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Active dry yeast supplementation benefits ruminal fermentation,bacterial community,blood immunoglobulins,and growth performance in young dairy goats,but not for intermittent supplementation

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animal Nutrition 2023年第2期13卷 289-301页

作者： Jun Zhang Yuntian Yang Xinjian Lei Yannan Wang Yanhua Li Zhiqiang Yang Junhu Yao College of animal Science and Technology Northwest A&F UniversityYangling 712100ShaanxiChina Fuping county animal husbandry development center Fuping 711700ShaanxiChina Shandong Institute of Feed Quality Inspection Jinan 250010ShandongChina

This study evaluated the effects of active dry yeast(ADY)supplementation and supplementation stra-tegies on ruminal fermentation,bacterial community,blood metabolites,and growth performance in young dairy goats.Sixty young female Guanzhong dairy goats of similar age(4.00±0.50 months)and BW(19.65±0.41 kg)were randomly divided into 3 groups(n=20):(1)basal diet group(CON);(2)basal diet continuously supplemented with 3.0 g/goat per day commercial ADY(a proprietary strain of Saccharomyces cerevisiae with 5.0×10^(9)cfu/g)group(CSY);(3)basal diet with intermittently supple-mented ADY group(ISY;5 d supplementation with ADY at 4.5 g/goat per day following 5 d of no sup-plementation).The experiment lasted 67 d with the first 7 d as an adaptive period.Rumen fluid and blood samples were collected bi-weekly.Data were analyzed using the MIXED procedure combined with the SLICE option in SAS.Specific orthogonal contrasts of ADY vs.CON and CSY vs.ISY were also analyzed.During the experimental period,ADY supplementation resulted in greater DMI(P=0.03),ruminal ac-etate proportion(P<0.01)and acetylesterase activity(P=0.01),and blood contents of glucose(P=0.01)and IgM(P=0.02)and tended to have greater ADG(P=0.05)and paunch girth(P=0.06)than the CON,despite the propionate proportion(P=0.03)and contents of total protein(P=0.04)and IgA(P=0.03)being lower.The lower ruminal NH_(3)-N(P<0.01)and blood urea nitrogen(P=0.07)contents indicated greater nitrogen utilization with ADY supplementation.ADY supplementation showed persistent effects after it was stopped because the BW at 12 months of age(P=0.03)and birth weight of lambs(P=0.02)were greater than the CON.However,the ISY did not show those benefits and had significantly lower relative abundances of fiber-degrading related bacteria than the CSY.In conclusion,ADY supplementa-tion,especially continuously supplemented,may enhance ADG and ADG:DMI ratio by improving DMI,ruminal cellulolytic bacteria abundance and enzyme activity,nitrogen utilization,and immune status.These findings provide a t

关键词： Active dry yeast Bacterial community Dairy goat Growth performance Rumen microbiota Saccharomyces cerevisiae

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Comparison of biochar properties from 5 kinds of halophyte produced by slow pyrolysis at 500℃

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Biochar 2022年第1期4卷 1003-1012页

作者： Hongyang Xiao Qimei Lin Guitong Li Xiaorong Zhao Jianzhong Li Erzhen Li Department of Soil and Water Science College of Land Science and TechnologyChina Agricultural UniversityBeijing 100193China Agricultural and animal husbandry Technology Extension and Service center of Wuyuan county Bayannur 015100Inner MongoliaChina

Glycophyte biomass-derived biochars are currently concerned in most studies.However,little attention is given to the char-acteristics of halophyte-derived biochars.In this study,five typical halophytes of euhalophytes(Suaeda altissima,Suaeda salsa,and Kalidium foliatum),recretohalophytes(Phragmites australis),and pseudohalophytes(Tamarix chinensis)which are widely distributed in the arid and semiarid regions of northwestern China were selected for producing biochars with a slow pyrolysis process at 500℃for 1 h.The harvested biochars were characterized in elemental content,pores,surface area,and surface charges,and then their potential value as a soil conditioner was evaluated.The results showed that the halophyte-derived biochars had variable ash and Na+contents,ranging from 7.26 to 23.64%and 1.06 to 33.93 g kg^(−1)respectively.The EC value of the biochars ranged from 1.76 to 23.45 mS cm^(−1).The biochar derived from Suaeda altissima had a very low specific surface area(SSA),3.50 m^(2)g^(−1),while that derived from Phragmites australis(BPA)had a very high SSA,344.02 m^(2)g^(−1).All the biochars carried both positive and negative charges.Kalidium foliatum biochar(BKF)possessed more nega-tive charges,while Suaeda altissima biochar(BSA)contained more positive charges.In general,the halophyte biochars had a higher ash content and lower point of zero net charge(PZNC)value,compared with the biochars derived from glycophytes,which would imply their higher potential value as an acidic soil conditioner.

