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evolutionary mechanisms and practical significance of reproductive success and clonal diversity in unisexual vertebrate polyploids

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Science China(Life Sciences) 2024年第3期67卷 449-459页

作者： Meng Lu Li Zhou Jian-Fang Gui State key laboratory of Freshwater ecology and Biotechnology Hubei Hongshan Laboratorythe Innovation Academy of Seed DesignInstitute of HydrobiologyChinese Academy of SciencesWuhan 430072China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China

Unisexual reproduction is generally relevant to polyploidy, and unisexual vertebrates are often considered an evolutionary “dead end” due to the accumulation of deleterious mutations and absence of genetic diversity. However, some unisexual polyploids have developed strategies to avoid genomic decay, and thus provide ideal models to unveil unexplored evolutionary mechanisms, from the reproductive success to clonal diversity creation. This article reviews the evolutionary mechanisms for overcoming meiotic barrier and generating genetic diversity in unisexual vertebrates, and summarizes recent research advancements in the polyploid Carassius complex. Gynogenetic gibel carp(Carassius gibelio) is a unique amphitriploid that has undergone a recurrent autotriploidy and has overcome the bottleneck of triploid sterility via gynogenesis. Recently, an efficient strategy in which ploidy changes, including from amphitriploid to amphitetraploid, then from amphitetraploid to novel amphitriploid, drive unisexual-sexual-unisexual reproduction transition and clonal diversity has been revealed.Based on this new discovery, multigenomic reconstruction biotechnology has been used to breed a novel strain with superior growth and stronger disease resistance. Moreover, a unique reproduction mode that combines both abilities of ameiotic oogenesis and sperm-egg fusion,termed as ameio-fusiongensis, has been discovered, and it provides an efficient approach to synthesize sterile allopolyploids. In order to avoid ecological risks upon escape and protect the sustainable property rights of the aquaculture seed industry, a controllable fertility biotechnology approach for precise breeding is being developed by integrating sterile allopolyploid synthesis and gene-editing techniques.This review provides novel insights into the origin and evolution of unisexual vertebrates and into the attempts being made to exploit new breeding biotechnologies in aquaculture.

关键词： unisexual vertebrates polyploidy reproduction transition clonal diversity precise breeding genomic reconstruction controllable fertility

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Europe vs.China:Pholcus(Araneae,Pholcidae)from Yanshan-Taihang Mountains confirms uneven distribution of spiders in Eurasia

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Zoological Research 2022年第4期43卷 532-534页

作者： Ying Lu Chang Chu Xiao-Qing Zhang Shu-Qiang Li Zhi-Yuan Yao College of Life Science Shenyang Normal UniversityShenyangLiaoning 110034China Institute of Zoology Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China liaoning key laboratory of evolution and Biodiversity ShenyangLiaoning 110034China liaoning key laboratory for biological evolution and agricultural ecology ShenyangLiaoning 110034China

DEAR EDITOR,Morphological and molecular data were used to study 35 species of the Pholcus phungiformes species group from the Yanshan-Taihang Mountains in China.The uneven distribution pattern of spiders in Eurasia is discussed,with a focus on Europe and China.Europe covers approximately 10.18 million km2 in western Eurasia,while China covers about 9.6 million km2 in the east.Due to their relative positions to each other and similar land areas,spider species richness in Europe and China is comparable(Li,2020).

关键词： China distribution Mountains

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Tip of the iceberg:species diversity of Pholcus spiders(Araneae,Pholcidae)in the Changbai Mountains,Northeast China

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Zoological Research 2021年第3期42卷 267-271页

作者： Zhi-Yuan Yao Xiang Wang Shu-Qiang Li College of Life Science Shenyang Normal UniversityShenyangLiaoning 110034China Institute of Zoology Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China liaoning key laboratory of evolution and Biodiversity ShenyangLiaoning 110034China liaoning key laboratory for biological evolution and agricultural ecology ShenyangLiaoning 110034China

