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Experimental manipulation of reproductive tactics in Seba’s short-tailed bats:consequences on sperm quality and oxidative status

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Current zoology 2019年第6期65卷 609-616页

作者： Magali MENIRI Florence GOHON Ophelie GNING Gaetan GLAUSER Armelle VALLAT Nicolas JFASEL Fabrice HELFENSTEIN Laboratory of Evolutionary Ecophysiology Institute of BiologyUniversity of NeuchatelSwitzerland Neuchatel Platform of Analytical Chemistry University of NeuchatelSwitzerland leibniz institute for zoo and wildlife research Germany

To reproduce,males have to fertilize the female’s eggs,sometimes in competition with ejaculates of other *** species where males display alternative reproductive tactics,whereby territorial males secure mating and non-territorial males have to sneak copulations,the latter might be expected to invest relatively more resources towards sperm quality compared with the territorial *** cells are especially vulnerable to oxidative stress,which reduces male ***,antioxidant resources are expected to modulate sperm quality,and might be allocated differently between reproductive *** test the link between reproductive tactics,redox profile and sperm quality,we experimentally induced changes in the reproductive tactics of 39 captive males Seba's short-tailed bats Carollia *** monitored the blood and ejaculate oxidative balance,and the sperm quality before,7 days and 21 days after the manipulation of reproductive *** ejaculates'oxidative damage was negatively related to sperm velocity,males exhibited similar blood and ejaculates redox profiles and similar sperm quality,regardless of their reproductive ***,these results arise as a consequence of some constraints having been lifted during the *** results also suggest that,in Seba's short-tailed bats,the expression of alternative reproductive tactics is not subjected to strong oxidative ***,our results could reflect an absence of trade-off between pre-and post-copulatory traits in harem males,as they could be selected to invest both in female attraction and sperm quality,as a consequence of their inability to fully monopolize females.

关键词： oxidative stress sperm competition alternative reproductive tactics Carollia perspicillata

Effects of social and climatic factors on birth sex ratio in Macaca mulatta in Mount Taihangshan area

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Integrative zoology 2015年第2期10卷 199-206页

作者： Jundong TIAN Baishi WANG Zhenlong WANG Jindong LIU Jiqi LU institute of Biodiversity and Ecology Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouChina Jiyuan Administration of Taihangshan Macaque National Nature Reserve JiyuanChina Department of wildlife Diseases Leibniz Institute for Zoo and Wildlife ResearchBerlinGermany

Sex allocation theory predicts the optimal investment to male and female ***,a biased sex ratio requires explanations as to why the deviation *** macaque(Macaca mulatta)is the most widely distributed nonhuman primate species and the Taihangshan macaque(Macaca mulatta tcheliensis)occupies the northern limit of all rhesus macaque natural populations *** observed one macaque troop(Wangwu-1[WW-1])inhabiting Taihangshan Macaque National Nature Reserve and recorded all birth events and the sex of newborn macaques from 2004 to *** aim was to apply the Trivers–Willard hypothesis to this free-ranging rhesus macaque troop,and to understand the relationship between climatic parameters(precipitation and temperature)and birth sex *** found that the total newborn macaques showed a female-biased sex ratio at birth in the WW-1 troop,but there were no significant biased birth sex ratios in all matriarchs and in high-ranking and middle-ranking matrilineal ***,the low-ranking macaque matrilineal unit was significantly ***,we found that the annual precipitation of the previous year was positively associated with the birth sex ratio,and there was an interactive effect of troop size and current winter temperature on the birth sex *** underlying mechanisms for the effects of social and climatic factors on birth sex ratio could be complex,and we discuss several plausible explanations.

关键词： birth sex ratio precipitation rhesus macaque social rank Trivers-Willard hypothesis

Apportioning aldehydes:Quantifying industrial sources of carbonyls

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2015年第4期27卷 132-134页

作者： Sarah A.Styler leibniz institute for Tropospheric research

In their recent Journal of Environmental Sciences publication,Wang and colleagues provide field evidence that industrial activities can contribute substantially to atmospheric carbonyl concentrations（Wang et al.,2015）.These results may helpto explain underestimations of carbonyl emissions in currently available emission inventories,and highlight the need for an improved understanding of industrial sources of this class of compounds.