关键词： Halophyte Biochar Structural elements Mineral elements Surface charges

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Responses of grazing households to different levels of payments for ecosystem services

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Ecosystem Health and Sustainability 2022年第1期8卷 50-64页

作者： Weiwei Shen Ting Zhou Hong Chang Xiao Qiu Yahong Liu Hailian Sun Xiu Zhai Hongbo Yang Guihuan Liu Wu Yang center for Intelligent Ecology and Sustainability College of Environmental and Resource SciencesZhejiang UniversityHangzhouZhejiangChina Inner Mongolia Academy of Agriculture and animal husbandry HohhotChina Global development Policy center Boston UniversityBostonMassachusettsUSA Chinese Academy of Environmental Planning BeijingChina

Introduction:Payments for Ecosystem Services(PES)programs have been implemented globally to protect ecosystems while securing the well-being of affected people.Reasonable payment standards are key to successful PES programs.Although some approaches are available for determining payment standards,few studies have applied them for grassland conservation with location indicators and socioeconomic contexts properly considered.Methods:Using China’s first pilot Grassland Ecological Compensation Policy(GECP)as an example,we analyzed the effects of payment levels,other natural and socioeconomic factors on herders’willingness to participate in the GECP in Damao county in Inner Mongolia where grassland degradation is happening at an alarming rate due to overgrazing and cropland expansion.Outcomes:Our results show that households with lower herding income,older age,higher education,larger grassland areas,and worse social relationships are more inclined to participate in the GECP.Conservation payment level,as well as natural and socioeconomic contextual factors,significantly affect the response of herdsmen,and a reasonable grassland payment standard with a 95%policy compliance rate should be 8.8 yuan mu-1.Discussion and Conclusion:Our findings can inform governments to develop effective PES programs to balance the need of human well-being improvement and grassland conservation in China and beyond.

关键词： Conservation grassland ecosystem grassland compensation ecological compensation standard ecosystem management:poverty alleviation

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Estimates on age,growth,and mortality of Gymnocypris firmispinatus(Cyprinidae: Schizothoracinae) in the Anning River,China

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Journal of Oceanology and Limnology 2019年第2期37卷 736-744页

作者： MA Baoshan NIE Yuanyuan WEI Kaijin XU Bin ZHU Xiangyun XU Jin Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences Wuhan 430223 China development center for animal husbandry in Mountain Area in Miao Autonomous county of Songtao Tongren 554100 China

The age, growth, and mortality of Gymnocypris firmispinatus were studied by 582 individuals that collected between July 2015 and June 2016 from the tributaries of the Anning River, China. The total length (TL) ranged from 27 mm to 242 mm, total weight (W) ranged from 0.2 g to 148.2 g. The relationship of total length and weight was expressed as W =7.754×10^-6 TL^ 3.304 for the total samples. The age classes of males were 1–9 a, and that of females were 1–13 a. The von Bertalanff y functions based on otolith readings and observed length data were L t ♂=198.6(1–e^-0.094 ( t +3.497)), and L t ♀=289.3(1–e^-0.089 ( t +1.109)). The total mortality ( Z ) of male and female G . firmispinatus was estimated as 0.73/a and 0.40/a, respectively. The natural mortality ( M ) was evaluated as 0.25/a for males and 0.20/a for females, fishing mortality ( F ) was 0.35/a for males and 0.16/a for females. The exploitation ratio of the population was 0.66/a for males and 0.50/a for females. It was concluded that the growth of the fish is relatively slower than other congeneric fishes. The population of G . firmispinatus in the tributaries of the Anning River might be in over-exploitation under the current fishing intensity.

