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Evaluation of two methods of estrus synchronization of cattle in Chad

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Open Journal of Animal Sciences 2014年第1期4卷 13-17页

作者： Vounparet Zeuh Mopate Logtene Youssouf Nadjilem Dingamtar Djonret Dezoumbe Faculty of Exact and Applied Sciences University of N’Djamena N’Djamena Chad livestock polytechnic institute of moussoro Moussoro Chad Zootechnical and Veterinary Research Laboratory N’Djamena Chad

The results of an artificial insemination experiment carried out in the suburban area of N’Djamena are here reported. Two methods of synchronization (Norgestomet combination/estradiol/PGF2a/PMSG and PGF2a only) were used with Chadian zebu and crossed breeds in 2007 and 2008. Females were inseminated after induction of estrus with semen of French Normand breed. The fertility rate was low with PGF2a (29.41%). The results obtained with the combination of several hormones were better (66.66%). The survival rates of crossbreeds were particularly low, 40% in 2007 and 33.33% in 2008, mainly due to the traditional management of the herd and the lack of technical support. The insemination cost of a cow was 39,550 F CFA in 2007 with PGF2a and 59,200 F CFA in 2008 with the method consisting of combining of four hormones. The cost of producing a calf in those two years was very high, 134,470 F CFA in 2007 and 118,400 F CFA in 2008.

关键词： Cattle Estrus Synchronization Pregnancy Cost Chad

Diversity and Origin of Indigenous Village Chickens (<i>Gallus gallus</i>) from Chad, Central Africa

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Advances in Bioscience and Biotechnology 2015年第9期6卷 592-600页

作者： Khadidja Hassaballah Vounparet Zeuh Raman A. Lawal Olivier Hanotte Mbacké Sembene Department of Biology Faculty of Exact and Applied Sciences University of N’Djamena N’Djamena Chad livestock polytechnic institute of moussoro Moussoro Chad School of Life Sciences The University of Nottingham University Park Nottingham UK Department of Animal Biology Faculty of Sciences and Techniques Cheikh Anta Diop University of Dakar Dakar Senegal

In this study we assess the maternal genetic diversity and origin of indigenous village chickens from Chad complementing previous phenotypic and biometric measurements studies. We analysed a 387 bp fragment of the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) D-loop region of 181 village chickens from three populations of western Chad (Lake Chad/Hadjer Lamis), central Chad (Guera) and south-west Chad (Pala) and at different poultry markets in N'Djamena. Twenty-five polymorphic sites and 20 haplotypes are identified. Phylogenetic and network analyses group all chicken into a single mtDNA haplogroup D. Comparison with reference sequences shows that this haplogroup is the commonest one observed in chicken and it supports the Indian subcontinent as the maternal center of origin for the village chicken in Chad. Little genetic variation was found within and between populations which is in agreement with a recent and a maternal founding effect for the chicken in the country.

关键词： mtDNA D-Loop Genetic Variation Origin Village Chickens Chad

The application of antimicrobial peptides as growth and health promoters for swine

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2016年第1期7卷 20-25页

作者： Hao Xiao Fangyuan Shao Miaomiao Wu Wenkai Ren Xia Xiong Bie Tan Yulong Yin Observation and Experiment Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South-Central China Ministry of AgricultureHunan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Healthy Livestock and Poultry ProductionKey Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical RegionInstitute of Subtropical AgricultureChinese Academy of Sciences University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences Department of Microbiology Molecular Geneticsand ImmunologyUniversity of Kansas Medical Center Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Animal Nutrition and Feed Safety Wuhan Polytechnic University

With the widespread ban on the use of antibiotics in swine feed, alternative measures need to be sought to maintain swine health and performance, Antimicrobial peptides （AMPs） are part of the nonspecific defense system and are natural antibiotics produced by plants, insects, mammalians, and micro-organisms as well as by chemical synthesis. Due to their broad microbicidal activity against various fungi, bacteria and enveloped viruses AMPs are a potential alternative to conventional antibiotics for use in swine production. This review focuses on the structure and mechanism of action of AMPs, as well as their effects on performance, immune function and intestinal health in pigs. The aim is to provide support for the application of AMPs as feed additives replacing antibiotics in swine nutrition.

