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Near Homogeneous Microphysics of the Record-Breaking 2020 Summer Monsoon Rainfall during the Northward Migration over East China

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2023年第10期40卷 1783-1798页

作者： Long WEN Wei ZHANG Cha YANG Gang CHEN Yajun HU Hao ZHANG Xichang Satellite Launch Center Xichang 615000China Xiamen Key Laboratory of Strait meteorology Xiamen 361012China Key Laboratory of Transportation meteorology of China Meteorological Administration Nanjing Joint Institute for Atmospheric SciencesNanjing 210041China Xiangan Meteorological bureau Xiamen 361103China

Knowledge of the raindrop size distribution(DSD)is crucial for disaster prevention and *** recordbreaking rainfall in the summer of 2020 caused some of the worst flooding ever experienced in *** study uses 96 Parsivel disdrometers and eight-year Global Precipitation Measurement(GPM)satellite observations to reveal the microphysical aspects of the disastrous rainfall during its northward migration over East *** results show that the nearly twice as heavy rainfall in Jiangsu Province compared to Fujian Province can be attributed to the earlier-than-average northward jump of the summer monsoon rainband to the Yangtze-Huaihe River *** persistent heavy monsoon rainfall showed similar near-maritime DSD characteristics,with a higher concentration of small raindrops than the surrounding climatic *** the northward movement of the rainband,the DSD variables and composite spectra between the pre-summer rainfall in Fujian and mei-yu rainfall in Jiangsu exhibited inherent similarities with slight regional *** are associated with similar statistical vertical precipitation structures for both convective and stratiform rain in these regions/*** vertical profiles of radar reflectivity and DSD parameters are typical of monsoonal rainfall features,implying the competition between coalescence,breakup,and accretion of vital warm rain *** study attributes the anomalously long duration of the mei-yu season for the record-breaking rainfall and reveals inherent homogeneous rainfall microphysics during the northward movement of the summer monsoon *** conclusion is statistically robust and would be helpful for accurate precipitation estimation and model parameterization of summer monsoon rainfall over East China.

关键词： precipitation microphysics raindrop size distribution mei-yu East China

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Typhoon disaster risk zoning for China’s coastal area

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Frontiers of Earth Science 2022年第2期16卷 291-303页

作者： Jing ZHU Yi LU Fumin REN John L McBRIDE Longbin YE Xiamen Key Laboratory of Straits meteorology Xiamen Meteorological BureauXiamen 361012China Shanghai Typhoon Institute of China Meteorological Administration Shanghai 200030China State Key Laboratory of severe weather Chinese Academy of Meteorological SciencesBeijing 10081China School of Earth Science (Honorary)University of MelbourneMelbourne 3010Australia Research and Development Division(Emeritus Scientist) Bureau of MeteorologyMelbourne 3010Australia

Previous studies on typhoon disaster risk zoning in China have focused on individual provinces or small-scale areas and lack county-level *** this study,typhoon disaster risk zoning is conducted for China’s coastal area,based on data at the county *** precipitation and wind data for China and typhoon disaster and social data at the county level for China’s coastal area from 2004 to 2013,first we analyze the characteristics of typhoon disasters in China’s coastal area and then develop an intensity index of factors causing typhoon disasters and a comprehensive social vulnerability ***,by combining the two indices,we obtain a comprehensive risk index for typhoon disasters and conduct risk *** results show that the maximum intensity areas are mainly the most coastal areas of both Zhejiang and Guangdong,and parts of Hainan Island,which is similar to the distribution of typhoon *** maximum values of vulnerability in the northwest of Guangxi,parts of Fujian coastal areas and parts of the Shandong *** comprehensive risk index generally decreases from coastal areas to inland *** high-risk areas are mainly distributed over Hainan Island,south-western Guangdong,most coastal Zhejiang,the coastal areas between Zhejiang and Fujian and parts of the Shandong Peninsula.

