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Antibacterial activity of lemongrass(Cymbopogon citratus) oil against some selected pathogenic bacterias

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine 2010年第7期3卷 535-538页

作者： Mohd Irfan Naik Bashir Ahmad Fomda Ebenezar Jaykumar Javid Ahmad Bhat Allahabad Agricultural Institute-Deemed University Allahabad(UP) India Sher-I-Kashmir institute Of Medical sciences Srinagar J&K India

Objective:To find the effectiveness of essential oil of lemongrass for the treatment of pathogenic ***:Lemongrass oil was investigated for activity against Staphylococcus aureus (***),Bacillus cereus(***),Bacillus subtilis(***),Escherichia coli(***), Klebsiella pneumoniae(***) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa(***),using Agar Diffusion Method and Broth Dilution *** inhibitory concentration(MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration(MBC) were determined by the Broth Dilution Method. The antibiotic susceptibility test against the test organisms was performed by Disc Diffusion ***:Lemongrass was found effective against all the test organisms except P. *** positive organisms were found more sensitive to lemon grass oil as compared to gram negative *** test organisms were found inhibited by Lemon grass oil at lower concentrations in Broth Dilution Method as compared to Agar Diffusion ***: The tested organisms,particularly gram-negative organisms had shown high resistance towards different antibiotics whereas they were found to be inhibited by lemongrass oil even at lower *** lemongrass oil is effective against drug resistant *** can be suggested that use of lemongrass oil would be helpful in the treatment of infections caused by multidrug resistant organisms.

关键词： Antibacterial activity Lemongrass oil Bacteria

Substantial transition to clean household energy mix in rural China

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National science Review 2022年第7期9卷 137-151页

作者： Guofeng Shen Rui Xiong Yanlin Tian Zhihan Luo Bahabaike Jiangtulu Wenjun Meng Wei Du Jing Meng Yuanchen Chen Bing Xue Bin Wang Yonghong Duan Jia Duo Fenggui Fan Lei Huang Tianzhen Ju Fenggui Liu Shunxin Li Xianli Liu Yungui Li Mu Wang Ying Nan Bo Pan Yanfang Pan Lizhi Wang Eddy Zeng Chao Zhan Yilin Chen Huizhong Shen Hefa Cheng Shu Tao College of Urban and Environmental sciences Peking University Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control (AEMPC)Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology institute of Reproductive and Child Health Peking University Laboratory of Geographic Information science School of Geographic Sciences East China Normal University The Bartlett School of Sustainable Construction University College London College of Environment Zhejiang University of Technology institute of Applied Ecology Chinese Academy of Sciences Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics School of Public Health Peking University College of Resources and Environment Shanxi Agricultural University Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Bioremediation Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography Chinese Academy of Sciences National Engineering Technology Research Center for Desert-Oasis Ecological Construction Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography Chinese Academy of Sciences University of Chinese Academy of sciences School of Geography and Tourism Anhui University School of Environment Nanjing University College of Geography and Environmental science Northwest Normal University College of Geographical science Qinghai Normal University Academy of Plateau science and Sustainability College of Chemistry Chemical Engineering and Environment Minnan Normal University School of Environmental science and Engineering Hubei Polytechnic University Department of Environmental Engineering Southwest University of Science and Technology College of Food science Tibet Agricultural and Animal Husbandry University College of Geography and Ocean sciences Yanbian University Faculty of Environmental science and Engineering Kunming University of Science and Technology College of Geography and Environmental science Henan University College of Ecology and Environment Hainan University School of Environment Ji

The household energy mix has significant impacts on human health and climate,as it contributes greatly to many health-and climate-relevant air *** to the well-established urban energy statistical system,the rural hous ehold energy statistical system is incomplete and is often associated with high *** a nationwide investigation,this study reve aled high contributions to energy supply from coal and biomass fuels in the rural household energy sector,while electricity comprised ～20%.Stacking(the use of multiple sources of energy) is significant,and the average number of energy types was 2.8 per *** to 2012,the consumption of biomass and coals in 2017 decreased by 45% and 12%,respectively,while the gas consumption amount increased by 204%.Increased gas and decreased coal consumptions were mainly in cooking,while decreased biomass was in both cooking(41%) and heating(59%).The time-sharing fraction of electricity and gases(E&G) for daily cooking grew,reaching 69% in 2017,but for space heating,traditional solid fuels were still dominant,with the national average shared fraction of E&G being only 20%.The non-uniform spatial distribution and the non-linear increase in the fraction of E&G indicated challenges to achieving universal access to modern cooking energy by 2030,particularly in less-developed rural and mountainous *** some non-typical heating zones,the increased share of E&G for heating was significant and largely driven by income growth,but in typical heating zones,the time-sharing fraction was <5 % and was not significantly increased,except in areas with policy *** intervention policy not only led to dramatic increases in the clean energy fraction for heating but also accelerated the clean cooking *** income,higher education,younger age,less energy/stove stacking and smaller family size positively impacted the clean energy transition.

