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Progress of crystalline carbon nitride in synthesis,atomic structure characterization and photocatalysis

Nano research 2025年第1期18卷 455-476页

作者： Yueyang Tan Zhongyan Zhang Yayun Pu Zongzhao Sun Limin Huang School of Materials Science and Engineering Harbin Institute of TechnologyHarbin 150001China Department of Chemistry Southern University of Science and TechnologyShenzhen 518055China School of Traffic and Environment Shenzhen Institute of Information TechnologyShenzhen 518172China College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Linyi UniversityLinyi 276000China School of Optoelectronic Engineering Chongqing University of Posts and TelecommunicationsChongqing 400065China

Crystalline carbon nitride(CCN)has emerged as a highly promising semiconductor photocatalyst with unique properties,such as enhanced charge migration rate,reduced carrier recombination probability,narrow band gap and improved light-harvesting efficiency,which are suitable for a wide range of applications in solar-to-chemical conversion,energy storage,therapeutic and environmental pollution *** the past few years,there has been an increasing number of reviews on CCN ***,most of these reviews mainly focus on synthesis methods,modification and applications,with less emphasis on the relationship between structures and properties,as well as on indepth exploration of the crystalline *** electronic instability of CCN presents challenges for conventional characterization techniques to directly and thoroughly investigate the relationship between its intrinsic atom structure and photocatalytic *** mini-review not only highlights the progress in CCN-based photocatalysts,with a focus on molten-salt synthesis(including solid-salt-induced crystallization),but also emphasizes the atomic structure characterization by specifically introducing the differential phase contrast(DPC)scanning transmission electron microscopy(STEM)technique,which is essential for enhancing our understanding of the crystal structure and photocatalytic mechanisms of ***,the review outlines the photocatalytic performance and puts forward potential challenges on CCN *** review will provide a clearer understanding of the relationship in developing precise customization strategies for CCN materials and ultimately explain the regularity and specificity of the enhanced performance in targeted photocatalytic systems.

关键词： crystalline carbon nitride synthesis characterization photocatalysis

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Purification and utilization of garlic processing wastewater in lotus pond wetlands

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Water Science and Engineering 2014年第4期7卷 395-402页

作者： Jun PANG Xue-ling FENG Xiu-feng WANG College of Arts Taishan University linyi research institute of environmental protection College of Horticultural Science and Engineering Shandong Agricultural University

Based on the experiments of utilization of garlic processing wastewater in a lotus pond, this study demonstrates that lotus pond wetlands have a remarkable ability to remove organic pollutants and decrease chemical oxygen demand （CODCr）, biochemical oxygen demand （BOD5）, and suspended substances （SS） in garlic processing wastewater. Results also show evident effects of lotus roots on absorption of NH3-N. The pH value in a lotus pond with wastewater discharged was relatively stable. The water quality in the lotus pond reached the class Ⅱ emission standard, according to the Integrated Wastewater Discharge Standard （GB8978-1996）, seven days after pretreated garlic processing wastewater had been discharged into the lotus pond. Garlic processing wastewater irrigation does not produce pollution in the pond sediment and has no negative effect on the growth of lotus roots. Due to utilization of garlic processing wastewater, the output of lotus roots increased by 3.0% to 8.3%, and the quality of lotus roots was improved. Therefore, better purification and utilization results can be achieved.

关键词： lotus pond wetland garlic processing wastewater ecological treatment removalrate purification and utilization

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Highly time-resolved aerosol characteristics during springtime in Weizhou Island

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Journal of environmental Sciences 2018年第10期72卷 64-74页

作者： Jingying Mao Zhiming Chen Zhaoyu Mo Xiaoyang Yang Hong Li Yonglin Liu Huilin Liu Jiongli Huang Junchao Yang Hongjiao Li Scientific research Academy of Guangxi environmental protection institute for environmental and Climate research Jinan University Chinese research Academy of environmental Sciences

