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Thermodynamics and Microphysical Characteristics of an Extreme Rainfall Event Under the Influence of a Low-level Jet over the South China Coast

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Journal of Tropical meteorology 2023年第2期29卷 216-235页

作者：徐碧裕黎慧琦叶朗明刘显通饶晓娜肖辉徐加民林青蒲义良黄青兰 Jiangmen Meteorological bureau JiangmenGuangdong 529030 China Guangzhou Institute of Tropical and Marine meteorology China Meteorological AdministrationGuangzhou 510641 China China Meteorological Administration Tornado Key Laboratory Guangzhou 510641 China Xinhui Meteorological bureau JiangmenGuangdong 529100 China Guangdong Meteorological bureau Guangzhou 510080 China

In this paper,the data of Automatic Weather Stations(AWSs),ERA5 reanalysis,sounding,wind profile radar,and dual-polarization radar are used to study an extreme rainfall event in the south China Coast on 11 to 12 May 2022 from the aspects of thermodynamics and microphysical characteristics under the influence of low-level jets(LLJs).Results show that:(1)The extreme rainfall event can be divided into two stages:the first stage(S1)from 0000 to 0600 LST on May 12 and the second stage(S2)from 0700 to 1700 LST on the same *** S1,the rainfall is mainly caused by the upper-level shortwave trough and the boundary layer jet(BLJ),characterized by strong upward motion on the windward side of *** S2,the combined influence of the BLJ and synoptic-system-related low-level jet(SLLJ)increases the vertical wind shear and vertical vorticity,strengthening the *** combination with the effect of topography,a warm and humid southwest flow continuously transports water vapor to farther north,resulting in a significant increase in rainfall over the study area(on the terrain’s windward slope).From S1 to S2,the altitude of a divergence center in the upper air decreases obviously.(2)The rainfalls in the two stages are both associated with the mesoscale convergence line(MCL)on the surface,and the wind field from the mesoscale outflow boundary(MOB)in S1 is in the same direction as the environmental *** to a small area of convergence that is left behind the MOB,convection moves eastward quickly and causes a short duration of heavy *** S2,the convergence along the MOB is enhanced,which strengthens the rainfall and leads to strong outflows,further enhancing the surface convergence near the MOB and forming a positive feedback *** results in a slow motion of convection and a long duration of heavy rainfall.(3)In terms of microphysics,the center of a strong echo in S1 is higher than in *** warm-rain process of the oceanic type characterizes both stage

关键词： low-level jet thermodynamics microphysics heavy rain south China coast

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3D MODEL STUDY ON FOG OVER COMPLEX TERRAIN—PART Ⅱ:NUMERICAL EXPERIMENT

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Acta meteorologica Sinica 1997年第1期11卷 88-94页

作者：李子华石春娥陆韬实 Nanjing Institute of meteorology Nanjing 210044 Liaoning bureau of meteorology Shenyang 110001

A series of numerical sensitivity experiments on Chongqing fog are made using the 3D fog model over complex *** factors affecting Chongqing fog are studied.

关键词： Chongqing fog complex terrain numerical experiment

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SPATIO-TEMPORAL VARIATION OF SEASONAL EXTREME WET DAYS IN CHINA AND ITS RELATIONSHIP WITH SST ANOMALIES

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Journal of Tropical meteorology 2012年第4期18卷 485-493页

作者：汪卫平杨修群谢益军邹用昌房佳蓓谢倩 Institute for Climate and Global Change Research School of Atmospheric SciencesNanjing University Hunan Meteorological bureau Institute of meteorology PLA University of Science and Technology

With daily precipitation records at 586 stations in China for 1960-2004, this study investigates the spatio-temporal variation of the number of extreme wet days (NEWD) for each season in China and its relationship with SST anomalies and associated atmospheric circulation anomaly patterns, in which a threshold of extreme precipitation for a season and a station is defined as the value of the 90th percentile when the precipitation records for wet days during the season are ranked in an increasing order. Results show that there are significant increases of the NEWD along the Yangtze River valley during winter and summer, in North China during winter, in South China during spring, in Northeast China during winter and spring, and in Northwest China throughout the seasons, while there is a remarkable decrease in North China during summer. Besides the linear trend, the NEWD also exhibits considerable interannual and interdecadal variabilities. After eliminating the linear trend, the NEWD anomalies show distinct seasonal patterns. The NEWD anomalies are characterized by a "dipole" mode with opposite phases between northern and southern China in spring and autumn, a "tri-pole" mode with opposite phases between Yangtze River valley and southern and northern China in summer, and a "monopole" mode with the same phase over most of China in winter. The relationship of the NEWD anomalies in China with the SST anomalies in Indian and Pacific Oceans is found to be mainly dependent on the ENSO, and associated atmospheric circulation anomaly patterns for the ENSO's impact on the NEWD in China are identified.