关键词： Antimicrobial peptides Antibiotics Applications Swine

Molecular cloning, characterization and expression of the energy homeostasis-associated gene in piglet

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Journal of Zhejiang University-Science B(Biomedicine & Biotechnology) 2015年第6期16卷 524-532页

作者： Sheng-ping WANG Yun-ling GAO Gang LIU Dun DENG Rong-jun CHEN Yu-zhe ZHANG Li-li LI Qing-qi WEN Yong-qing HOU Ze-meng FENG Zhao-hui GUO Research Center of Healthy Breeding livestock & Poultry Hunan Engineering & Research Center of Animal & Poultry ScienceKey Lab Agro-ecology Processing Subtropical RegionScientific Observational and Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South-CentralMinistry of AgricultureInstitute of Subtropical AgricultureChinese Academy of Sciences Hunan institute of Microbiology Rice Research institute of Sichuan Agricultural University Fujian Aonong Biotechnology Corporation Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Animal Nutrition and Feed Safety Wuhan Polytechnic University

The energy homeostasis-associated（Enho） gene encodes a secreted protein, adropin, which regulates the expression of hepatic lipogenic genes and adipose tissue peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ, a major regulator of lipogenesis. In the present study, the porcine（Sus scrofa） homologue of the Enho gene, which was named p Enho, was amplified by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction（RT-PCR） using oligonucleotide primers derived from in silico sequences. The gene sequence was submitted into the Gen Bank of NCBI, and the access number is GQ414763. The p Enho encodes a protein of 76 amino acids which shows 75% similarity to Homo sapiens adropin. The expression profile of p Enho in tissues（liver, muscle, anterior jejunum, posterior jejunum, and ileum） was determined by quantitative real-time RT-PCR. p Enho was localized on porcine chromosome 10 and no introns were found. In conclusion, p Enho was cloned and analysed with the aim of increasing knowledge about glucose and lipid metabolism in piglets and helping to promote the health and growth of piglets through adropin regulation.

关键词： Adropin Energy homeostasis-associated(Enho) gene Gene coloning Piglets RT-PCR

Interactions between soil conservation and dryland farming of heterogeneously eroding areas in Loess Hills,China

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International Soil and Water Conservation Research 2022年第4期10卷 574-585页

作者： Boyang Sui Xiaohu Dang Liangxin Fan Bo Guo Wei Bi Guobin Liu College of Geology and Environment Xi'an University of Science and TechnologyXi'an710054China College of Geomatics and Land Information Engineering Henan Polytechnic UniversityJiaozuo454000China College of Geomatics Xi'an University of Science and TechnologyXi'an710054China institute of Soil and Water Conservation Chinese Academy of Science and Ministry of Water ResourcesYangling712100China

The unidirectional impacts of soil conservation on dryland farming and local livelihood have been well ***,there are gaps in literature regarding the interactions among factors,such as labor force and financial capital,in response to soil conservation,as well as the influence of such interactions on the relationships between environmental projects and agricultural *** combining the Chinese Soil Loss Equation(CSLE)model and statistical analyses,this study investigated the spatiotemporal characteristics of soil erosion while also identifying the controlling factors that affect crop and livestock *** aim was to reveal how these factors interacted to influence agriculture in two case study areas between 2000 and *** results showed that soil erosion substantially declined as a consequence of soil conservation,while the output from crop farming increased,indicating that there was a synergy between soil conservation and dryland farming in both the districts,over time;and factors facilitating crop farming,such as labor force,agricultural machinery,and irrigation,appeared to exert an adverse effect on livestock farming in both areas,implying a tradeoff between livestock and crop farming in the context of programs such as the Grain for Green Program(GGP)in the Loess *** a tradeoff is a result of the competition for cropland and labor that exists due to grazing prohibition and rural-urban ***,policy-related resolutions are required to address the land use conflicts and migration-related rural labor losing due to implementation of the GGP in the Loess Hills.

