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A Case Study of Cloud-to-Ground lightning Activities in Hailstorms under Cold Eddy Synoptic Situation

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Acta meteorologica Sinica 2006年第4期20卷 489-499页

作者：冯桂力郄秀书袁铁周筠珺 lightning protection Center of Shandong Province Institute of Atmospheric Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Cold and Arid Regions Environmental and Engineering research Institute Chinese Academy of Sciences

There were three hailstorms in Shandong Province, caused by a same northeast cold eddy situation on 1 June 2002. Cloud-to-ground （CG） flashes occurring in the weather event were observed by Shandong lightning detection Network （SLDN）, which consists of 10 sensors covering all over Shandong Province. The temporal and spatial distributions of CG lightning are investigated for the three hailstorms by using the data from SLDN, Doppler radar and satellite. The results show that different thunderstorms present different lightning features even if under the same synoptic situation. The percentage of positive CG lightning is very high during the period of hail falling. CG flashes mainly occurred in the region with a cloud top brightness temperature lower than -50℃. Negative CG flashes usually clustered in the lower temperature region and tended to occur in the region with maximum temperature gradient, while the positive ones usually spread discretely. Negative CG flashes usually occurred in intense echo regions with reflectivity greater than 50 dBz, while the positive CG flashes often occurred in weak and stable echo regions （10-30 dBz） or cloud anvils, although they can be observed in strong convective regions sometimes. Almost all haft falling took place in the stage with active positive flashes, and the peak positive flash rate is a little prior to the hail events. The thunderstorm could lead to disastrous weather when positive CG lightning activities occur in cluster. Severe thunderstorms sometimes present a low flash rate at its vigorous stage, which is probably caused by the ＂mechanism of chargeregion lift＂ through investigating the reflectivity evolution. Combined with the total lightning （intracloud and CG） data obtained by LIS onboard TRMM, the phenomenon of high ratio of intracloud flash to CG flash in severe hailstorm has been discussed. The competition of the same charge sources between different lightning types can also be helpful for explaining the cause of lo

关键词： hailstorm cloud-to-ground (CG) lightning echo intensity brightness temperature distribution characteristics

Study on the Scope of Small Amplitude of Cloud-to-ground lightning in lightning Weather Monitoring

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Meteorological and Environmental research 2014年第3期5卷 7-10,15页

作者： Luan Jian Wang Xing Wang Peng Nie Yang Wang Yue Tan Wei Liaoning lightning protection Technical Service Center Liaoning lightning protection Engineering Co. Ltd.

Based on lightning location data in Chongqing region during 1999-2008,the frequency of lightning in various amplitude ranges and its annual variations were analyzed ***,with the aid of matlab mathematical software,the distribution of the lightning location data was fitted using logarithmic normal distribution *** results showed that after data of cloud-to-ground lightning with current amplitude from-5 to5 kA were deleted from lightning location data,the statistical characteristics of cloud-to-ground lightning could be reflected ***,lightning with current amplitude from-5 to 5 kA accounted for 1.05%（less than 2%）,which accorded with the detection principle of lightning position indicator（there existed error detection）.Therefore,cloud-to-ground lightning with current amplitude of-5-5 kA in lightning location data of Chongqing region was defined as small amplitude of cloud-to-ground lightning,which could provide scientific references for the processing of lightning location data in Chongqing region as well as analysis and quality control of lightning location data in other regions.

关键词： lightning location system Quality control Small amplitude Cloud-to-ground lightning Logarithmic normal distribution China

detection Situation and Improvement of lightning Monitoring Network in Guizhou Province

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Meteorological and Environmental research 2015年第2期6卷 10-12页

作者： Wu Ankun Ding Min Zhang Shuxia Guizhou lightning protection and Disaster Reduction Center College of Atmospheric Sciences Chengdu University of Information Technology

Based on lightning location data of lightning monitoring network in Guizhou Province in recent eight years,the effective detection radius of a station and the effective detection range of lightning monitoring network in Guizhou Province were analyzed. The results show that the effective detection radius of a lightning monitoring sub-station in Guizhou Province is 160 km; some counties in the southwest,northwest and northeast of Guizhou were not detected. To improve the detector efficiency of lightning monitoring network in Guizhou Province,it is suggested that nine sub-stations should be built in Weining,Shuicheng,Qinglong,Pingtang,Rongjiang,Yuping,Songtao,Tongren and Renhuai,so that the effective detection efficiency will reach more than 95%.