关键词： typhoon disaster risk zoning comprehensive social vulnerability index China’s coastal area

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Towards an objective historical tropical cyclone dataset for the Australian region

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Tropical Cyclone Research and Review 2020年第1期9卷 23-36页

作者： Joseph B.Courtney ANDrew D.Burton Christopher S.Velden Timothy L.OlANDer Elizabeth A.Ritchie Clair Stark Leon Majewski bureau of meteorology Australia CIMSS University of Wisconsin-MadisonUSA University of New South Wales CanberraAustralia

The appropriate design of infrastructure in tropical cyclone(TC)prone regions requires an understanding of the hazard risk profile underpinned by an accurate,homogenous long-term TC *** existing Australian region TC archive,or’best track’(BT),suffers from inhomogeneities and an incomplete long-term record of key TC *** study assesses mostly satellite-based objective techniques for 1981-2016,the period of a geostationary satellite imagery dataset corrected for navigation and calibration *** satellite-based estimates of Australian-region TCs suffer from a general degradation in the 1981-1988 period owing to lower quality and availability of satellite *** quality of the objective techniques for both intensity and structure is compared to the reference BT 2003-2016 *** intensity the Advanced Dvorak Technique algorithm corresponds well with the BT 2003-2016,when the algorithm can use passive microwave data(PMW)as an *** the period prior to 2003 when PMW data is unavailable,the intensity algorithm has a low *** corrections were made to the non-PMW objective estimates to produce an extended(1989-2016)homogeneous dataset of maximum wind that has sufficient accuracy to be considered for use where a larger homogeneous sample size is valued over a shorter more accurate period of *** associated record of central pressure using the Courtney-Knaff-Zehr wind pressure relationship was *** size estimates,three techniques were investigated:the Deviation Angle Variance and the’Knaff’techniques(IR-based),while the’Lok’technique used model information(ECMWF reanalysis dataset and TC vortex specification from ACCESS-TC).However,results lacked sufficient skill to enable extension of the reliable period of *** availability of scatterometer data makes the BT 2003-2016 dataset the most reliable and *** regarding the best data source for each parameter for different periods of the record a

关键词： Objective tropical cyclone reanalysis satellite intensity ADT

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EVALUATION OF CORRECTIONS ON TURBULENT FLUXES OBTAINED BY EDDY COVARIANCE METHOD IN HIGH WINDS

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Journal of Tropical meteorology 2018年第2期24卷 176-184页

作者： BI Xue-yan WEN Bin ZHAO Zhong-kuo HUANG Jian LIU Chun-xia HUANG Hui-jun MAO Wei-kang WEN Guan-huan Guangzhou Institute of Tropical and Marine meteorology China Meteorological AdministrationGuangzhou 5 I0080 China Zhanjiang Meteorological bureau Zhanjiang 524000 China

This paper investigates processing of fast-response data and corrections of turbulent fluxes obtained by using eddy covariance method based on data collected at an offshore observation tower during three Cold-intrusion(CI)events in the South China Sea in 2010. This study presents the data processing procedure in detail and compares frictional velocities(u*), sensible heat fluxes(H) and latent heat fluxes(LE) yielded by using different averaging periods and different coordinate rotation methods; evaluates the sonic temperature correction for sensible heat flux and the Webb correction for latent heat flux as a function of 10 m wind speed(u10) during the CIs. The results show(1) that the different averaging periods of 30 min and 10 min cause biases of u*(H, LE) within 5%(15%, 62%). The values of u*(H,LE) averaged from 30 mins are mostly larger than those averaged from 10 mins. We suggest that the averaging period of 10 min is not sufficiently long to capture all scale eddies and recommend 30 min averaging period in calculating turbulent fluxes using eddy covariance method during CIs;(2) that the values of u*(H, LE) obtained from double rotation(DR2) and those obtained from planar fit rotation(PF) have good agreements and correlation coefficients between them are larger than 0.99. Because PF method requires unchanged environment and it is easier to apply DR2 method, we suggest DR2 coordinate rotation method in processing fast-response data; and(3) that the median values of frictional velocity(sensible heat flux and latent heat flux) binned according to 2 m s^(-1) intervals of u_(10) increase(decrease,increase) by less than 9%(4%, 10%) by Coriolis corrections(sonic temperature corrections, Webb corrections), which decreases(decreases, increases) with increasing u10 when u10 are 5-17 m s^(-1).