关键词： extreme precipitation number of extreme wet days SST anomaly ENSO

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TROPICAL CYCLONE WIND FIELD DETERMINATION:CHALLENGES AND POSSIBILITIES

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Tropical Cyclone Research and Review 2012年第1期1卷 87-95页

作者： PETER OTTO Tropical Cyclone Warning Center Bureau of Meteorology

The difficulties encountered in trying to determine the intensity of any landfalling tropical cyclone are reviewed. These difficulties are then related to the complexities observed during the landfall of Severe Tropical Cyclone Larry(2006), and possible wind speed sampling deficiencies and biases are considered for that event. Recent and expected advances in knowledge of storm structure and wind speed estimation methods suggest a need for increased documentation requirements, so that the various assumptions employed in estimating landfall intensity can subsequently be improved upon. Increases in documentary requirements may also improve the error bound determination of intensity estimates of individual events, and thus ultimately the climate record as well.

关键词： tropical cyclone wind field challenges

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ASIA-PACIFIC WINTER LFO STRUCTURE AND LOWFREQUENCY VORTEX ACTIVITY FEATURES

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Acta meteorologica Sinica 1994年第4期8卷 431-439页

作者：何金海徐建军张永新 Nanjing Institute of meteorology Qinghai Meteorological bureau

Based on the winter 1984/ 1985 ECMWF grid point data subjected to the 30-60 day band-pass filtering and composite analysis,a study is undertaken of the LFO (low-frequency oscillation) structure in the eastern Asian westerly jet entrance and exit regions and the Asia-Pacific low-frequency vortex activity *** show that zonal wind oscillations on both sides of the jet core are in anti-phase,in close relation to the E-W displacement of the core. Ranging in NW-SE direction is a low-frequency vortex train (LFVT) emanating from Ural via central Asia to East Asia.A low-frequency vortex of Ural origin,when reaching around 50,80,is split into two parts,one travelling eastward and the other southward,and finally they arc connected cyclonically or anticyclonically at low latitudes,form- ing a vigorous low frequency cyclone or anticyclone in the eastern part of China mainland,completing a full cycle of the ***,observed in the central Pacific are a meridional LFVT and a cyclone/anticyclone couplet looping in a counterclockwise sense,giving rise to the LFVT phase shift over this region.

关键词： low-frequency vortex train vortex activity vortex pair Asia-Pacific

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Response of Plant Climatic Productivity to the Warming and Drying Trend in Huanren in the Past 58 Years

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Meteorological and Environmental Research 2014年第3期5卷 26-28,31页

作者： Zhao Lei Lin Shuang Wu Yingjie Li Zhijing Ji Qi Huanren County bureau of meteorology Meteorological bureau of Benxi City

[Objective]The research aimed to study the response of plant climatic productivity to warming and drying tendency in Huanren in the past 58 years.[Method]Based on the temperature and precipitation data in Huanren from 1953 to 2010,using trend analysis,Thornthwaite Memorial model and Mann-Kendall detection method,change characteristics of climate and plant climatic productivity in Huanren were analyzed,and the regression evaluation model between plant climatic productivity and temperature and precipitation was established.[Result]Annual average temperature in Huanren presented a significant upward trend,and its linear tendency rate was 0.29℃/10 a;annual precipitation presented a decreasing trend,and its linear tendency rate was-13.29 mm/10 a;dryness presented a declining *** warming and drying trend was obvious in *** climatic productivity presented a significant increasing trend,and its linear tendency rate was 8.39 g/（m2·10 a）.Plant climatic productivity was closely related to precipitation and temperature.[Conclusion]The research could provide basis and reference for the adjustment of agricultural structure and sufficiently playing the advantages of climate resources in Huanren.

关键词： Plant climatic productivity Warming and drying trend Response Huanren County China

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Chemical characteristics of PM_(2.5) during dust storms and air pollution events in Chengdu,China

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Particuology 2013年第1期11卷 70-77页

作者： Qiyuan Wang Junji Cao Zhenxing Shen JunTao Shun Xiao Lei Luo Qingyang He Xinying Tang Department of Environmental Science and Engineering Xi'an Jiaotong University Key Lab of Aerosol Science & Technology SKLLQGInstitute of Earth EnvironmentChinese Academy of Sciences Institute of Global Environmental Change Xi'an Jiaotong University South China Institute of Environmental Sciences SEPA Meteorological bureau of Baoji Municipality Climate Center of Shaanxi Meteorological bureau Institute of Plateau meteorology CMA Institute of Plateau meteorology CMAChengdu