关键词： lightning monitoring network detection radius detection efficiency China

Virome identification in wheat in the Czech Republic using small RNA deep sequencing

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2020年第7期19卷 1825-1833页

作者： Khushwant SINGH Jana JAROSOVA Jan FOUSEK CHEN Huan Jiban Kumar KUNDU Plant Virus and Vector Interactions Group Division of Crop Protection and Plant HeatthCrop Research InstitutePrague 16106Czech Republic Zhejiang Tianke High-Technology Development Co. Ltd.Hangzhou 310012P.R.China

High-throughput deep-sequencing technology and bioinformatics analysis of the small RNA(sRNA)population isolated from plants allows universal virus detection and complete virome reconstruction for a given *** the present sRNA deep-sequencing analysis of virus-infected wheat samples in the Czech Republic,samples were firstly tested for barley yellow dwarf viruses(BYDVs),wheat streak mosaic virus(WSMV)and wheat dwarf virus(WDV)using ELISA,RT-PCR and *** sRNA sequencing of these samples yielded more than^60 million single-end 50-bp reads with high confidence for nine field samples of ***,16.5%of reads were virus-specific and 83.5%were mapped to the *** 21-nt reads(-7.7E+06 reads)were found than 24-nt(~6.20E+06 reads)or 22-nt(-4.30E+06 reads)*** novo assembly of the high-quality contigs revealed the presence of three earlier repoted viruses in the Czech Republic:BYDVs(31.48%),WSMV(24.23%)and WDV(2666%).We also showed the presence of cereal yellow dwarf virus(14.33%;two species CYDV-RPS and CYDV-RPV family Luteoviridae/Polerovirus)and wheat yellow dwarf virus(WYDV,3.30%;Luteoviridae).Phylogenetic analysis showed CYDV and WYDV grouped separately from ***,several recombination breakpoints were found among the groups of yellow dwarf viruses(BYDVs,CYDV,and WYDV).Using RNA deep sequencing,we confirmed the presence of the three known viruses(BYDVs,WSMV,and WDV)and the first record of two species of CYDV and WYDV in wheat in the Czech Republic.

关键词： NGS sRNA BYDVs CYDV WSMV WYDV WDV

A Review of Atmospheric Electricity research in China

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2015年第2期32卷 169-191页

作者： QIE Xiushu ZHANG Yijun YUAN Tie ZHANG Qilin ZHANG Tinglong ZHU Baoyou LU Weitao MA Ming YANG Jing ZHOU Yunjun FENG Guili Key Laboratory of Middle Atmosphere and Global Environment Observation Institute of Atmospheric PhysicsChinese Academy of Sciences Laboratory of lightning Physics and protection Engineering Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences College of Atmospheric Science Lanzhou University College of Atmospheric Physics Nanjing University of Information Technology Laboratory for Climate Environment and Disasters of Western China Cold and Arid Regions Environmental and Engineering Research Institute Chinese Academy of Sciences School of Earth and Space Sciences University of Science and Technology of China College of Atmospheric Sciences Chengdu University of Information Technology Shandong research Institute of Meteorology

The importance of atmospheric electricity research has been increasingly recognized in recent decades. research on atmospheric electricity has been actively conducted since the 1980 s in China. lightning physics and its effects, as important branches of atmospheric electricity, have received more attention because of their significance both in scientific research and lightning protection applications. This paper reviews atmospheric electricity research based primarily on ground-based field experiments at different regions in China in the last decade. The results described in this review include physics and effects of lightning, rocket-triggered lightning and its physical processes of discharge, thunderstorm electricity on the Tibetan Plateau and its surrounding areas, lightning activity associated with severe convective storms, the effect and response of lightning to climate change, numerical simulation of thunderstorm electrification and lightning discharge, lightning detection and location techniques, and transient luminous events above thunderstorms.

关键词： atmospheric electricity lightning physics rocket-triggered lightning thunderstorm charge structure lightning location techniques

Construction Technology of lightning protection Devices in Building Electrical Installation Engineering

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Journal of Electronic research and Application 2024年第1期8卷 22-27页

作者： Xuhong Du China Institute for Radiation protection Taiyuan 030006Shanxi ProvinceChina

To better improve the electrical safety of buildings and fulfill the role of lightning protection and grounding,this article combines cases and discusses seven aspects of lightning protection devices’construction *** aspects include the lightning protection classification of buildings,air terminals,down conductors,grounding devices,division of lightning protection zones,and lightning electromagnetic pulse *** the introduction of this article,readers can gain a comprehensive understanding of the application and value of lightning protection grounding construction technology in building electrical installation projects.