关键词： Carbonyl compounds Source apportionment Industrial emissions

Role of nuclear factor kappa B in central nervous system regeneration

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Neural Regeneration research 2014年第7期9卷 707-711页

作者： Christian Engelmann Falk Weih Ronny Haenold leibniz institute for Age research-Fritz Lipmann institute

Activation of nuclear factor kappa B （NF-κB） is a hallmark of various central nervous system （CNS） pathologies. Neuron-specific inhibition of its transcriptional activator subunit RelA, also referred to as p65, promotes neuronal survival under a range of conditions, i.e., for ischemic or excitotoxic insults. In macro- and microglial cells, post-lesional activation of NF-κB triggers a growth-permissive program which contributes to neural tissue inflammation, scar formation, and the expression of axonal growth inhibitors. Intriguingly, inhibition of such inducible NF-~B in the neuro-glial compartment, i.e., by genetic ablation of RelA or overexpression of a trans- dominant negative mutant of its upstream regulator IκBa, significantly enhances functional recovery and promotes axonal regeneration in the mature CNS. By contrast, depletion of the NF-κB subunit p50, which lacks transcriptional activator function and acts as a transcriptional repressor on its own, causes precocious neuronal loss and exacerbates axonal degeneration in the lesioned brain. Collectively, the data imply that NF-κB orchestrates a multicellular pro- gram in which κB-dependent gene expression establishes a growth-repulsive terrain within the post-lesioned brain that limits structural regeneration of neuronal circuits. Considering these subunit-specific functions, interference with the NF-κB pathway might hold clinical potentials to improve functional restoration following traumatic CNS injury.

关键词： nuclear factor kappa B RelA p65 p50 central nervous system injury axonal regeneration neural regeneration

Short-Term Response of Soil Respiration to Addition of Chars:Impact of Fermentation Post-Processing and Mineral Nitrogen

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Pedosphere 2015年第5期25卷 761-769页

作者： Giacomo LANZA Stephan WIRTH Arthur GESSLER Jrgen KERN leibniz institute for Agricultural Engineering leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape research (ZALF) Swiss Federal institute for Forest Snow and Landscape Research WSL

The biodegradability of chars derived from pyrolysis and hydrothermal carbonisation(HTC) was studied in short-term dynamic incubation experiments under controlled conditions. Carbon dioxide C(CO2) emissions from soil-char mixtures in combination with solid digestate or mineral nitrogen(N) fertiliser were measured in dynamic chambers for 10 d. Compared to the original material(maize straw), pyrolysis and HTC chars showed significantly lower CO2 emissions and slower decay dynamics; and compared to the soil control, HTC char increased soil respiration to a significant extent, while pyrolysis char did not. The addition of mineral N resulted in a delayed respiration dynamics for HTC char, while the addition of digestate resulted in an increase in the respired CO2 for pyrolysis char and a decrease for HTC char. For the first time, a peculiar two-stage decay kinetics was observed for HTC char,indicating a highly inhomogeneous substrate consisting at least of two C pools.

关键词： biodegradability CO2 emission decay dynamics hydrothermal carbonisation char pyrolysis char

Reconstruction of paleocoastlines for the northwestern South China Sea since the Last Glacial Maximum

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Science China Earth Sciences 2009年第8期52卷 1127-1136页