Despite 250 years of taxonomic classification and over 1.2 million species already catalogued,known species diversity is only a small part of true species diversity on Earth,and thus,the known species are only the tip of iceberg.Here,we investigated the genus Pholcus Walckenaer,1805 of the family Pholcidae C.L.Koch,1850 in the Changbai Mountains,Northeast China,which provides an excellent case of high species diversity.Previously,only 14 endemic Pholcus spiders,all belonging to the P.phungiformes species group,and two introduced species P.manueli Gertsch,1937 and P.zichyi Kulczyński,1901 from the P.crypticolens species group,have been recorded from this area.Our study confirmed 11 new species of the P.phungiformes species group based on morphology and three methods of molecular species delimitation:P.gaizhou Yao&Li,sp.nov.,P.guanshui Yao&Li,sp.nov.,P.jiguanshan Yao&Li,sp.nov.,P.longxigu Yao&Li,sp.nov.,P.luoquanbei Yao&Li,sp.nov.,P.shenshi Yao&Li,sp.nov.,P.tianmenshan Yao&Li,sp.nov.,P.wangjiang Yao&Li,sp.nov.,P.xingqi Yao&Li,sp.nov.,P.yaoshan Yao&Li,sp.nov.,and P.yuhuangshan Yao&Li,sp.nov.This study brings the fauna of the P.phungiformes species group from the Changbai Mountains to 25 species,approximately two times more than previously known,which could indicate that species diversity in the area is underestimated for all arthropod fauna.

关键词： sp.nov. Northeast Mountains

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Microbial community coexisting with harmful alga Karenia mikimotoi and microbial control of algal bloom in laboratory

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Journal of Oceanology and Limnology 2022年第3期40卷 1027-1038页

作者： Li SUN Peike GAO Yu LI Chao WANG Ning DING Junfeng CHEN Yuhao SONG Chunchen LIU Lun SONG Renjun WANG College of Life Sciences Qufu Normal UniversityQufu 273165China key laboratory of Marine biological Resources and ecology Liaoning Ocean and Fisheries Science Research InstituteDalian 116023China

Algicidal bacteria have been frequently isolated from algal blooming areas.However,knowledge regarding the microbial communities coexisting with microalgae and their potential application in preventing harmful algal blooms(HABs)is limited.In this study,we investigated the composition of the microbial community coexisting with harmful alga Karenia mikimotoi and its responses to algal control via nutrient stimulation or by adding algicidal strain in microcosms.The microorganisms inhabiting the K.mikimotoi culture consisted of 24 identifi ed phyla,including dominant Proteobacteria(relative abundance 76.24%±7.28%)and Bacteroidetes(22.67%±8.32%).Rhodobacteraceae,Phaeodactylibacter,and Maritimibacter predominated during the algal cultivation.Both the added nutrient and fermentation broth of algicidal strain Pseudoalteromonas QF1 caused a massive death of K.mikimotoi and substantial changes in the coexisting microbial community,in which Rhodobacteraceae and Phaeodactylibacter signifi cantly decreased,while Halomonas and Alteromonas increased.Core operational taxonomic units(OTUs)analysis indicated that 13 OTUs belonging to Rhodobacteraceae,Maritimibacter,Marivita,Nisaea,Phaeodactylibacter,Citreicella,Halomonas,Alteromonas,Marinobacter,Muricauda,and Pseudoalteromonas dominated the changes of the microbial communities observed in the K.mikimotoi culture with or without treatments.Collectively,this study indicated that microbial community inhabiting K.mikimotoi culture includes potential algicidal bacteria,and improves our knowledge about microbial community succession during biocontrol of K.mikimotoi via nutrient stimulation or by adding isolated algicidal strains.

