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Hydrogen isotope composition of natural gases from the Tarim Basin and its indication of depositional environments of the source rocks

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Science China Earth Sciences 2008年第2期51卷 300-311页

作者： LIU QuanYou DAI JinXing LI Jian ZHOU QingHua Research Institute of petroleum exploration and Development PetroChinaBeijing 100083China Langfang Branch of Research Institute of petroleum exploration and Development PetroChinaLangfang 065007China

By measuring carbon and hydrogen isotope compositions for C1, C2 and C3 of 74 gas samples, natural gases from the Tarim Basin can be divided into six groups on the basis of their origins: (1) coal-type gas derived from coal measures; (2) coal-type gas generated from the T-J lacustrine mudstones; (3) oil-type gas derived from the Cambrian and low Ordovician marine source rocks; (4) oil-type gas from the source rocks deposited in the marine-transitional facies; (5) mixing gas between gas derived from the Carboniferous transitional source rocks and the Mesozoic humic gas, and (6) mixing gases of thermal genetic gas and little deep gas in the Southwest depression of the Tarim Basin. The δ D values of methane in natural gases originating from different type kerogens are affected by both palaeo-environments of the source rock formation (kerogen types) and thermal maturity, with sedimentary environment (kerogen type) as the main controlling factor. Under the similar thermal maturity, the hydrogen isotope composition of methane is more enriched in deuterium in marine environments than lacustrine one. With the increase of thermal maturity and the increase of carbon atomic numbers of gaseous alkanes, the hydrogen isotopes become enriched in deuterium. The δ D values of ethane and propane (δ D2, δ D3) are controlled mainly by thermal maturity and to a lesser degree by sedimentary environment of the source rock formation. The partial reversal of hydrogen isotopes for gaseous alkanes would be related to the microbial oxidation, mixing of sapropelic and humic gases and / or mixing of gases from similar kerogen sources with various thermal maturities. In the oil-type gas, the sulfate reduction reaction would result in the reversed order of δ D1 and δ D2 (e.g. δ D1>δ D2).

关键词： Tarim Basin hydrogen isotope sedimentary environment thermal maturity

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The Biomarkers in the Mesoproterozoic Organic-rich Rocks of North China Craton:Implication for the Precursor and Preservation of Organism in the Prokaryotic Realm

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Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 2022年第1期96卷 293-308页

作者： MA Sihong ZHANG Shuichang SU Jin WANG Xiaomei HE Kun FANG Yu MI Jingkui Key Laboratory of petroleum Geochemistry Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration and DevelopmentChina National Petroleum CorporationBeijing 100083China

Mesoproterozoic marine organic-rich rocks are widely distributed in the North China Craton,include the Gaoyuzhuang(GYZ),the Hongshuizhuang(HSZ),and the Xiamaling(XML)*** to the T;value and isomerisation ratio of C;homohopanes,the XML,HSZ,and GYZ samples were in low mature,mature and high mature stage,*** distribution in extractable organic matter(EOM)of three Mesoproterozoic organic-rock samples in different maturity were analysed to reveal the organic precursor and preservation pathway of in the Mesoproterozoic Combined with gold-tube pyrolysates of three Mesoproterozoic samples,it could further illuminate the chemical composition of Mesoproterozoic kerogen,given *** results indicated that the three formations were all deposited under reducing condition and their organic precursors mainly were some aquatic *** content of rearranged hopanes was detected in EOM of XML and HSZ samples,whereas they were relatively low in the high mature GYZ *** to that in EOM,the relative concentration of rearranged hopanes sharply decreased in the gold-tube pyrolysates of the XML kerogen,then slightly increased but was still significantly lower than the EOM of XML sample,which indicated that catalysis of clay minerals in the early diagenesis only changed the chemical composition of the unstable functional groups of the kerogen during the *** to the thriving heterotrophic microbes and low sink rate of particulate organic matter during the Mesoproterozoic,primary producers suffered extensive degradation during sinking process,only some resistant biopolymers lacking of lipid compounds survived from heterotrophic degradation,while heterotrophic microbes contained more proportion of organic *** pristane(Pr)and phytane(Ph)were only released in high mature stage because of the protection of the macromolecular structure of resistant biopolymers which prevented biomarkers from being altered by the