关键词： Building electrical Installation engineering lightning protection grounding

Molecular diagnosis and direct quantification of cereal cyst nematode(Heterodera filipjevi) from field soil using TaqMan real-time PCR

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2023年第8期22卷 2591-2601页

作者： JIAN Jin-zhuo HUANG Wen-kun KONG Ling-an JIAN Heng Sulaiman ABDULSALAM PENG De-liang PENG Huan State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests Institute of Plant ProtectionChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijing 100193P.R.China Key Laboratory of Plant Pathology of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs College of Plant ProtectionChina Agricultural UniversityBeijing100193P.R.China division of Agricultural Colleges/Department of Crop protection Ahmadu Bello UniversityZaria 810107Nigeria

Heterodera filipjevi continues to be a major threat to wheat production *** detection and quantification of cyst nematodes are essential for more effective control against this nematode *** the present study,a TaqManminor groove binder(TaqMan-MGB)probe-based fluorescence quantitative real-time PCR(qPCR)was successfully developed and used for quantifying *** from DNA extracts of *** primers and probe designed from the obtained RAPD-SCAR marker fragments of *** showed high specificity to *** using DNA from isolatesconfirmed species of 23 Heterodera spp.,1 Globodera *** 3 Pratylenchus *** qPCR assay is highly sensitive and provides improved *** detection sensitivity of as low as 4^(-3) single second-stage juvenile(J2)DNAs,10^(-3) female DNAs,and 0.01μgμL^(-1) genomic DNAs.A standard curve relating to the threshold cycle and log values of nematode numbers was generated and validated from artificially infested soils and was used to quantify *** in naturally infested field *** was a high correlation between the *** numbers estimated from 32 naturally infested field soils by both conventional methods and the numbers quantified using the qPCR *** potentially provides a useful platform for the efficient detection and quantification of *** directly from field soils and to quantify this species directly from DNA extracts of field soils.

关键词： cereal cyst nematode Heterodera filipjevi molecular diagnosis quantification TaqMan real-time PCR

Selection and Characterization for Corrosion Control

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Acta Metallurgica Sinica(English Letters) 2017年第4期30卷 I0001-I0002页

作者： guang-ling song ajit mishra college of materials state key laboratory of physical chemistry of solid surfacesmarine materials corrosion and protection research center at xiamen university overseas corrosion&protection society of china university of queensland haynes international us in the research&technology division nace stg 36 nace teg 407x

In a recent study by the National Association of Corrosion Engineers （NACE）, the global cost of corrosion was estimated to be US$ 2.5 trillion, equivalent to 3.4% of the global Gross Domestic Product [htto：//***/]. The prevention practices could save between study found that implementing the best corrosion 15%-35% of the cost of damage. One of the important measures to reduce the corrosion damage is using an appropriate material. Selection of a suitable material according to corrosivity of the service environment is essentially important in battle against industrial corrosion. Corrosion detection, damage characterization and surface analysis are critical approaches to fundamental understanding of the root cause and detailed mechanism of corrosion. They lay a foundation for prevention and mitigation of material corrosion in service environments. A technical breakthrough in these fields may result in significantly widened applications of traditional and emerging materials.

关键词： this Selection and Characterization for Corrosion Control

Arsenic speciation in freshwater fish:challenges and research needs

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Food Quality and Safety 2023年第3期7卷 383-407页

作者： Karen S.Hoy Tetiana Davydiuk Xiaojian Chen Chester Lau Jordan R.M.Schofield Xiufen Lu Jennifer A.Graydon Ruth Mitchell Megan Reichert X.Chris Le Department of Chemistry University of AlbertaEdmontonAlbertaCanada division of Analytical and Environmental Toxicology Department of Laboratory Medicine and PathologyFaculty of Medicine and DentistryUniversity of AlbertaEdmontonAlbertaCanada Alberta Health Health Protection BranchEdmontonAlbertaCanada

Food and water are the main sources of human exposure to *** is important to determine arsenic species in food because the toxicities of arsenic vary greatly with its chemical *** research has focused on high concentrations of arsenic species in marine *** concentrations of arsenic species in freshwater fish are much lower,and their determination presents analytical *** this review,we summarize the current state of knowledge on arsenic speciation in freshwater fish and discuss challenges and research *** samples are typically homogenized,and arsenic species are extracted using water/methanol with the assistance of sonication and enzyme *** species in the extracts are commonly separated using high-performance liquid chromatography(HPLC)and detected using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry(ICPMS).Electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry,used in combination with HPLC and ICPMS,provides complementary information for the identification and characterization of arsenic *** methods and perspectives discussed in this review,covering sample preparation,chromatography separation,and mass spectrometry detection,are directed to arsenic speciation in freshwater fish and applicable to studies of other food *** progress made in arsenic speciation analysis,a large fraction of the total arsenic in freshwater fish remains *** is challenging to identify and quantify arsenic species present in complex sample matrices at very low *** research is needed to improve the extraction efficiency,chromatographic resolution,detection sensitivity,and characterization capability.

关键词： Arsenic species environment food consumption freshwater fish human exposure identification of unknowns liquid chromatography mass spectrometry