关键词： Karenia mikimotoi microbial community nutrient stimulation algicidal bacteria Pseudoalteromonas

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Global change and biological invasions

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Journal of Plant ecology 2022年第3期15卷 425-428页

作者： Yu-Long Feng Daolin Du Mark van Kleunen liaoning key laboratory for biological Invasions and Global Changes College of Bioscience and BiotechnologyShenyang Agricultural UniversityShenyang 110866China School of the Environment and Safety Engineering Jiangsu UniversityZhenjiang 212013China Department of Biology University of KonstanzKonstanzGermany Zhejiang Provincial key laboratory of Plant evolutionary ecology and Conservation Taizhou UniversityTaizhou 318000China

Invasion by exotic species is one of the serious socio-economic,environmental and ecological problems currently faced by mankind.biological invasions have changed the species composition,structure and function of ecosystems,and are seriously threatening global biodiversity,economy and human health(Iqbal et al.2021;Wang et al.2020;Yang et al.2021;Zhao et al.2020;Zheng et al.2015).biological invasions have resulted in an economic loss of at least US$1.288 trillion over the past few decades worldwide(Diagne et al.2021).As a consequence of these far-reaching impacts,biological invasions have become a hot research topic in modern ecology,and attract major attention from international organizations,governments and scientists all over the world.

关键词： invasion consequence

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连续3年不同CO_(2)浓度下一种温带外来入侵植物和两种共存本地植物丛枝菌根真菌群落及侵染率

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Journal of Plant ecology 2022年第3期15卷 437-449页

作者： Xiu-Rong Lu Wei-Wei Feng Wen-Jun Wang Ji-Xin Chen Jian-Kun Sun Bo Qu Ming-Chao Liu Yu-Long Feng liaoning key laboratory for biological Invasions and Global Changes College of Bioscience and BiotechnologyShenyang Agricultural UniversityShenyangLiaoning 110866China

大气CO_(2)浓度升高等全球变化过程不仅能促进外来植物入侵,也能改变土壤丛枝菌根真菌(AMF)的群落结构,但我们并不清楚大气CO_(2)浓度升高促进外来植物入侵是否与其对外来入侵植物和本地植物AMF共生的影响有关。为回答这一问题,我们在... 详细信息

大气CO_(2)浓度升高等全球变化过程不仅能促进外来植物入侵,也能改变土壤丛枝菌根真菌(AMF)的群落结构,但我们并不清楚大气CO_(2)浓度升高促进外来植物入侵是否与其对外来入侵植物和本地植物AMF共生的影响有关。为回答这一问题,我们在环境和倍增CO_(2)浓度下连续3年栽培一年生外来入侵植物瘤突苍耳(Xanthium strumarium)与两种共存的一年生本地近缘植物,比较了AMF侵染率、土壤养分和土壤AMF群落组成的差异。研究结果表明,大气CO_(2)浓度升高只在少数情况下提高根系AMF侵染率,并且瘤突苍耳AMF侵染率的提高并不比本地种多。在环境CO_(2)浓度下,栽培第一年瘤突苍耳的AMF侵染侵染率显著高于两种本地植物;而栽培第二年和第三年与两种本地植物的差异不显著,因为两种本地植物的AMF侵染率随种植时间的增加而增加,而瘤突苍耳AMF侵染率受种植时间的影响较小。物种、CO_(2)浓度和种植时间对AMF侵染率的影响与它们对土壤养分和AMF群落的影响有关,土壤养分对AMF侵染率的影响可能比AMF群落组成的影响更大,因为后者也受土壤养分的影响。上述结果表明,与本地植物相比,入侵植物能更快地与AMF形成共生关系,有利于其适应和入侵新生境;在探究全球变化如大气CO_(2)浓度升高等对外来植物入侵的影响时,需要考虑AMF的影响和时间效应。

关键词：丛枝菌根真菌群落侵染率连年栽培 CO_(2)升高外来入侵植物土壤特性

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Spontaneous firing in olfactory bulb neurons of Bufo bufo gargarizans in and after hibernation

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Neural Regeneration Research 2011年第11期6卷 865-869页

作者： Chuancheng Liang Shaokang Bian Xia Peng Liwen Wang College of Chemistry and Life Science Shenyang Normal University Shenyang 110034 Liaoning Province China key laboratory of biological evolution and agricultural ecology Department of Education Shenyang 110034 Liaoning Province China Experiment Center Shenyang Normal University Shenyang 110034 Liaoning Province China