关键词： Heterogeneous erosion environment Soil conservation Dryland farming Tradeoff/synergy of conservation and agriculture Loess hills

Potentials and Constraints of Small-Scale livestock Productions in Cambodia

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World Journal of Engineering and Technology 2017年第2期5卷 15-22页

作者： Siek Darith Shiwei Xu Wen Yu Ahmed Abdul-Gafar Sa Kennvidy Ou Ratanak Eric Mukeba Mbala Agricultural Information institute Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Beijing China Regional polytechnic institute TechoSen Battambang Ministry of Labor and Vocational Training Battambang Cambodia Graduate School of Agricultural Science Royal University of Agriculture Phnom Penh Cambodia

livestock husbandry plays a very important role in rural areas of Cambodia. Farmers mostly have complained about the declining revenue from livestock production which supports their livelihood. Therefore, the study aimed at investigating the potentials and constraints of smallholder livestock productions in Battambang province. Primary and secondary data were collected to meet the objectives. Data were collected interviewing 204 households. Some of the advantages of the Cambodia livestock subsector are the increasing market demand: increasing domestic market for livestock and increasing demand from neighboring countries (especially cattle);the rich source of manure and other agricultural input such as transportation means, ploughing etc. More so, there is high expectation of the farmers experiencing increase in production since more supports are provided by both governmental and non-governmental organizations. On the other hand, the subsector witnesses some constraints including the low level of education of the livestock farmers, erratic market prices as a result of too many middlemen, local breed with low productivity and traditional management system still dominates the sub- sector. Scarcity of abled labor and seasonal cost is also one of the factors impeding the subsector to reaching it potential. This study suggests that to reach full potential in the livestock sector of Battambang of Cambodia, the government needs to address the infrastructural problems and private sector needs to be encouraged to invest in the sector in livestock input industries.

关键词： Potential Constraints livestock Production Battambang Cambodia

Amino acids and mammary gland development:nutritional implications for milk production and neonatal growth

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2016年第4期7卷 437-458页

作者： Reza Rezaei Zhenlong Wu Yongqing Hou Fuller W.Bazer Guoyao Wu Department of Animal Science Texas A&M University State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition China Agricultural University Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritionand Feed Science Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for AnimalNutrition and Feed SafetyWuhan Polytechnic University

Milk is synthesized by mammary epithelial cells of lactating mammals. The synthetic capacity of the mammary gland depends largely on the number and efficiency of functional mammary epithelial cells. Structural development of the mammary gland occurs during fetal growth, prepubertal and post-pubertal periods, pregnancy, and lactation under the control of various hormones （particularly estrogen, growth hormone, insulin-like growth factor-I, progesterone, placental lactogen, and prolactin） in a species- and stage-dependent manner. Milk is essential for the growth, development, and health of neonates. Amino acids （AA）, present in both free and peptide-bound forms, are the most abundant organic nutrients in the milk of farm animals. Uptake of AA from the arterial blood of the lactating dam is the ultimate source of proteins （primarily 13-casein and a-lactalbumin） and bioactive nitrogenous metabolites in milk. Results of recent studies indicate extensive catabolism of branched-chain AA （leucine, isoleucine and valine） and arginine to synthesize glutamate, glutamine, alanine, aspartate, asparagine, proline, and polyamines. The formation of polypeptides from AA is regulated not only by hormones （e.g., prolactin, insulin and glucocorticoids） and the rate of blood flow across the lactating mammary gland, but also by concentrations of AA, lipids, glucose, vitamins and minerals in the maternal plasma, as well as the activation of the mechanistic （mammalian） target rapamycin signaling by certain AA （e.g., arginine, branched-chain AA, and glutamine）. Knowledge of AA utilization （including metabolism） by mammary epithelial cells will enhance our fundamental understanding of lactation biology and has important implications for improving the efficiency of livestock production worldwide.

关键词： Development Health livestock Mammary gland Milk Neonates Production Sows

Soil and Phytosociological Characterisation of Grasslands in the Western Mediterranean

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American Journal of Plant Sciences 2014年第21期5卷 3213-3240页

作者： A. Cano-Ortiz E. Bioindi C. J. Pinto Gomes S. Del Río González E. Cano Department of Interra Sustainability Resources Engineering and SL Spain Square Salamanca Spain Department of Environmental Sciences and Crop Production Polytechnic University of Marche Ancona Italy Department of Landscape Environment and Planning/Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences Mediterranean (ICAAM) University of évora (Portugal) Rua Rom&atildeo Ramalho Portugal Department of Biodiversity and Environmental Management (Department of Botany) Livestock Mountain Institute (CSIC-ULE Joint Center) School of Bio-logical and Environmental Sciences University of León Vegazana Campus León Spain Department of Animal Biology Plant and Ecology Botany University of Jaén Jaén Spain

