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Evolution of particle number size distribution in an urban atmosphere during episodes of heavy pollution and new particle formation

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Science China Earth Sciences 2011年第11期54卷 1772-1778页

作者： WU ZhiJun, HU Min YUE DingLi Birgit WEHNER Alfred WIEDENSOHLER State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering Peking University Beijing 100871 China leibniz-lnstitutefor tropospheric research 04318 Leipzig Germany

This study discusses the evolution of particle number size distribution during episodes of heavy pollution and new particle formation in the urban atmosphere of Beijing to quantify the effects of dynamic processes (coagulation and condensation) on the particle number size *** a heavy-pollution event,an extremely low number concentration of 3-10 nm particles (on average 46 cm-3) was *** is because nucleation-mode particles were easily removed by strong coagulational scavenging of larger particles under this *** addition,a large condensation sink (on average 0.13 s-1) restrained nucleation,which is one of the major sources of nucleation-mode ***,during a new-particle formation event,the small condensation sink (0.01 s-1) of precursor facilitated *** the same time,preexisting particles had little ability to scavenge newly formed particles (around 1 nm) and allowed them to grow to a detectable size (larger than 3 nm currently).We suggest that the effects of dynamic processes (coagulation and condensation) on particle size distribution should be stressed under some extreme conditions of the relatively polluted urban atmosphere in addition to traffic and meteorological factors.

关键词： particle number size distribution new particle formation coagulation and condensation sinks

Size distribution and source of heavy metals in particulate matter on the lead and zinc smelting affected area

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2018年第9期30卷 188-196页

作者： Kai Zhang Fahe Chai Zilong Zheng Qing Yang Xuecai Zhong Khanneh Wadinga Fomba Guangzhu Zhou State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences Beijing 100022China College of Chemical and Environmental Engineering Shandong University of Science and Technology Qingdao 266590 China Zhuzhou Environment Monitoring Center Zhuzhou 412000 China leibniz-institute for tropospheric research (FROPOS) Leipzig 04318 Germany

In order to understand the size distribution and the main kind of heavy metals in particulate matter on the lead and zinc smelting affected area, particulate matter （PM） and the source samples were collected in Zhuzhou, Hunan Province from December 2011 to January 2012 and the results were discussed and interpreted. Atmospheric particles were collected with different sizes by a cascade impactor. The concentrations of heavy metals in atmospheric particles of different sizes, collected from the air and from factories, were measured using an inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry （ICP-MS）. The results indicated that the average concentration of PM, chromium （Cr）, arsenic （As）, cadmium （Cd） and lead （Pb） in PM was 177.3 ± 33.2 μg/m^3, 37.3 ± 8.8 ng/m^3, 17.3 ± 8.1 ng/m^3, 4.8 ± 3.1 ng/m^3 and 141.6 ± 49.1 ng/m^3, respectively. The size distribution of PM displayed a bimodal distribution; the maximum PM size distribution was at 1.1-2.1 μm, followed by 9-10 μm. The size distribution of As, cd and Pb in PM was similar to the distribution of the PM mass, with peaks observed at the range of 1.1-2.1 μm and 9-10 μm ranges while for Cr, only a single-mode at 4.7-5.8 μm was observed. PM （64.7%, As （72.5%）, cd （72.2%） and Pb （75.8%） were associated with the fine mode below 2.1 μm, respectively, while Cr （46.6%） was associated with the coarse mode. The size distribution characteristics, enrichment factor, correlation coefficient values, source information and the analysis of source samples showed that As, Cd and Pb in PM were the typical heavy metal in lead and zinc smelting affected areas, which originated mainly from lead and zinc smelting sources.

关键词： Atmospheric particulate matter Size distribution Heavy metals Pollution characteristics Lead and zinc smelting

A statistic comparison of multi-element analysis of low atmospheric fine particles(PM_(2.5)) using different spectroscopy techniques

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2022年第4期34卷 194-203页

作者： Minkang Zhi Kai Zhang Xi Zhang Hartmut Herrmann Jian Gao Khanneh Wadinga Fomba Wei Tang Yuqian Luo Huanhuan Li Fan Meng State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment Chinese Research Academy of Environmental SciencesBeijing 100012China Faculty of Environmental Engineering The University of Kitakyushu1-1 HibikinoWakamatsuKitakyushuFukuoka 808-0135Japan Atmospheric Chemistry Department(ACD) Leibniz-Institute for Tropospheric Research(TROPOS)Leipzig 04318Germany