Microelectrode technique was used to record the spontaneous electrical activities of the neurons in olfactory bulb of the Bufo bufo gargarizans, both in hibernation and after hibemation. This study investigated the electrophysiological characteristics of amphibian olfactory bulb in the period of hibernation and after hibernation and its effects on the start of hibernation and spontaneous awakening. The research showed four forms of spontaneous firings： single spontaneous firing, burst spontaneous firing, irregular spontaneous firing and consecutive single spontaneous firing. The single spontaneous firing includes slow depolarized spontaneous firing and fast depolarized spontaneous firing, and the slow depolarized spontaneous firing occurs only during the hibernation period. In hibernation, the low amplitude and low frequency firing with a longer duration may be relevant to maintaining the tonicity of the central nervous system in toads that are in hibernation, and this kind of firing may also provide an excited basis for their arousal from hibernation. After hibernation, the amplitude and frequency of firing increase, but the firing duration gets shorter. This form of short-term firing, which may be a phenomenon of sensory neurons fast adapting, is one of the neuronal mechanisms for the arousal of hibernating animals.

关键词： hibernation after hibernation olfactory bulb Bufo bufo gargarizans spontaneous firing neural regeneration

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Sex determination mechanisms and sex control approaches in aquaculture animals

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Science China(Life Sciences) 2022年第6期65卷 1091-1122页

作者： Xi-Yin Li Jie Mei Chu-Tian Ge Xiao-Li Liu Jian-Fang Gui State key laboratory of Freshwater ecology and Biotechnology Hubei Hongshan LaboratoryThe Innovative Academy of Seed DesignInstitute of HydrobiologyChinese Academy of SciencesUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesWuhan 430072China College of Fisheries Hubei Hongshan LaboratoryHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhan 430070China College of biological and Environmental Sciences Zhejiang Wanli UniversityNingbo 315100China key laboratory of Tropical&Subtropical Fishery Resource Application&Cultivation of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Pearl River Fisheries Research InstituteChinese Academy of Fishery SciencesGuangzhou 510380China

Aquaculture is one of the most efficient modes of animal protein production and plays an important role in global food security.Aquaculture animals exhibit extraordinarily diverse sexual phenotypes and underlying mechanisms,providing an ideal system to perform sex determination research,one of the important areas in life science.Moreover,sex is also one of the most valuable traits because sexual dimorphism in growth,size,and other economic characteristics commonly exist in aquaculture animals.Here,we synthesize current knowledge of sex determination mechanisms,sex chromosome evolution,reproduction strategies,and sexual dimorphism,and also review several approaches for sex control in aquaculture animals,including artificial gynogenesis,application of sex-specific or sex chromosome-linked markers,artificial sex reversal,as well as gene editing.We anticipate that better understanding of sex determination mechanisms and innovation of sex control approaches will facilitate sustainable development of aquaculture.

关键词： sex determination sex control approach sexual dimorphism sex chromosome sex change reproduction strategy sex reversal

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Changes in vegetation and soil properties following 6 years of enclosure in riparian corridors

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Journal of Plant ecology 2020年第2期13卷 131-138页

作者： Di Wang Yi-Ran Zhang Yu-Long Feng Zhi Liu Bo Qu College of Plant protection Shenyang Agricultural UniversityShenyang 110016Liaoning ProvinceChina liaoning key laboratory for biological Invasions and Global Changes Shenyang Agricultural UniversityShenyang 110016Liaoning ProvinceChina liaoning Provincial key laboratory for Urban ecology Shenyang Academy of Environmental SciencesShenyang 110016Liaoning ProvinceChina State key laboratory of Urban and Regional ecology Research Center for Eco-Environmental SciencesChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100085China College of Bioscience and Biotechnology Shenyang Agricultural UniversityShenyang 110016Liaoning ProvinceChina