关键词： processing of fast-response data averaging period coordinate rotation Coriolis correction sonic temperature correction Webb correction

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Characteristics and Causes of Changes of Pan Evaporation in China During 1957-2001

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Acta meteorologica Sinica 2009年第5期23卷 575-584页

作者：申双和盛琼 Key Laboratory of Meteorological Disasters of Ministry of Education NUIST College of Applied meteorology Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology Huzhou Meteorological bureau of Zhejiang Province

Evaporation is an important component of surface heat and water balance, and is affected directly by land use and climate change. This paper studies the changes of evaporation in China associated with the global climate change, and explores characteristics of the corresponding regional water cycle variations. The 20-cm-caliber pan evaporation measurements collected from 427 meteorological stations in China from 1957 to 2001 are analyzed to disclose the small-pan evaporation variation trend in China and the associated causes. The results show that although the annual average temperature over China exhibits an upward tendency of 0.2℃/10 yr for the past 45 years, the pan evaporation on the whole has decreased by -34.12 mm/10 yr. Nonetheless, a significant increase of pan evaporation is observed in a few areas such as the northern part of the Greater Hingan Mountains in Northeast China and the Beishan Mountains in Inner Mongolia. The largest decrease of pan evaporation lies in East China, northern parts of Northwest China, South China, and southern Tibet. An analysis of energy balance and aerodynamics using Penman＇s formula proves that the drop of pan evaporation in East China is mainly due to a significant decline of source energy for evaporation, while that in West China is mostly attributed to an aerodynamic reduction. The analysis on tendencies of various meteorological and other related factors shows that wind speed and sunshine hours are two most important factors causing the pan evaporation reduction in China.

关键词： China changes of pan evaporation Penman's formula energy term aerodynamic term

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Characteristics of land surface thermal-hydrologic processes for different regions over North China during prevailing summer monsoon period

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Science China Earth Sciences 2012年第9期55卷 1872-1880页

作者： ZHANG Qiang ZENG Jian ZHANG LiYang Institute of Arid meteorology of CMA Key laboratory of Arid Climatic Change and Reducing Disaster of Gansu ProvinceKey Open Laboratory of Arid Climatic Change and Disaster Reduction of CMALanzhou 730020China Meteorological bureau of Gansu Lanzhou 730020China Beijing Meteorological bureau Beijing 100089China College of Atmospheric Sciences Lanzhou UniversityLanzhou 730000China

The observation stations of Northern China are divided into three regions:the arid Northwest China,the Loess Plateau,and the cool Northeast *** consistencies,differences,and associated mechanisms of land surface thermal-hydrologic processes among the three regions were studied based on the normalization of major variables of land surface thermal-hydrologic processes,using data collected during prevailing summer monsoon period(July and August,2008).It is shown that differences of surface thermal-hydrologic processes are remarkable among the three regions because of different impacts of summer *** their soil wet layers occur at different depths,and the average albedo and its diurnal variations are distinctly *** net short-wave radiation in the Loess Plateau is close to that in the cool Northeast China,but its surface net long-wave radiation is close to that in the arid Northwest *** the ratio of net radiation to global solar radiation in the cool Northeast China is higher than the other two regions,though its temperature is *** are obvious regional differences in the ratios of surface sensible and latent heat fluxes to net radiation for the three regions because of distinct contribution of sensible and latent heat fluxesto land surface energy *** three regions are markedly different in the ratio of water vapor flux to pan evaporation,but they are consistent in the ratio of water vapor flux to *** results not only indicate different influences of climate and environmental factors on land surface thermal-hydrologic processes in the three regions,but also show that summer monsoon is important in the formation and variation of the pattern of land surface thermal-hydrologic processes.

关键词： different regions of North China prevailing summer monsoon period coordinated experiment land surface thermalhydrologic processes influence factors

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Comparison Study Between Observation and Simulation for Sea Fog over the Yellow Sea in May 2009

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Journal of Ocean University of China 2012年第3期11卷 290-300页

作者： FU Dan WANG Shuai CHEN Delin PANG Huaji LI Pengyuan Department of Marine meteorology Ocean University of ChinaQingdao 266100P.R.China Qinzhou Weather bureau Guangxi 535000P.R.China Qingdao Weather bureau Qingdao 266003P.R.China