关键词： household energy mix energy transition clean heating modern energy sustainable development

Complex coacervation microcapsules by tannic acid crosslinking prolong the antifungal activity of cinnamaldehyde against Aspergillus brasiliensis

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Food Bioscience 2022年第3期47卷 776-784页

作者： Wenyi Chen Shuqin Xia Chaogeng Xiao institute of Food science Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural SciencesHangzhou310021China State Key Laboratory of Food science and Technology Jiangnan University1800 Lihu RoadWuxiJiangsu214122China School of Food science and Technology Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality ControlJiangnan University1800 Lihu RoadWuxiJiangsu214122China

The antifungal activity and encapsulation properties of cinnamaldehyde-loaded microcapsules by tannic acid were *** results showed that cinnamaldehyde exhibited a high in vitro antifungal effect against Aspergillus brasiliensis through altering the morphology of the hyphae,and its inhibition zone diameter(IZD)exceeded 15 mm with a minimum inhibitory concentration of 1.0 mg/***-loaded microcapsules crosslinked with tannic acid have a high encapsulation efficiency(92.53±5.20%)and antifungal activity(37.82±0.63 mm),and the retention rate was 2.5 times of that of unencapsulated cinnamaldehyde after 30-d storage at 37℃.Furthermore,the antifungal stability was enhanced(IZD 25.37 mm)after 60-d storage at 37℃ as compared with that of cinnamaldehyde(IZD 22.07 mm).The results of cell membrane integrity and the extracellular protein content also indicated that the microencapsulation could effectively protect cinnamaldehyde,delay the decrease of antifungal effect and improve its long-term antifungal activity against *** by increasing the retention rate of cinnamaldehyde after storage.

关键词： Cinnamaldehyde Microcapsules Tannic acid Antifungal stability Antifungal mechanisms

Spatial distribution patterns of Symplocos congeners in a subtropical evergreen broad-leaf forest of southern China

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Journal of Forestry Research 2018年第3期29卷 765-776页

作者： Xiuqing Yang Haibing Yan Buhang Li Youzhi Han Bo Song College of Forestry Shanxi Agricultural University SYSU-Alberta Joint Lab for Biodiversity Conservation State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol School of Life Sciences Sun Yat-sen University Belle W. Baruch institute of Coastal Ecology and Forest science Clemson University

Studies on spatial distribution of congeneric species can supplement our understanding of species ecological processes. We analyzed population structure, spatial distribution, intra-and interspecific associations among six Symplocos tree species on a large(50 ha) plot in a subtropical, evergreen broad-leaf forest in southern China using spatial point pattern analysis methods. Our results suggested that the six Symplocos tree species were all clustered at small scales. The aggregation intensity of S. wikstroemiifolia with low abundance but relatively numerous large-diameter trees was much higher than that of the other five Symplocos species that occurred at high abundance but included few large-diameter trees. Spatial associations among the six congeners showed that 12 of 30 pairs were associated positively at small scales, and 13 of 30 pairs were unrelated. For species among different size classes, 79 of 120 pairs were not correlated, and 17 of 120 pairs were associated positively. These results showed insufficient evidence for interspecific competition and congeneric Symplocos species commonly coexist within subtropical plant communities. The spatial patterns of Symplocos species and their correlations changed with size(DBH) class and were simultaneously affected by spatial scales; the intensity of their aggregation and association decreased with increasing area of the sample plot.