河岸带是维持生物多样性的重要生态系统之一。然而,由于过度放牧引起的植被消耗和过度开垦等人类活动的干扰,河岸带植被多样性和植被盖度受到严重的破坏,甚至威胁了河道的稳定性。围栏封育在退化草地生态系统修复中被广泛应用,但对退化... 详细信息

河岸带是维持生物多样性的重要生态系统之一。然而,由于过度放牧引起的植被消耗和过度开垦等人类活动的干扰,河岸带植被多样性和植被盖度受到严重的破坏,甚至威胁了河道的稳定性。围栏封育在退化草地生态系统修复中被广泛应用,但对退化河岸带植被群落和土壤性质的影响尚不明确。本研究的目的旨在明确围封的实施是否会促进河岸带植被群落的物种组成、物种丰富度和物种多样性恢复,土壤氧分如何随围封年限的增加而变化。辽河干流自2012年起被围栏封育管理,本研究在辽河干流河岸带沿岸设置了20个草本群落长期观测样地,记录了2012–2017年样地中植被高度、盖度和个体数量等参数用于物种丰富度和物种多样性的统计分析。同时,分别测定了2012年和2017年植被群落土壤氧分含量,验证了植被群落和土壤氧分对围封的反馈,研究了2012–2017年辽河干流河岸带的围栏封育对物种多样性和土壤氧分的影响。结果表明,随着围封年限的增加,辽河干流河岸带草本群落植被丰富度和多样性显著增加。物种组成方面,菊科植物的优势度显著增加,禾本科植物优势度显著下降。围封后植被群落的恢复和禁止耕作,加速了土壤中磷和钾的消耗,表现为显著降低,土壤有机质含量对围封的响应表现的相对滞后,并没有显著变化。综上所述,本研究为河岸带植被群落物种多样性、物种组成对围封的响应提供了新的见解。

关键词：草本植被优势种组成物种多样性辽河河岸带土壤性质生态恢复

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Fe-based catalysts for nitrogen reduction toward ammonia electrosynthesis under ambient conditions

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SusMat 2022年第3期2卷 214-242页

作者： Haiding Zhu Xuefeng Ren Xiaoxuan Yang Xingyou Liang Anmin Liu Gang Wu State key laboratory of Fine Chemicals School of Chemical EngineeringDalian University of TechnologyDalianLiaoningChina Department of Chemical and biological Engineering University at BuffaloThe State University of New YorkBuffaloNew YorkUSA School of Ocean Science and Technology Dalian University of TechnologyPanjinLiaoningChina

As one of the most important chemicals and carbon-free energy carriers,ammonia(NH3)has significant energy-related applications in industry and agriculture.Ninety percent of NH_(3) is produced by the Haber-Bosch process using high-purity N_(2) and H_(2) at high temperatures and pressures,which consumes about 1%of the total energy production and causes 1.4% of global CO_(2) emissions.The environmentally friendly electrochemical nitrogen reduction reaction(NRR)with low energy consumption is a promising alternative to the conventional Haber-Bosch process.However,the main issue is the low Faradaic efficiency and NH3 selectivity of electrochemical NRR,caused by inert nitrogen molecules and competitive hydrogen evolution reaction.As one of the cheapest and most abundant transition metals widely utilized in the Haber-Bosch process,the Fe element has presented the potential high performance for the electrochemical NRR.This article summarizes recent advances and research progress in non-noble Fe-based catalysts used for NH_(3) electrosynthesis.Various synthetic protocols,structure/morphology modification,performance improvement,and reaction mechanisms are comprehensively presented.Based on recent experimental and theoretical studies,we aim to illuminate the structure-property relationship and offer an excellent opportunity for engineering advanced Fe-based catalysts for nitrogen fixation.The most critical challenges and opportunities for Fe-based catalysts are also provided.This review would open up a promising avenue toward developing platinum-group-metal-free catalysts for electrochemical NRR applications in the future.

关键词： electrochemical NRR Faradic efficiency Fe-based catalysts NH_(3)production NH_(3)selectivity

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