Over the past few decades,the metal elements(MEs)in atmospheric particles have aroused great *** well-established techniques have been used to measure particlebound ***,each method has its own advantages and disadvantages in terms of complexity,accuracy,and specific elements of *** this study,the performances of inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometry(ICP-OES)and total reflection X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy(TXRF)were evaluated for quality control to analyze data accuracy and *** statistic methods(Deming regression and significance testing)were applied for intercomparison between ICP-OES and TXRF measurements for same lowloading PM_(2.5)samples in Weizhou *** results from the replicate analysis of standard filters(SRM 2783)and field filters samples indicated that 10 MEs(K,Ca,V,Cr,Mn,Fe,Ni,Cu,Zn,and Pb)showed good accuracies and precision for both *** higher accuracy tended to the higher precision in the MEs analysis *** addition,the interlab comparisons illustrated that V and Mn all had good agreements between ICP-OES and *** measurements of K,Cu and Zn were more reliable by TXRF analysis for low-loading PM_(2.5).ICP-OES was more accurate for the determinations for Ca,Cr,Ni and Pb,owing to the overlapping spectral lines and low sensitivity during TXRF *** measurements of Fe,influenced by low-loading PM_(2.5),were not able to determine which instrument could obtain more reliable *** conclusions could provide reference information to choose suitable instrument for the determination of MEs in low-loading PM_(2.5)samples.

关键词： Multielement analysis Low-loading fine particles Inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometry Total reflection X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy Inter-laboratory comparison

Modifications in aerosol physical, optical and radiative properties during heavy aerosol events over Dushanbe, Central Asia

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Geoscience Frontiers 2021年第6期12卷 299-312页

作者： Dipesh Rupakheti Maheswar Rupakheti Xiufeng Yin Julian Hofer Mukesh Rai Yuling Hu Sabur F.Abdullaev Shichang Kang State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Science Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and ResourcesChinese Academy of SciencesLanzhou 730000China institute for Advanced Sustainability Studies PotsdamGermany leibniz institute for tropospheric research LeipzigGermany Physical Technical institute of the Academy of Sciences of Tajikistan DushanbeTajikistan Center for Excellence in Tibetan Plateau Earth Sciences Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China

The location of Central Asia,almost at the center of the global dust belt region,makes it susceptible for dust *** studies on atmospheric impact of dust over the region are very limited despite the large area occupied by the region and its proximity to the mountain regions (Tianshan,Hindu Kush-KarakoramHimalayas,and Tibetan Plateau).In this study,we analyse and explain the modification in aerosols’physical,optical and radiative properties during various levels of aerosol loading observed over Central Asia utilizing the data collected during 2010–2018 at the AERONET station in Dushanbe,*** episodes were classified as strong anthropogenic,strong dust and extreme *** mean aerosol optical depth (AOD) during these three types of events was observed a factor of ~3,3.5 and 6.6,respectively,higher than the mean AOD for the period 2010–*** corresponding mean fine-mode fraction was 0.94,0.20 and 0.16,respectively,clearly indicating the dominance of fine-mode anthropogenic aerosol during the first type of events,whereas coarse-mode dust aerosol dominated during the other two types of *** was corroborated by the relationships among various aerosol parameters (AOD ***,and EAE ***,SSA and RRI).The mean aerosol radiative forcing (ARF) at the top of the atmosphere (ARF_(TOA)),the bottom of the atmosphere (ARF_(BOA)),and in the atmosphere (ARFATM) were -35±7,-73±16,and38±17 Wm^(-2)during strong anthropogenic events,-48±12,-85±24,and 37±15 Wm^(-2)during strong dust event,and -68±19,-117±38,and 49±21 Wm-2during extreme dust *** in aerosol loading enhanced the aerosol-induced atmospheric heating rate to 0.5–1.6 K day^(-1)(strong anthropogenic events),0.4–1.9 K day^(-1)(strong dust events) and 0.8–2.7 K day^(-1)(extreme dust events).The source regions of air masses to Dushanbe during the onset of such events are also *** study contributes to the understanding of dust and anthropogenic aerosols,in particular the extreme

关键词： Dust events Aerosol optical properties AERONET Dushanbe Central Asia

New particle formation in the high aerosol loading environment

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New particle formation in the high aerosol loading environme...

Underestimated contribution of HONO to indoor OH radicals: an emerging concern

第六届全国环境化学大会暨环境科学仪器与分析仪器展览会

作者： Wiedensohler A leibniz-institute for tropospheric research Germany 3Texas A&M University

New particle formation has been investigated in the high aerosol loading environments of China,such as Beijing and the region of Pearl River *** the case of long term measurement in Beijing, the occurrence frequency is comparable with less aerosol loading environment, whereas the monthly or seasonal variations indicate location dependency. Simultaneously measurements of gaseous precursors of HSO vapor and ammonia

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Science Bulletin 2018年第21期63卷 1383-1384页

作者： Xue Li Sasho Gligorovski Hartmut Herrmann institute of Mass Spectrometry and Atmospheric Environment Jinan UniversityGuangzhou 510632China State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry Guangzhou Institute of GeochemistryChinese Academy of SciencesGuangzhou 510640China School of Environmental Science and Engineering Shandong UniversityQingdao 266237China School of Environmental Sdence and Engineering Fudan UniversityShanghai 200433China Atmospheric Chemistry Department (ACD) Leibniz-lnstitute for Tropospheric Research (TROPOS)Permoserstr.1504318LeipzigGermany

For a long time,the hydroxyl (OH)radicals has attracted particular attention not only because it is the most important species in the photooxidation cycles in the atmosphere but also because it can oxidize volatile organic compounds (VOCs)to form secondary oxygenated gas species and aerosols,some of which can be toxic and *** most people spend 80%-90% of their life-time indoors,a better understanding of the formation,occurrence and reaction of OH radicals indoors is crucial to assess the potential impact on human ***,the secondary pollutants can be substantially reduced in indoor environments only with comprehensive knowledge of the oxidative chemistry and subsequent chains of chemical reactions that pollutants undergo.