关键词： biomarker kerogen rearranged hopanes primary producer heterotrophic microbe Mesoproterozoic North China Craton

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Channel Sandstone Architecture Characterization by Seismic Simulation

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Journal of Earth Science 2019年第4期30卷 799-808页

作者： Hongwei Liang Xiaoqing Zhao Longxin Mu Zifei Fan Lun Zhao Shenghe Wu Research Institute of petroleum exploration and Development Beijing 100083China Geophysical Research Center Bureau of Geophysical Prospecting IncorporationCNPCBaoding 072751China College of Geosciences China University of PetroleumBeijing 102249China

To describe the distribution of sandstone reservoirs between wells finely,this paper takes the sandstone reservoir of Layer Nm II-4 in Qinhuangdao 32-6 Oilfield for example,and uses the seismic forward simulation and well loggings to study the channel sandstone reservoir. Under the guidance of the modern rivers and outcrops sandstone distribution pattern,the predicting limitations of the seismic forward simulation about channel sandstone boundaries such as mudstone interlayer between channel sandstone and elevation distance between adjacent channel sandstone are clear. The research shows that the mudstone interlayer can be described by seismic forward simulation seismic when the mudstone interlayer is thicker than 2 m and the channel sandstone is thicker than 10 m because of the appearance of the seismic peak when the main frequency of seismic data is nearly 60 Hz. And the elevation distance between adjacent channel sandstone can be described by the seismic forward simulation when elevation distance is longer than 6 m and the channel sandstone is thicker than 10 m because of the appearance of the seismic peak. And the seismic waveform features of single channel sandstone boundaries such as elevation distance between channels,overbank sandstone and abandoned channels. Under the study mentioned above,the single channel boundaries are described in Layer Nm II-4 of Qinhuangdao 32-6 Oilfield,and the predicting boundaries are confirmed by the chemical tracers. The results show that the channel sandstone reservoir architecture characterization can be improved by the seismic forward simulation.

关键词： architecture overbank sandstone seismic abandoned channel

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Temperature distribution of fluids in a two-section two-phase closed thermosyphon wellbore

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petroleum Science 2014年第2期11卷 287-292页

作者： Zhang Yufeng Zhao Lun Fan Zifei Wu Xiaodong Fu Libing Xu Bifeng Kong Fanshun Jiang Shengdong Research Institute of petroleum exploration & Development MOE Key Laboratory of petroleum Engineering China University of Petroleum School of Energy Resources China University of Geosciences exploration and Development Research Institute Petrochina Daqing Oilfield Company Northeast petroleum University

Compared with a conventional single section two-phase closed thermosyphon （TPCT） wellbore, a two-section TPCT wellbore has better heat transfer performance, which may improve the temperature distribution of fluid in wellbores, increase the temperature of fluid in wellheads and even more effectively reduce the failure rate of conventional TPCT wellbores. Heat transfer performance of two-section TPCT wellbores is affected by working medium, combination mode and oil flow rate. Different working media are introduced into the upper and lower TPCTs, which may achieve a better match between the working medium and the temperature field in the wellbores. Interdependence exists between the combination mode and the flow rate of the oil, which affects the heat transfer performance of a two-section TPCT wellbore. The experimental results show that a two-section TPCT wellbore, with equal upper and lower TPCTs respectively filled with Freon and methanol, has the best heat transfer performance when the oil flow rate is 200 L/h.

关键词： Two-section two-phase closed thermosyphon temperature distribution combination mode,heat transfer performance

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Mechanisms and solubility equations of gas dissolving in water

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Science China Chemistry 1996年第5期39卷 500-508页

作者：付晓泰王振平卢双舫 Department of exploration Daqing Petroleum Institute Anda 151400 China

The two mechanisms of gas dissolving in water, interstice filling and aquation, are proposed. General equations of gas solubility have been deduced from the mechanisms and experimental observations. Dependence of Henry’s coefficient on temperature, pressure, aquation equilibrium constant and gas molecular wlume is discussed. The theoretical equations were verified by experimental data, which shows that the theoretical results of the solubility of methane are in good agreement with the experimental data in the range of 20 -160℃ and under a pressure of less than 60 MPa.

关键词： gas methane dissolving mechanism equation of solubility.