关键词： Population structure Spatial patterns Spatial associations Symplocos

Development and Application of Prime Editing in Plants

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Rice science 2023年第6期30卷 509-522页

作者： LIU Tingting ZOU Jinpeng YANG Xi WANG Kejian RAO Yuchun WANG Chun State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Breeding China National Rice Research InstituteHangzhou 310006China College of Life science and Technology Huazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhan 430070China College of Life sciences Zhejiang Normal UniversityJinhua 321004China

Clustered regularly interspaced palindromic repeats(CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated protein(Cas)-mediated genome editing has greatly accelerated progress in plant genetic research and agricultural breeding by enabling targeted genomic ***,the prime editing system,derived from the CRISPR/Cas system,has opened the door for even more precise genome *** editing has the capability to facilitate all 12 types of base-to-base conversions,as well as desired insertions or deletions of fragments,without inducing double-strand breaks and requiring donor DNA *** a short time,prime editing has been rapidly verified as functional in various plants,and can be used in plant genome functional analysis as well as precision breeding of *** this review,we summarize the emergence and development of prime editing,highlight recent advances in improving its efficiency in plants,introduce the current applications of prime editing in plants,and look forward to future prospects for utilizing prime editing in genetic improvement and precision molecular breeding.

关键词： prime editing CRISPR/Cas precision genome editing crop breeding

A high-fat diet increases body fat mass and up-regulates expression of genes related to adipogenesis and inflammation in a genetically lean pig

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Journal of Zhejiang University-science B(Biomedicine & Biotechnology) 2018年第11期19卷 884-894页

作者： Xue-fen YANG Yue-qin QIU Li WANG Kai-guo GAO Zong-yong JIANG Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed (South China) Ministry of Agriculture / State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding/Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition/Guangdong Public Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition/Institute of Animal Science Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences

Because of their physiological similarity to humans, pigs provide an excellent model for the study of obesity. This study evaluated diet-induced adiposity in genetically lean pigs and found that body weight and energy intake did not differ between controls and pigs fed the high-fat （HF） diet for three months. However, fat mass percentage, adi- pocyte size, concentrations of total cholesterol （TC）, triglyceride （TG）, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol （HDL-C） and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol （LDL-C）, insulin, and leptin in plasma were significantly higher in HF pigs than in controls. The HF diet increased the expression in backfat tissue of genes responsible for cholesterol synthesis such as Insig-1 and Insig-2. Lipid metabolism-related genes including sterol regulatory element binding protein lc （SREBP-lc）, fatty acid synthase 1 （FASN1）, diacylglycerol O-acyltransferase 2 （DGAT2）, and fatty acid binding protein 4 （FABP4） were significantly up-regulated in backfat tissue, while the expression of proliferator-activated receptor-α（PPAR-α） and carnitine palmitoyl transferase 2 （CPT2）, both involved in fatty acid oxidation, was reduced. In liver tissue, HF feeding significantly elevated the expression of SREBP-lc, FASN1, DGAT2, and hepatocyte nuclear factor-4α （HNF-4α） mRNAs. Microarray analysis further showed that the HF diet had a significant effect on the expression of 576 genes. Among these, 108 genes were related to 21 pathways, with 20 genes involved in adiposity deposition and 26 related to immune response. Our results suggest that an HF diet can induce genetically lean pigs into obesity with body fat mass expansion and adipose-related inflammation.

关键词： Genetically lean pig Diet-induced obesity High-fat diet Adiposity deposition Microarray analysis Inflammation

BmSd gene regulates the silkworm wing size by affecting the Hippo pathway

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Insect science 2020年第4期27卷 655-664页

作者： Jin Yin Jing Zhang Tao Li Xia Sun Sheng Qin Cheng-Xiang Hou Guo-Zheng Zhang Mu-Wang Li Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Biotechnology School of BiotechnologyJiangsu University of Science and TechnologyZhenjiangJiangsuChina The Key Laboratory of Silkworm and Mulberry Genetic Improvement Ministry of AgricultureThe Sericultural Research InstituteChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesZhenjiangJiangsuChina

Insect wings are developed from the wing disc during *** mori,a model lepidopteran insect,loses flight ability after long-term domestication from the wild silkworm,Bombyx *** mw mutant(ul 1 strain)shows minute wings compared to wild type(e.g.,p50 strain)*** sequencing analysis previously revealed differential Hippo-pathway-related gene expression between the ull and *** Hippo pathway is an evolutionarily conserved signaling cascade that controls organ size during development in *** this study,the function of BmSd which has been characterized as one of the Hippo-pathway-related genes was analyzed for silkworm wing *** found that mats,warts,and hippo expression levels were higher in u11 compared to p50 wing ***(scalloped)expression,which encodes a prominent transcriptional partner to Yorkie(Yki),gradually decreased during the wandering stage in ull,but exhibited the opposite expression pattern in *** BmSd was knocked down by small interfering RNA during the wandering stage in the p50 strain,57.9%of the individuals showed minute ***,ex,kibras and wingless expression levels decreased in the BmSd knockdown ***,BmSd deletion mediated by clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats(CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated protein 9 induced 50%of individuals with minute wings,a phenotype similar to the mw *** result demonstrates that BmSd plays pivotal roles in silkworm wing *** results show that the Hippo signaling pathway participates and plays crucial roles in the regulation of silkworm wing development,and our findings provide a basis for further research on *** wing development.