A study was made of grasslands in olive groves with a high frequency of Hordeum leporinum Link, Chrysanthemum coronarium L., Malva neglecta Wallr., Aegilops geniculata Roth and Dasypyrum villosum (L.) Borbas, initially included in the alliance Hordeion leporini Br.-Bl. in Br.-Bl., Gajewski, Wraber & Walas 1936 corr. O. Bolós 1962, and sub-alliance Malvenion neglectae Gutte 1966. The study was carried out in the western Mediterranean (Spain, Italy, Portugal and northern Morocco). The soil and phytosociological treatment of the samples contributes information for new plant communities. In the study of plant communities, the indices of degree of presence are adapted to those of Van der Maarel. The new alliance Securigero securidacae-Dasypyrion villosi is proposed for the sub-Mediterranean and Euro-Siberian territories, with the new communities Securigero securidacae-Dasypyretum villosi and Convolvulo elegantissimi-Aegilopetum geniculatae. This last community, due to its richness in Aegilops geniculata Roth, could be included in the alliance Taeniathero-Aegilopion geniculatae Rivas-Martínez & Izco 1977;however, the soil and statistical analyses reveal that it should remain part of the alliance Securigero securidacae-Dasypyrion villosi. The soil and floristic study of Hordeion leporini and Malvenion neglectae allows us to describe the new sub-alliance Resedo albae-Chrysanthemenion coronarii, subordinated to Malvion neglectae (Gutte 1966) status novo.

关键词： Soil Grassland Community Association

高寒小嵩草草甸可能成为青藏高原相同地理和气候单元下多种类型草地的偏途演替状态

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Journal of Plant Ecology 2023年第5期16卷 58-72页

作者： Li Lin Guangmin Cao Xingliang Xu Fawei Zhang Junjie Huang Bo Fan Bencuo Li Yikang Li Qinghai Haibei National Field Research Station of Alpine Grassland Ecosystem and Key Laboratory of Adaptation and Evolution of Plateau Biota Northwest Institute of Plateau BiologyChinese Academy of SciencesXining 810008China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 130028China School of Mechanical and Power Engineering Henan Polytechnic UniversityJiaozuo 454000China

高寒嵩草(Kobresia)草甸是青藏高原冬春放牧草场的主体,在放牧强度分异的条件下可以形成特征迥异的稳态。然而,目前还不清楚在不同放牧强度下其他类型草地是否可以演替成为这些稳态。本研究通过土壤剖面特征推断其历史植物群落特征,以... 详细信息

高寒嵩草(Kobresia)草甸是青藏高原冬春放牧草场的主体,在放牧强度分异的条件下可以形成特征迥异的稳态。然而,目前还不清楚在不同放牧强度下其他类型草地是否可以演替成为这些稳态。本研究通过土壤剖面特征推断其历史植物群落特征,以植物群落现场调查确定其现实植物群落特征,以非结构式问卷调查确定草地放牧强度,采用多元回归树模型分析导致草地稳态转化的节点。研究结果表明,高寒灌丛草甸和旱化沼泽草甸在过度放牧条件下均可转化成为高寒矮嵩草(***)草甸和高寒小嵩草(***)草甸,从而使高寒灌丛草甸和旱化沼泽化草甸进入高寒矮嵩草草甸退化演替序列,最终转化成为黑土滩-杂类草次生裸地。以放牧强度为分节点,最多可以将这些植物群落划分为4类稳态,各稳态转化的节点依次为11.0、8.0、5.5羊/ha。所有研究草地总体表现为随放牧强度的增高地上总生物量呈下降趋势。其中,11.0羊/ha是草地转化成为黑土滩杂类草次生裸地的节点。放牧强度改变可以影响植物群落特征及其演替方向,进而改变草地的畜牧生产服务能力,因此放牧强度可以作为反映牧场畜牧生产服务能力的表观指标。未来牧场的可持续发展策略应以草畜平衡为主,合理控制放牧强度,增加草地生产附加值和延伸畜牧业产业链以实现区域草场生态和生产效益的双赢。

关键词：植物群落演替土壤剖面特征区域可持续发展生态系统稳定性状态转化