关键词： otolith growth von Bertalanff y model mortality Gymnocypris firmispinatus

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Identification of Mulberry Endophytic Fungus Macrophomina phaseolina Strain

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Agricultural Biotechnology 2021年第6期10卷 93-95页

作者： Xue’e DOU Jingrui HAN College of Forestry Shandong Agricultural UniversityTai’an 271018China linqu county animal husbandry development center Linqu 262600China Agricultural Comprehensive Service center Chengguan Sub-district OfficeLinqu CountyLinqu 262600China

An endophytic fungus MOD-1 was isolated from the roots of mulberry trees,and was identified as Macrophomina phaseolina by morphology and molecular biology.The 5.8 S rDNA/ITS region sequence of the strain has been regi... 详细信息

关键词： Macrophomina phaseolina Morphological identification Molecular biological identification

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Effects of Different Alkaloids in Coptis chinensis on Inhibiting TGEV Proliferation

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Medicinal Plant 2023年第3期14卷 15-17页

作者： Maixun ZHU Hongmei TANG Shaoqin ZHAI Lizhi FU Xiaolong DENG Zengjia LIU Chongqing Academy of animal Sciences Rongchang 402460China National center of Technology Innovation for Pigs Rongchang 402460China Pengshui Miao&Tujia Autonomous county Livestock development center Pengshui 409600China Wuxi county animal husbandry and Veterinary Management Service center Wuxi 405800China

[Objectives]To study the effects of different alkaloids in Coptis chinensis on inhibiting the proliferation of Transmissible gastroenteritis virus(TGEV).[Methods]The components and content of the main alkaloids in the extract of C.chinensis were analyzed.The main alkaloids were selected as drugs to inhibit the proliferation of TGEV.The maximum non-toxic concentration of Columbamine,Jatrorrhizine,Epiberberine,Coptisine,Palmatine,and Berberine was screened.The protective rate of each drug on TGEV-infected ST cells was determined,and the transcriptional inhibitory effect of the drug on TGEV N gene was detected by fluorescent quantitative PCR.[Results]The extract of C.chinensis mainly contains 6 alkaloids:Columbamine,Jatrorrhizine,Epiberberine,Coptisine,Palmatine,and Berberine,accounting for 2.03%,8.88%,9.21%,15.07%,14.63%,and 50.18%,respectively.In the range of the safe concentration,Jatrorrhizine,Palmatine,and Coptisine had better protective effects on ST cells infected with TGEV;compared with the Columbamine group,the cell protection rate was significantly different(P<0.05);compared with the Berberine group,the difference was extremely significant(P<0.01).The Coptisine and Palmatine groups had significant inhibitory effects on the transcription of TGEV N gene,and the difference was extremely significant compared with the virus group(P<0.05).[Conclusions]Jatrorrhizine and Palmatine in C.chinensis are the main components to inhibit the proliferation of TGEV.

关键词： Extract of Coptis chinensis Alkaloids Transmissible gastroenteritis virus(TGEV) ST cells

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Investigation on the Growth and development of Muscle Fibers in Black Goat Lambs

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Agricultural Biotechnology 2022年第2期11卷 58-61,65页

作者： Lin ZHANG Shengxia BAI Quzhe EMU Feng XU Jingsheng FAN Xuemei LI Bo LI Bin ZHANG Chunmei LI Chaorui XIONG Sichuan Key Laboratory of animal Genetic Breeding Sichuan Academy of Animal Husbandry ScienceChengdu 610066China Guanghan Agricultural and Rural Bureau Guanghan 618399China Agricultural and Rural Bureau of Beichuan Qiang Autonomous county Beichuan 622750China Rong county Breeding Industry Service center Rong County 643100China Fushun animal husbandry and Veterinary Technology Promotion center Fushun 643200China

[Objectives]This study was conducted to analyze and study the growth and development of muscle fibers at different stages,so as to provide a theoretical basis for subsequent research on developmental biology and nutritional regulation.[Methods]The body weights of black goat lambs in groups at different month age(0-6 months old)were recorded,and the diameter,area and number of muscle fibers were measured by tissue section and hematoxylin-eosin staining.The curves of body weight and muscle fiber growth and development of black goat lambs were drawn.[Results]The black goat lambs maintained a high absolute growth intensity of 2.95-4.35 kg/30 d throughout the rearing cycle,and the body weight continued to increase significantly,while the relative growth coefficient decreased from 93.05%at the age of 30 d to 13.83%at the age of 180 d.The diameter and area of muscle fibers in black goat lambs showed obvious"three-stage"growth and development characteristics,and showed different trends of gender advantages in different stages.[Conclusions]This study will help to further optimize the key supporting technologies for production and promote the diversified and comprehensive development of the mutton sheep industry in Sichuan Province.