In this paper, almost all available observational data and the latest 6.0 version of Regional Atmospheric Modeling System (RAMS) model were employed to investigate a heavy sea fog event occurring over the Yellow Sea from 2 to 5 May 2009. The evolutionary process of this event was documented by using Multifunctional Transport Satellites-1 (MTSAT-1) visible satellite imagery. The synoptic situation, sounding profiles at two selected stations were analyzed. The difference between the air temperature and sea surface temperature during the sea fog event over the entire sea region was also analyzed. In order to better understand this event, an RAMS modeling with a 15 km×15 km resolution was performed. The model successfully reproduced the main characteristics of this sea fog event. The simulated height of fog top and the area of lower atmospheric visibility derived from the RAMS modeling results showed good agreement with the sea fog area identified from the satellite imagery. Examinations of both observational data and RAMS modeling results suggested that advection cooling seemed to play an important role in the formation of this sea fog event.

关键词： sea fog the Yellow Sea observational analysis numerical modeling

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THE INTERACTION OF HURRICANE MICHAEL WITH AN UPPER TROUGH LEADING TO INTENSIFICATION RIGHT UP TO LANDFALL

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Tropical Cyclone Research and Review 2019年第2期8卷 101-108页

作者： Jeff Callaghan Retired bureau of meteorology BrisbaneAustralia

Hurricane Michael was intensifying as it made landfall devastating areas of the Florida Panhandle including the small town of Mexico Beach. The structure of the hurricane is examined using radar wind data made available from aircraft reconnaissance missions. This showed a dominant warm air advection configuration(winds turning in direction in an anticyclonic fashion with height) around the core of the hurricane. Conventional radiosonde data was also used to study the warm air advection environment east of a deep layered tough system which Michael moved into and which appeared to favour such strong intensification. The structure of this deep trough is also examined and compared with a situation where Hurricane Dennis in 2005 weakened as it approached the coast in much the same region. It appears that the thermal structure of the upper trough at low to middle levels is critical to whether the hurricane intensifies or weakens with the presence of strong cold air advection associated with weakening.

关键词： intensification warm air advection cold air advection upper outflow deep trough

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Radiative Forcing of SO_2 and NO_x: A Case Study in Beijing

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2006年第2期23卷 317-322页

作者：孙治安王晓云曾宪宁 bureau of meteorology Research Centre GPO BOX 1289K Melbourne 3001Australia Beijing Regional Meteorological Centre Beijing Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology Nanjing 210044

A case study was performed in Beijing in 2000 to observe concentrations of SO2 and NOx in the atmosphere and to evaluate their radiative impact. It was found that the concentrations of these gases are usually high in the morning due to a temperature inversion in the boundary layer. The average concentrations obtained from the observations are much higher than those used in the McClatchey reference atmosphere. The radiative impacts of these gases are calculated using a line-by-line radiative transfer model. The results show that the radiative forcing at the surface due to SO2 is 0.0576 W m^-2 and that due to NOx is 0.0032 W m^-2. These figures are almost compatible with that due to CFC11.

关键词： air pollution radiative forcing gas concentration greenhouse effect

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NONLINEAR MECHANISM OF ABRUPT CHANGE OF ATMOSPHERIC CIRCULATION DURING JUNE AND OCTOBER

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Science in China,Ser.B 1983年第7期26卷 746-754页

作者：李麦村罗哲贤 Institute of Atmospheric Physics Academic Sinica Beijing Department of meteorology and Physical Oceanography Massachusetts Institute of Technology Meteorological bureau of Gansu Province Lanzhou

By the low-order spectral model, the abrupt change of the circulation in the barotropic atmosphere is studied. In certain parametric combinations, along with the gradual change of the external thermal forcing, the quasi-cusp pattern abrupt changes of both the spectral coefficients and the locations of west jet stream are stimulated, which are similar to the rapid northward jumping and suddenly establishing of the 'South-Branch' jet stream during June and October respectively. Depending on the changes of the parametric combinations, the motional form of the abrupt change can be substituted by that of the gradual change of one stable equilibrium, or by that of the branching phenomena of the multiple equilibria. The abrupt change mechanism of the atmospheric circulation is a nonlinear mechanism which contains the thermal forcing, dissipation, and thermal and dynamic effects.

关键词： NONLINEAR MECHANISM OF ABRUPT CHANGE OF ATMOSPHERIC CIRCULATION DURING JUNE AND OCTOBER

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