A single particle aerosol mass spectrometer was deployed to measure the changes of single particle species and sizes during March 2015 in Weizhou Island of the Beibu Gulf, Guangxi province, South China. In this campaign, a total of 3,100,597 particles were sized, and 25.8%particles with both positive and negative mass spectrum were collected and 24.8%characterized in combination with the ART-2 a neural network algorithm. The distribution of sized particles was mainly in from 520 to 600 nm, and the diameters ranging from 340 to1000 nm accounted for above 90%. Eight types of particles were classified: Elemental Carbon containing(EC), Organic Carbon containing(OC), EC and OC combined containing particles,Na containing particles, K containing particles(K), Levoglucosan containing particles,mineral containing particles, and Heavy Metal containing particles(HM). EC, OC and K were the major containing particles, which accounted for 84.3% in the eight types particles. The relative ratio and size distribution of the three types were EC(48.1%, 620 nm), OC(12.7%,440 nm), and K(23.5%, 600 nm), respectively. The three types of particles were a bit increasing ratios compared with those in clean periods during haze pollution *** with the back-trajectory results from the Hysplit-4 model and local pollution sources revealed that the ambient air quality on the Weizhou Island may be influenced by biomass burning in the Indochina Peninsula(biomass burning in the Indochina Peninsula)from the transportation on higher level atmospheric layer and by mainland of south China located northeast of Weizhou Island on the ground.

关键词： Characteristics Transportation Single particle aerosol mass spectrometer Biomass burning Weizhou Island

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Determination of ^(210)Pb and ^(212)Pb in water and their radiological impact to the public via drinking water

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Nuclear Science and Techniques 2012年第1期23卷 19-28页

作者： TORRI Giancarlo National institute of environmental protection and research

A sensitive and accurate method for determining ultra low-level 210Pb and 212Pb in water samples through double measurements was *** was pre-concentrated as hydroxides,separated from alkaline earth elements as PbS precipitate,purified by an anion exchange resin chromatography column,precipitated as PbSO4 for source preparation and counted by a low background β-*** procedure was checked with IAEA reference materials,and the results agreed well with the recommended *** detectable activity was 0.062 mBq·L-1 for 210Pb and 0.053 mBq·L-1 for 212Pb with a 48 L water *** drinking water samples were analyzed,with a Pb recovery of 88.8?5.5%,and the typical activity concentrations were 0.191?15.1 mBq·L-1 for 210Pb and of 1.12?5.77 mBq·L-1 for *** estimated committed effective doses to adult members of the public in Italy due to intake of 210Pb and 212Pb in drinking water were 0.096?7.59 μSv·a-1 and 0.005?0.025 μSv·a-1,respectively.

关键词：中水水测定国际原子能机构辐射公众离子交换树脂沉淀分离氢氧化物

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Determination of photochemically-generated reactive oxygen species in natural water

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Journal of environmental Sciences 2009年第3期21卷 303-306页

作者： ZHAN Manjun Nanjing research institute of environmental protection,Nanjing 210013,China. Nanjing research institute of environmental protection Nanjing 210013 China

Reactive oxygen species （ROS） can be produced by interactions between sunlight and light-absorbing substances in natural water environment. ROS may participate in the indirect photolysis of trace organic pollutants, therefore resulting in changes in their environmental fates and ecological risks in natural water systems. Bisphenol A （BPA）, an endocrine-disrupting chemical, exits widely in natural waters. The photodegradation of BPA promoted by ROS （-OH, 1O2, HO2./O2^-）, which were produced on the excitation of ubiquitous constituents （such as nitrate ion, humic substances and Fe（Ⅲ）-oxalate complexes） in natural water under simulated solar radiation was investigated. Both molecular probe method and electron spin resonance （ESR） test were used for the characterization of the generated ROS. It was found that .OH was photochemically produced in the presence of nitrate ions, humic substances and Fe（Ⅲ）-oxalate complexes and that 102 was produced with the presence of humic substances. The steady-state concentrations of .OH was 1.27×10^-14 mol/L in a nitrate solution, and the second-order rate constant of BPA with ＂OH was 1.01×10^10 L/（mol.s）.