关键词： Underestimated HONO VOCs

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云凝结核数浓度观测影响因子的实验室研究

北京大学学报（自然科学版） 2018年第4期54卷 699-704页

作者：陶江川赵春生马楠黄梦宇北京大学物理学院大气与海洋科学系北京100871 leibniz institute for tropospheric research Leipzig 04318 北京市人工影响天气办公室北京100089

气溶胶的云滴活化能力影响云的微物理特性,还表征气溶胶吸湿性的强弱。活化气溶胶(即云凝结核,Cloud Condensation Nuclei,CCN)的观测研究中的重要方法是CCN计数器(CCN Counter,CCNC)的应用。针对CCNC观测的影响因子进行了实验室研究。... 详细信息

气溶胶的云滴活化能力影响云的微物理特性,还表征气溶胶吸湿性的强弱。活化气溶胶(即云凝结核,Cloud Condensation Nuclei,CCN)的观测研究中的重要方法是CCN计数器(CCN Counter,CCNC)的应用。针对CCNC观测的影响因子进行了实验室研究。实验结果表明,CCNC所处的气压和设置的流量会对过饱和比产生等比例的影响,而进气温度可能导致非线性的影响。实验中发现当气压差超过300 h Pa时,CCNC气压调节装置会导致气溶胶的损失,且损失的比例随着压差的增大而增大。在气溶胶浓度超过10000个/cm3、过饱和比低于0.2%时,会出现对CCN数浓度的低估,可能是由于水汽消耗导致CCN无法全部活化而不能被CCNC观测。研究结果及给出的建议对CCN的观测有指导意义,同时有利于CCN数据的质量控制和分析工作。

关键词：云凝结核云凝结核计数器(CCNC) 过饱和比大气气溶胶

Lidar ratio of Asian haze and pollution episodes observed by using a Raman/elastic lidar

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Chinese Optics Letters 2012年第B06期10卷 1-4页

作者：陈臻懿刘文清张玉钧 Birgit Heese Key Laboratory of Environmental Optics and Technology Anhui Insititute of Optics and Fine Mechanics Hefei 230031 China institute of tropospheric research Leipzig Germany

A combined Raman/elastic backscatter lidar observations is carried out in the Pearl River Delta （PRD） China. The results show the largest lidar ratios of the order of 80 sr in the uplifting boundary layer in 2-3 km during the haze period. In the moderate pollution period, the lidar ratio has an average value of 58 sr. The Angstrom exponent exhibits high values around 1.82, indicating the presence of rather small particles. Different back air mass trajectories and the ambient atmospheric conditions are attributed to the distinct characteristics of aerosol optical properties in the haze and moderate pollution episodes. In the lower layer in the haze period, air masses are mostly advected from southeast coast China. In contrast, the air mass in the moderate pollution observing period passes through northwest China, indicating the combination of some pollution from the Tarim Basin in case of strong convection and the smoke from adjacent fire burning spot in PRD region.

关键词： 210.4770 Optical recording 180.1790 Confocal microscopy

Regional Warming by Black Carbon and tropospheric Ozone:A Review of Progresses and research Challenges in China

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Journal of Meteorological research 2015年第4期29卷 525-545页

作者：廖宏尚晶晶 State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry Institute of Atmospheric Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Climate Change research Center Chinese Academy of Sciences Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences

Black carbon （BC） aerosol and tropospheric ozone （O3） are major air pollutants with short lifetimes of days to weeks in the atmosphere. These short-lived species have also made significant contributions to global warming since the preindustrial times （IPCC, 2013）. Reductions in short-lived BC and tropospheric O3 have been proposed as a complementary strategy to reductions in greenhouse gases. With the rapid economic development, concentrations of BC and tropospheric O3 are relatively high in China, and therefore quantifying their roles in regional climate change is especially important. This review summarizes the existing knowledge with regard to impacts of BC and tropospheric O3 on climate change in China and defines critical gaps needed to assess the climate benefits of emission control measures. Measured concentrations of BC and tropospheric O3, optical properties of BC, as well as the model estimates of radiative forcing by BC and tropospheric O3 are summarized. We also review regional and global modeling studies that have investigated climate change driven by BC and tropospheric O3 in China; predicted sign and magnitude of the responses in temperature and precipitation to SC/O3 forcing are presented. Based on the review of previous studies, research challenges pertaining to reductions in short-lived species to mitigate global warming are highlighted.

关键词： black carbon tropospheric ozone radiative forcing regional warming