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Natural Gas Types,Distribution Controlling Factors,and Future exploration in the Western Qaidam Basin

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Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 2014年第4期88卷 1214-1226页

作者： GUO Zeqing SUN Ping LI Jian ZHANG Lin LIU Weihong TIAN Jixian ZHANG Shaosheng ZENG Xu Langfang Branch Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration and DevelopmentCNPC

The Paleogene and Neogene oil and gas in the western Qaidam basin have a regular distribution in three concentric zones from the edge to the center of the basin. Natural gas mainly occurs in the inner zone, and the gas-oil ratio of the northern area of the basin is significantly higher than that of the southern area. Large amounts of carbon isotope data of natural gas, plotted in X- shaped and comprehensive identification diagrams for the southern area and northern area, respectively, were used to identify the types of natural gas. The large-scale distribution of natural gas is highly consistent with the Ro values of major source rocks, but is poorly correlated with the type of organic matter. This indicates that the main controlling factor of natural gas distribution is organic matter maturity, and the kerogen types act as the basis for the formation of different types of natural gas. Paleouplifts and squeezed anticlines near hydrocarbon generation depression centers, which are major natural gas-rich regions, control the migration directions of natural gas, while hydrocarbon migration pathways and fault systems connecting gas sources are the most important factors for natural gas reservoir formation in the inner basin. Therefore, favorable zones for natural gas distribution can be predicted on the basis of the distribution of thermal evolution and the gas generation intensity of major source rocks as well as the structural map. The Shizigou-Youshashan- Yingdong-Dawusi, Youquanzi -Kaitemilike - Youdunzi, and Xiaoliangshan - Nanyishan - Dafengshan structural belts are favorable zones for natural gas accumulation. This study has important theoretical and practical significance for future natural gas exploration.

关键词： western Qaidam basin natural gas types distributional characteristics main controlling factors maturity favorable zones

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Source and distribution of mercury in natural gas of major petroliferous basins in China

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Science China Earth Sciences 2020年第5期63卷 643-648页

作者： Quanyou LIU Weilong PENG Jian LI Xiaoqi WU State Key Laboratory of Shale Oil and Gas Enrichment Mechanisms and Effective Development Beijing 100083China Research Institute of petroleum exploration and Production SINOPECBeijing 100083China Research Institute of petroleum exploration and Development PetroChinaBeijing 100083China Research Center of exploration and Development in Sichuan Basin Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration and ProductionSINOPECChengdu 610041China

Based on the analysis of the natural gas samples of 146 wells from four major petroliferous basins of China,the source and distribution of mercury in natural gas in major petroliferous basins of China were *** have shown that the mercury concentration of natural gas in petroliferous basins of China varies widely,ranging from 0.01 to 4050μg/m^*** gas well with the highest mercury concentration is in the Xushen gas field in the Songliao *** mercury concentration in the craton basin is relatively low,and the secondary gas reservoir in the Tarim Basin has the lowest mercury *** the rift basin,due to the presence of deep faults which cut the basement and mixing effects of deep fluids,the mercury concentration in natural gas may be abnormally high,*** Xushen gas field in the Songliao *** relatively stable basins where deep and large faults do not develop,mercury is primarily of organic *** rift basins where deep fluids are mixed with gas reservoirs,mercury in natural gas may mainly come from the deep fluids and is characterized by abnormally high mercury concentration and R/Ra values.

关键词： Natural gas Mercury concentration Petroliferous basin Xushen gas field Deep fluids

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Factors that affect coseismic folds in an overburden layer

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Frontiers of Earth Science 2018年第1期12卷 17-23页

作者： Shaogang ZENG Yongen CAI Department of Geophysics Peking University Beijing 100871 China Deep Water exploration Group Research Institute CNOOC Nanhai East Petroleum Bureau Guangzhou 510200 China

Coseismic folds induced by blind thrust faults have been observed in many earthquake zones, and they have received widespread attention from geologists and geophysicists. Numerous studies have been conducted regarding fold kinematics; however, few have studied fold dynamics quantitatively. In this paper, we establish a conceptual model with a thrust fault zone and tectonic stress load to study the factors that affect coseismic folds and their formation mechanisms using the finite element method. The numerical results show that the fault dip angle is a key factor that controls folding. The greater the dip angle is, the steeper the fold slope. The second most important factor is the overburden thickness. The thicker the overburden is, the more gradual the fold. In this case, folds are difficult to identify in field surveys. Therefore, ifa fold can be easily identified with the naked eye, the overburden is likely shallow. The least important factors are the mechanical parameters of the overburden. The larger the Young＇s modulus of the overburden is, the smaller the displacement of the fold and the fold slope. Strong horizontal compression and vertical extension in the overburden near the fault zone are the main mechanisms that form coseismic folds.