关键词： reactive oxygen species Bisphenol A hydroxyl radicals singlet oxygen superoxide anion radical photodegradation

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Corrosion Behavior of 5A05 Aluminum Alloy in NaCl Solution

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Acta Metallurgica Sinica(English Letters) 2013年第5期26卷 581-587页

作者： Bin WANG Lunwu ZHANG Yan SU Yong XIAO Jie LIU Southwest Technology and Engineering research institute Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Environmental Corrosion and Protection

The corrosion behavior of 5A05 aluminum alloy in 3.5 wt.% NaCl solution was investigated by scanning electron microscopy（SEM）, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy（XPS）, Fourier transform-infrared（FT-IR） spectroscopy and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy（EIS） test, and the corrosion mechanism was also discussed. The results showed that the corrosion rates of the 5A05 alloy were low and decreased with the increase in immersion time. Under the conditions of exposure studied, this alloy sufered from pitting corrosion that took place from or around the intermetallic particles existing in the alloy. The number and size of the hemispherical corrosion pits on the sample surfaces increased with the increase of the test time. The dark-grey layer of corrosion products formed on 5A05 aluminum alloy in 3.5% NaCl solution contained many microcracks. Furthermore, XPS and FT-IR analysis proved that the corrosion products were mainly composed of Al2 O3, Al（OH）3 and AlCl3.

关键词： Aluminum alloy Pitting corrosion Intermetallics Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy

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Applying seepage modeling to improve sediment yield predictions in contour ridge systems

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Journal of Arid Land 2020年第4期12卷 676-689页

作者： LIU Qianjin MA Liang ZHANG Hanyu Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Water and Soil Conservation&environmental protection College of Resources and EnvironmentLinyi UniversityLinyi 276000China Water Resources research institute of Shandong Province Ji'nan 250013China

Contour ridge systems may lead to seepage that could result in serious soil erosion. Modeling soil erosion under seepage conditions in a contour ridge system has been overlooked in most current soil erosion models. To address the importance of seepage in soil erosion modeling, a total of 23 treatments with 3 factors, row grade, field slope and ridge height, in 5 gradients were arranged in an orthogonal rotatable central composite design. The second-order polynomial regression model for predicting the sediment yield was improved by using the measured or predicted seepage discharge as an input factor, which increased the coefficient of determination(R^2) from 0.743 to 0.915 or 0.893. The improved regression models combined with the measured seepage discharge had a lower P(0.007) compared to those combined with the predicted seepage discharge(P=0.016). With the measured seepage discharge incorporated, some significant(P<0.050) effects and interactions of influential factors on sediment yield were detected, including the row grade and its interactions with the field slope, ridge height and seepage discharge, the quadratic terms of the field slope and its interactions with the row grade and seepage discharge. In the regression model with the predicted seepage discharge as an influencing factor, only the interaction between row grade and seepage discharge significantly affected the sediment yield. The regression model incorporated with predicted seepage discharge may be expressed simply and can be used effectively when measured seepage discharge data are not available.

关键词： soil erosion model contour ridge seepage geometry factors rainfall simulation

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Isothermal Crystallization of iPP in Environment-friendly Diluents:Effect of Binary Diluents and Crystallization Temperature on Crystallization Kinetics

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Chinese Journal of Polymer Science 2019年第6期37卷 617-626页

作者： Yu-Jie Wang Su-Ying Yan Zhi-Ping Zhao Zhen-Yu Xi School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Beijing Institute of Technology environmental protection research institute Beijing Research Institute of Chemical IndustrySINOPEC

The growing demand for non-toxic solvents for membrane preparation has motivated the studies for green and sustainable alternatives of solvents. The effect of droplet isothermal growth within the liquid-liquid phase separation region on isothermal spherulitic growth rate of isotactic polypropylene(iPP) was investigated. The results showed that the droplets grew up at a rate of 0.0172 μm·s^(-1). The larger droplets slowed down the isothermal spherulitic growth rate of iPP. Higher mass ratio of carnauba wax(Cwax)/soybean oil(SO)resulted in faster droplet growth due to weak interaction with polymers. The isothermal crystallization behaviors of iPP in environmentfriendly binary diluents consisting of Cwax and SO mixture were further investigated experimentally using polarized optical *** was demonstrated that the isothermal spherulitic growth rate of iPP in diluents decreased nonlinearly with the increasing crystallization temperature. Compared with virgin iPP, isothermal spherulitic growth rate of iPP in SO diluent was significantly slowed down. The spherulitic growth was further retarded after the addition of Cwax in mixed diluents, resulting in a lower crystallization rate than that in SO. Moreover, the crystal form of iPP membranes was found to be α type through the characterization of small angle X-ray scattering and wide angle X-ray diffraction.