关键词： Black goat lamb Muscle fiber Growth and development Law

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Technical Measures for High Quality and High Yield of Free-range Sows in Rural Areas

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Asian Agricultural Research 2021年第5期13卷 40-42,47页

作者： Xingli WANG animal husbandry development Promotion center of Linshu county Linyi 276700 China

Today,with the rapid development of modern and large-scale pig industry,free-range pig farming is still an important part of the breeding industry.Different from large-scale pig farms,there are many shortcomings in feeding management,pig disease prevention and control and so on for small-scale farmers.In the long-term clinical diagnosis and production practice,it is found that sows raised by small-scale farmers often have some problems,such as non-estrus,repeated infertility and"false pregnancy",weak farrowing,stillbirth,and postpartum piglet death.This paper makes a comprehensive analysis on the performance and etiology of the above-mentioned free-range sows,and puts forward the corresponding prevention and control measures,in order to provide a theoretical basis for the feeding and management of rural free-range sows.

关键词： Free-range sows High quality High yield Etiological analysis Control measures

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Infection of sheep by Echinococcus multilocularis in Gansu,China:evidence from mitochondrial and nuclear DNA analysis

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Infectious Diseases of Poverty 2023年第4期12卷 107-107页

作者： Nigus Abebe Shumuye Li Li Wen-Hui Li Nian-Zhang Zhang Yan-Tao Wu Yao-Dong Wu Wen-Jun Tian Lin-Sheng Zhang Xiao-Feng Nian Guo-Dong Dai Wei-Gang Chen Sheng-Zhi Gao Xue-Qi Tian Jun-Shi Liu Bin Li Nigatu Kebede Bao-Quan Fu Hong-Bin Yan Wan-Zhong Jia State Key Laboratory for animal Disease Control and Prevention College of Veterinary Medicine National Para-Reference Laboratory for Animal Echinococcosis Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute Lanzhou University Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Lanzhou China Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine and Epidemiology Mekelle University College of Veterinary Sciences Kalamino Campus Mekelle Ethiopia Gansu animal Centre for Disease Control and Prevention Lanzhou China Jingyuan county animal Centre for Disease Control and Prevention Jingyuan County Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Technical Service Center Jingyuan China Aklilu Lemma Institute of Pathobiology Addis Ababa University Addis Ababa Ethiopia Jiangsu Co-Innovation center for Prevention and Control of Important animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses Yangzhou China

BackgroundIn the normal life cycle of the parasite(Echinococcus multilocularis)that causes alveolar echinococcosis,domestic and wild carnivores act as definitive hosts,and rodents act as intermediate hosts.The presented study contributes to the research on the distribution and transmission pattern of E.multilocularis in China having identified sheep as an unusual intermediate host taking part in the domestic transmission of alveolar echinococcosis in Gansu Province,China.MethodsFrom 2020 to 2021,nine whitish different cyst-like were collected from the liver of sheep in Gansu Province for examination.A near complete mitochondrial(mt)genome and selected nuclear genes were amplified from the cyst-like lesion for identification.To confirm the status of the specimen,comparative analysis with reference sequences,phylogenetic analysis,and network analysis were performed.ResultsThe isolates displayed≥98.87%similarity to E.multilocularis NADH dehydrogenase sub-unit 1(nad1)(894 bp)reference sequences deposited in GenBank.Furthermore,amplification of the nad4 and nad2 genes also confirmed all nine samples as E.multilocularis with>99.30%similarity.Additionally,three nuclear genes,pepck(1545 bp),elp-exons VII and VIII(566 bp),and elp-exon IX(256 bp),were successfully amplified and sequenced for one of the isolates with 98.42%similarity,confirming the isolates were correctly identified as E.multilocularis.Network analysis also correctly placed the isolates with other E.multilocularis.ConclusionsAs a result of the discovery of E.multilocularis in an unusual intermediate host,which is considered to have the highest zoonotic potential,the result clearly demonstrated the necessity for expanded surveillance in the area.

关键词： Echinococcus multilocularis China Sheep Liver Phylogeny

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Research Progress on Diagnosis and Treatment of Bovine Mastitis

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Asian Agricultural Research 2020年第10期12卷 65-67页

作者： Jia YAO Dacai PENG Zhengmei CHENG Ya'an animal husbandry development center Ya'an 625000China Agricultural and Rural Bureau of Yingjing county Yingjing 625200China

Bovine mastitis is a common disease of dairy cows,andit is the main reason for the economic loss of dairy industry.This paper reviews the types,etiology,diagnosis,prevention and treatment of bovine mastitis,in order t... 详细信息

关键词： Bovine mastitis Etiology Diagnosis Prevention and treatment

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