetao Basin controls the formation of large-scale braided river delta deposits, which are characterized by high quartz content(50%-76%), long-term shallow burial and weak compaction, low cement content, and good reservoir properties in delta front sandbody. The burial depth of the effective Paleogene reservoirs is predicted to reach 8000 m. Three hydrocarbon accumulation models, nose-uplift near sag, buried hill surrounding sag, fault nose near source rock, are constructed. The law of hydrocarbon accumulation in the Linhe Depression is finally clarified as follows: near-source around the depression is the foundation, high-quality thick reservoir is the premise, good tectonic setting and trap conditions are the key.

关键词： Hetao Basin Linhe Depression Cretaceous Guyang Formation Paleogene Linhe Formation Jilantai Oilfield Bayan Oilfield hydrocarbon enrichment law

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Automatic fracture–vug identification and extraction from electric imaging logging data based on path morphology

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Petroleum Science 2019年第1期16卷 58-76页

作者： Xi-Ning Li Jin-Song Shen Wu-Yang Yang Zhen-Ling Li State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Resources and Prospecting China University of Petroleum cnpc Key Laboratory of Geophysical Prospecting China University of Petroleum North-west Division of Exploration and Production research institute CNPC Huabei Division of China Petroleum logging Corporation

We present a path morphology method to separate total rock pore space into matrix, fractures and vugs and derive their pore structure spectrum. Thus, we can achieve fine pore evaluation in fracture–vug reservoirs based on electric imaging logging data. We automatically identify and extract fracture–vug information from the electric imaging images by adopting a path morphological operator that remains flexible enough to fit rectilinear and slightly curved structures because they are independent of the structuring element shape. The Otsu method was used to extract fracture–vug information from the background noise caused by the matrix. To accommodate the differences in scale and form of the different target regions,including fracture and vug path, operators with different lengths were selected for their recognition and extraction at the corresponding scale. Polynomial and elliptic functions are used to fit the extracted fractures and vugs, respectively, and the fracture–vug parameters are deduced from the fitted edge. Finally, test examples of numerical simulation data and several measured well data have been provided for the verification of the effectiveness and adaptability of the path morphology method in the application of electric imaging logging data processing. This also provides algorithm support for the fine evaluation of fracture–vug reservoirs.

关键词： Path morphology Image automatic identification Electric imaging logging Fracture–vug reservoir

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Temporal variations in geochemistry of hydraulic fracturing fluid and flowback water in a tight oil reservoir

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Petroleum Science 2023年第5期20卷 3013-3021页

作者： Jie Tian Liang Wang Li-Pin Ni Li-Wei Mou Shu-Te Su Mehdi Ostadhassan College of Energy Chengdu University of TechnologyChengdu610059SichuanChina Geological research institute CNPC LoggingXi'an710000ShaanxiChina Exploration and Development research institute Xinjiang Oilfield BranchPetroChinaKaramay834000XinjiangChina institute of Geosciences Marine and Land Geomechanics and GeotectonicsChristian-Albrechts Universit€atKiel24118Germany

Hydraulic fracturing facilitates the development and exploitation of unconventional *** this study,the injected hydraulic fracturing fluid(HFF)and flowback and produced water(FPW)in tight oil reservoirs of the Lucaogou Formation in the Junggar Basin are temporally sampled from day 1 to day *** is used for fracturing,and HFF is *** chemical and isotopic parameters(including the water type,total salinity,total dissolved solids(TDS),pH,concentrations of Na^(+),Cl^(-),Ba^(+),K^(+),Fe^(2+)+Fe^(3+),and CO_(3)^(2-),dD,and δ^(18)O)are experimentally obtained,and their variations with time are systematically analyzed based on the flowback *** results show that the water type,Na/Cl ratio,total salinity,and TDS of the FPW change periodically primarily due to the HFF mixing with formation water,thus causing δD and δ^(18)O to deviate from the meteoric water line of *** of watererock interaction(WRI),the concentrations of Fe^(2+)+Fe^(3+)and CO_(3)^(2-)of the FPW increase over time,with the solution pH becoming more ***,based on the significant changes observed in the geochemistry of the FPW,three separate time intervals of flowback time are identified:Stage Ⅰ(37 days),where the FPW is dominated by the chemistry of the formation *** methodology implemented in this study can provide critical support for the source identification of formation water.

关键词： Tight oil reservoirs Isotope Flowback and produced water(FPW) Inorganic ions Hydraulic fracturing fluid(HFF)

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