关键词： BmSd Bombyx mori Hippo pathway metamorphosis wing disc

The prevalence of deleterious mutations during the domestication and improvement of soybean

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The Crop Journal 2023年第2期11卷 523-530页

作者： Shichao Sun Yumin Wang He Wei David E.Hufnagel Ya Wang Shiyu Guo Yinghui Li Li Wang Li-juan Qiu Shenzhen Branch Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture/Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture/agricultural Genomics institute at Shenzhen Chinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesShenzhen 518000GuangdongChina Soybean Research institute Jilin Academy of Agricultural SciencesChangchun 130033JilinChina Henan Academy of Crops Molecular Breeding Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences/National Centre for Plant BreedingZhengzhou 450002HenanChina Virus and Prion Research Unit National Animal Disease CenterThe Agricultural Research Service(ARS)of the United States Department of Agriculture(USDA)AmesIA 50010USA The National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement(NFCRI)/Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resource and Germplasm Enhancement(MOA)/Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology(Beijing)(MOA) Institute of Crop SciencesChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijing 100081China Kunpeng institute of Modern Agriculture at Foshan Foshan 528200GuangdongChina

Soybean(Glycine max L.)is a protein and oil crop grown *** fitness may be reduced by deleterious mutations,whose identification and purging is desirable for crop *** the published whole-genome re-sequenced data of 2214 soybean accessions,including 221 wild soybean,1132 landrace cultivars and 861 improved soybean lines,we identified 115,275 deleterious single-nucleotide polymorphisms(SNPs).Numbers of deleterious alleles increased from wild soybeans to landraces and decreased from landraces to modern improved *** in selective-sweep regions showed fewer deleterious mutations than the remaining *** mutations explained 4.3%-48%more phenotypic variation than randomly selected SNPs for resistance to soybean cyst nematode race 2(SCN2),soybean cyst nematode race 3(SCN3)and soybean mosaic virus race 3(SMV3).These findings illustrate how mutation load has shifted during soybean domestication,expansion and improvement and provide candidate sites for breeding out deleterious mutations in soybean by genome editing and/or conventional breeding focused on the selection of progeny with fewer deleterious alleles.

关键词： Deleterious mutations Domestication cost Expansion load BAD_Mutations Soybean cyst nematode

Nutritional evaluation of integral cassava root silages for growing pigs

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Animal Nutrition 2016年第3期2卷 149-153页

作者： Diego D.Araújo Alessandro B.Amorim Mayra A.D.Saleh Felipe Curcelli Pedro L.Perdigón Silvio J.Bicudo Dirlei A.Berto Department of Animal Production Faculty of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine UNESP-So Paulo State University institute of agricultural sciences and Technologies Federal University of Mato Grosso Department of Crop science Faculty of Agricultural Sciences UNESP-So Paulo State University Instituto de Ciencia Animal (ICA)

The experiment aimed at determining the nutritional value of integral cassava root silages with yogurt as inoculant or wastewater(manipueira) by liquid addition ensiling process. Eighteen crossbred piglets(Large White x Landrace), castrated males with an initial average weight of 50 kg were allocated in metabolism cages throughout 11-day trial duration(6 days for animal's adaptation to the cages and to the experimental diets, and 5 days of urine and faeces collection). The experimental design was a randomized block arrangement with 3 treatments and 6 replicates: basal diet(100%); mixture composed of75% basal diet and 25% integral cassava root silage with yogurt as inoculant; a mixture composed of 75%of basal diet and 25% integral cassava root silage with wastewater. The silages with wastewater and yogurt presented the following values of apparent digestibility of dry matter 89.96% and 90.01%,apparent digestibility of crude protein of 60.67% and 66.43%, apparent digestibility of gross energy of90.43% and 91.48%, gross energy metabolizability coefficients of 87.88% and 88.93%, digestible energy values of 3,705 and 3,783 kcal/kg on a dry matter(DM) basis, and metabolizable energy values of 3,600 and 3,676 kcal/kg DM, respectively. The results have demonstrated that integral cassava root silages with wastewater or yogurt have a high nutritional value and can be used as an alternative energy source in growing pig's diets.

关键词： Alternative feed Digestibility Energy sources Ensiling Swine