Daily fine particulate （PM2.5） samples were collected in Chengdu from April 2009 to February 2010 to investigate their chemical profiles during dust storms （DSs） and several types of pollution events, including haze （HDs）, biomass burning （BBs）, and fireworks displays （FDs）. The highest PM2.5 mass concentrations were found during DSs （283.3 μg/m^3）, followed by FDs （212.7 μg/m^3）, HDs （187.3 μg/m^3 ）, and BBs （130.1 μ g/m^3）. The concentrations of most elements were elevated during DSs and pollution events, except for BBs. Secondary inorganic ions （NO3^- , SO4^2-, and NH4^＋） were enriched during HDs, while PM2.5 from BBs showed high K^＋ but low SO4^2- , FDs caused increases in K^＋ and enrichment in SO4^2-. Ca^2＋. was abundant in DS samples, Ion-balance calculations indicated that PM2.5 from HDs and FDs was more acidic than on normal days, but DS and BB particles were alkaline. The highest organic carbon （OC） concentration was 26.1 μg/m^3 during FDs, followed by BBs （23.6 μg/m^3 ）, HDs （19.6 μg/m^3 ）, and DSs （18.8 μg/m^3 ）. In contrast, elemental carbon （EC） concentration was more abundant during HDs （10.6μg/m^3） and FDs （9.5 μg/m^3） than during BBs （6.2μg/m^3） and DSs （6.0 μg/m^3）. The highest OC/EC ratios were obtained during BBs, with the lowest during HDs. SO4^2＋ /K^＋ and TCA/SO4^2- ratios proved to be effective indicators for differentiating pollution events. Mass balance showed that organic matter, SO4^2-, and NO3^- were the dominant chemical components during pollution events, while soil dust was dominant during DSs.

关键词： PM2.5 Chemical species Pollution events Mass balance

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A Climatology of Heavy Rain and Major Flood Events in Victoria 1876-2019 and the Effect of the 1976 Climate Shift

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Journal of Geographical Research 2021年第3期4卷 12-33页

作者： Jeff Callaghan Retired bureau of meteorology BrisbaneQueenslandAustralia

An extensive search has been carried out to find all major flood and very heavy rainfall events in Victoria since 1876 when Southern Oscillation(SOI)data became *** synoptic weather patterns were analysed and of the 319 events studied,121 events were found to be East Coast Lows(ECLs)and 82 were other types of low-pressure *** influences also played a large role with 105 events being associated with tropical air advecting down to Victoria into weather *** are presented of all the major synoptic patterns *** SOI was found to be an important climate driver with positive SOIs being associated with many events over the 144 years *** 1976 Climate Shift and its influence on significant Victorian rainfall events is studied and negative SOI monthly values were shown to dominate following the ***,one of the most active periods in 144 years of Victorian heavy rain occurred after the shift with a sustained period of positive SOI events from 2007 to ***,it is critical for forecasting future Victorian heavy rainfall is to understand if sequences of these positive SOI events continue like those preceding the *** relationships between the Shift and Global Temperature rises are also *** wind data available from some of the heaviest rainfall events showed the presence of anticyclonic turning of the winds between 850hPa and 500hPa levels which has been found to be linked with extreme rainfall around the Globe.

关键词： Low pressure systems Tropical interaction Warm air advection Southern oscillation index

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Building Lightning Protection Engineering Design Drawings Review Frequently Asked Questions and Solutions

Building Lightning Protection Engineering Design Drawings Re...

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第十一届中国科协年会中国国际防雷减灾论坛

作者：闫景东 Liaocheng Bureau of Meteorology

＜正＞According to"mine building design specifications"and"civil electrical design specifications,"Lightning Protection of Buildings reviewed the project design drawings of the common questions encountered in the anal... 详细信息

关键词： building mine engineering design drawings review

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Analysis of the Leading Modes of Autumn Precipitation over the Yangtze River Basin

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Journal of Ocean University of China 2021年第4期20卷 803-810页

作者： QIAN Heng XU Shibin WU Xin College of meteorology and Oceanography National University of Defense TechnologyChangsha 410073China College of Oceanic and Atmospheric Sciences Ocean University of ChinaQingdao 266100China Ocean and Fishery bureau of Dongying Dongying 257091China

Based on daily precipitation data from 109 stations in the Yangtze River Basin(YRB)over the past 36 years(1980-2015),the Empirical Orthogonal Function(EOF)is employed to analyze changes in autumn *** used the monthly mean re-analysis datasets of atmospheric circulation and sea surface temperature(SST)to investigate the possible causes of the two leading modes,based on which the predictive equations were constructed and *** results of the EOF analysis show that the variance contribution of the first mode is 31.07%,and the spatial distribution shows a uniform variation over the whole *** variance contribution of the second mode is 15.02%,and the spatial distribution displays a north-south dipole pattern in the *** leading mode shows a dominant interannual variation,which is mainly due to the West Pacific subtropical high and anticyclones over the Philippine *** SST field corresponds to the positive phase of the eastern Pacific El Niño and the tropical Indian Ocean *** second mode may be related to the Indian Ocean-East Asian teleconnection and early withdrawal of the summer *** SST field corresponds to a weaker central Pacific El Niñ*** a stepwise regression analysis,SST anomalies in some areas during summer show a good predictive effect on the autumn precipitation mode in the YRB region.

关键词： YRB autumn precipitation IOD ENSO predictable mode

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