关键词： ground deformation coseismic fold blindthrust fault finite element method

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Longitudinal distributions of two formation pathways of biogenic gases in continental deposits: A case study from Sebei 1 gas field in the Qaidam Basin, western China

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Science China Earth Sciences 2007年第2期50卷 221-227页

作者： SHUAI YanHua ZHANG ShuiChang ZHAO WenZhi SU AiGuo WANG HuiTong petroleum Geology Research and Central Laboratory Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration and DevelopmentBeijing 100083China

The distribution of two formation pathways of biogenic methane, acetate fermentation and reduction of CO2, has been extensively studied. In general, CO2 reduction is the dominate pathway in marine envi- ronment where acetate is relatively depleted because of SRB consuming. While in terrestrial freshwater or brackish environment, acetate fermentation is initially significant, but decreases with increasing buried depth. In this paper, character of biogenic gases is profiled in the XS3-4 well of the Sebei 1 gas field in the Sanhu depression, Qaidam Basin. It indicates that those two pathways do not change strictly with increasing buried depth. CO2 reduction is important near the surface (between 50 m and 160 m), and at the mesozone (between 400 and 1650 m). While acetate fermentation is the primary pathway at two zones, from 160 to 400 m and from 1650 to 1700 m. δ 13C of methane generated in those two acetate fermentation zones varies greatly, owing to different sediment circumstances. At the sec- ond zone (160-400 m), δ 13C1 ranges from ?65‰ to ?30‰ (PDB), because the main deposit is mudstone and makes the circumstance confined. At the fourth zone of the well bottom (1650-1700 m), δ 13C1 is lighter than ?65‰ (PDB). Because the deposit is mainly composed of siltstone, it well connects with outer fertile groundwater and abundant nutrition has supplied into this open system. The high con- centration of acetate is a forceful proof. δ 13C of methane would not turn heavier during fermentation, owing to enough nutrition supply. In spite of multi-occurrence of acetate fermentation, the commercial gas accumulation is dominated by methane of CO2-reduction pathway. A certain content of alkene gases in the biogenic gases suggests that methanogensis is still active at present.

关键词： biogenic gases carbon dioxide carbon isotopes hydrogen isotopes Qaidam Basin

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Radiolarian fauna found from Tieshidas Group in East Kunlun

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Chinese Science Bulletin 2000年第10期45卷 943-946页

作者： LI Yuejun JIA Chengzao HAO Jie WANG Zhaoming ZHENG Duoming PENG Gengxin Institute of Geology Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100029China Tarim petroleum exploration and Development bureau KorlaXinjiang 841000China

The Tieshidas Group in Qimantag, a branch of the East Kunlun Mountains, was classically considered the Caledonian basement, and classified into Middle-Upper Ordovician, Upper Ordovician or simply Lower Paleozoic. The radiolarian fauna was found, for the first time, from a chert block in the Tieshidas Group at Yaziquandaban (Pass) north to Ayakum Lake. They are Astroentactinia?mirousi Gourmelon, As. cf biaciculata Nazarov, Archocyrtium cf. diductum Deflandre, Ar. aff. diductum Deflandre, Deflandrellium? sp., Entactinia vulgaris Won, En. cf. additiva Foreman, En.? sp., Entactinosphaera palimbola Foreman, Pylentonema? sp., Triaenosphaera sp. and Tr.7 sp. The geological age of this radiolarian fauna is Early Carboniferous. Evidently, the classical interpretation about the age of Tieshidas Group needs to be checked and modified. Except the Ordovician proved with the formerly discovered fossils, it also includes, at least, Lower Carboniferous rocks. There was still an oceanic basin at Qimantag during Early

关键词： North Tibet East Kunlun Qimantag Tieshidas Group radiolarian Early Carboniferous.

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