关键词： Isotactic polypropylene Carnauba wax Isothermal crystallization kinetics PP membrane

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A comparison of measured ^(137)Cs and excess ^(210)Pb levels in the cultivated brown and cinnamon soils of the Yimeng Mountain area

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Chinese Journal Of Geochemistry 2014年第2期33卷 155-162页

作者： ZHANG Yunqi LONG Yi YU Xingxiu AN Juan Sichuan Agriculture University Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Soil Conservation and environmental protection Linyi University institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment CAS

This contribution analyzes the similarities and differences between the measured activities of 137Cs and excess 210Pb(210Pbex) in the cultivated brown and cinnamon soils of the Yimeng Mountain area, discusses the influence of soil texture on the measurement of 210Pbex, and presents differences between the two types of soils. Fields A and B were selected to represent the fields that contain cultivated brown and cinnamon soils, respectively. From either study field, one site of sectioned core and six bulk cores were collected to measure 137Cs levels, 210Pbex levels, and the particle-size composition of soil samples. Three undisturbed soil samples were collected to measure capillary and aeration porosities. The 137Cs inventories for the two study fields are very similar. The 137Cs is a man-made radionuclide, which means that its measured levels for soils are unaffected by soil texture. In contrast, levels of the naturally occurring 210Pbex of soils from Field A were lower than those of Field B by about 50%. In contrast to aquatic sediments, levels of 210Pbex in terrestrial surface soils are affected by the emanation of 222Rn from the soils. It can be assumed that the coarser the soils, the greater the emanation of 222Rn; in addition, the lower the measured 210Pbex, the greater the underestimate of this value. The cultivated brown soils in Field A are coarser than the cultivated cinnamon soils in Field B. As a result, 222Rn in Field A will diffuse more easily into the atmosphere than that in Field B. As a consequence, the measured 210Pbex in soils from Field A is much lower than the actual value, whereas the value measured for Field B is much closer to the actual value.

关键词： 137Cs 活度测量沂蒙山区褐土棕色耕地土壤质地铯-137

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A growing captive population erodes the wild Red-crowned Cranes(Grus japonensis) in China

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Chinese Birds 2016年第4期7卷 210-217页

作者： Daqing Zhou Xin Xia Wanggu Xu Haonan Zhang Zhedong Qian Jun Gao Zhi Wang Mingkang Jiang Nanjing institute of environmental Sciences Ministry of Environmental Protection

Background: The Red-crowned Crane(Grus japonensis) is an endangered bird species and while the wild population continues to decrease in China, the captive population has dramatically increased over the last two decades. We hypothesized that some of the captive Red-crowned Cranes originated from the wild and that a growing captive population is eroding the wild population in ***: We surveyed the size of the population and determined the average annual growth rate, reproductive success rate and mortality rate of captive Red-crowned Cranes in 2013 in China. We assessed this erosion effect through mathematical models, in which the size of the captive Red-crowned Crane population was determined from the annual growth rate, the reproductive success rate and the rate of ***: We found there were a total of 1520 captive Red-crowned Cranes in 2013 in China, with an average annual gro-wth rate of 7.46%, a reproductive success rate of 9.17% and a mortality rate of 3.6%. We found that approximately 1027 supplementary Red-crowned Cranes per year and a total of 244, over the 14 year period from 1999 to 2013, were needed to account for the growing captive population in ***: We conclude that the 244 birds probably came from the wild by taking eggs and capturing juveniles or adults and hence accepted the hypothesis. Perhaps more surprisingly, our annual estimate of the number of supplementary Red-crowned Cranes in captive populations is very conservative, with the erosion effect substantially underestimated, because the total number of captive Red-crowned Cranes in 2013 was underestimated, with the annual reproductive success rate in zoos overestimated. The existence of an erosion effect provides a new perspective for the interpretation of why the Red-crowned Crane population in the wild continues to decrease. In our opinion, it is important to understand the consequences of this erosion effect on the management and conservation of this endangered

关键词： Zoo Nature reserve Crane Captive population Reproductive success rate

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