作者： HARFF Jan MEYER Michael leibniz institute for Baltic Sea research Warnemünde

The range of relative sea level rise in the northwestern South China Sea since the Last Glacial Maximum was over 100 m. As a result, lowland regions including the Northeast Vietnam coast, Beibu Gulf, and South China coast experienced an evolution from land to sea. Based on the principle of reconstructing paleogeography and using recent digital elevation model, relative sea level curves, and sediment accumulation data, this paper presents a series of paleogeographic scenarios back to 20 cal. ka BP for the northwestern South China Sea. The scenarios demonstrate the entire process of coastline changes for the area of interest. During the late glacial period from 20 to 15 cal. ka BP, coastline slowly retreated, causing a land loss of only 1×104 km2, and thus the land-sea distribution remained nearly unchanged. Later in 15-10 cal. ka BP coastline rapidly retreated and area of land loss was up to 24×104 km2, causing lowlands around Northeast Vietnam and South China soon to be underwater. Coastline retreat continued quite rapidly during the early Holocene. From 10 to 6 cal. ka BP land area had decreased by 9×104 km2, and during that process the Qiongzhou Strait completely opened up. Since the mid Holocene, main controls on coastline change are from vertical crustal movements and sedimentation. Transgression was surpassed by regression, resulting in a land accretion of about 10×104 km2.

关键词： relative sea level change paleocoastline reconstruction Last Glacial Maximum northwestern South China Sea

Responding to the weather:energy budgeting by a small mammal in the wild

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Current zoology 2020年第1期66卷 15-20页

作者： Taylor HUME Fritz GEISER Shannon E.CURRIE Gerhard KORTNER Clare STAWSKI Centre for Behavioural and Physiological Ecology ZoologyUniversity of New EnglandArmidaleNSW2351Australia leibniz institute for zoo and wildlife research Alfred-Kowalke-Str.17Berlin10315Germany Department of Biology Norwegian University of Science and TechnologyTrondheim7491Norway

Energy conservation is paramount for small mammals because of their small size,large surface area to volume ratio,and the resultant high heat loss to the *** survive on limited food resources and to fuel their expensive metabolism during activity,many small mammals employ daily torpor to reduce energy expenditure during the rest *** hypothesized that a small terrestrial semelparous marsupial,the brown antechinus Antechinus stuartii,would maximize activity when foraging conditions were favorable to gain fat reserves before their intense breeding period,but would increase torpor use when conditions were poor to conserve these fat *** antechinus were trapped and implanted with small temperature-sensitive radio transmitters to record body temperature and to quantify torpor expression and activity patterns in the *** antechinus used torpor at least once per day over the entire study *** daily torpor use increased and mean daily body temperature decreased significantly with a reduction in minimum ambient ***,antechinus employed less torpor on days with more rain and decreasing barometric *** contrast to torpor expression,activity was directly related to ambient temperature and inversely related to barometric *** results reveal that antechinus use a flexible combination of physiology and behavior that can be adjusted to manage their energy budget according to weather variables.

关键词： antechinus heterothermy marsupial semelparous temperature torpor

Role of discs large homolog 5

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2006年第23期12卷 3651-3656页

作者： Frauke Friedrichs Monika Stoll Genetic Epidemiology Leibniz-Institute for Arteriosclerosis ResearchMuensterGermany

In 2004, an association of genetic variation in the discs large homolog 5 （DLG5＇） gene with inflammatory bowel disease （IBD） was described in two large European study samples. The initial report of DLG5 as a novel IBD susceptibility gene sparked a multitude of studies investigating its effect on CD and IBD, respectively, leading to controversial findings and ongoing discussions concerning the validity of the initial association finding and its role in the aetiology of Crohn disease. This review aims to summarize the current state of knowledge and to place the reported findings in the context of current concepts of complex diseases. This includes aspects of statistical power, phenotype differences and genetic heterogeneity between different populations as well as gene-gene and gene-environment interactions.

关键词： DLG5 Association Gender Genetic heterogeneity Inflammatory bowel disease Crohndisease

Epigenomics and gene regulation in mammalian social systems

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Current zoology 2020年第3期66卷 307-319页

作者： Tania P.GUERRERO Jorns FICKEL Sarah BENHAIEM Alexandra WEYRICH Department Evolutionary Genetics Leibniz-Institute for Zoo and Wildlife Research(IZW)Alfred-Kowalke-Str.17BerlinD-10315Germany Faculty of Environment and Natural Resources Albert Ludwig University of FreiburgTennenbacher Str.4FreiburgD-79085Germany Instute for Biochemistry and Biology University of PotsdamKarl-Liebknecht-Str.2425Potsdam14476Germany Department Ecological Dynamics Leibniz-Institute for Zoo and Wildife Research(IZW)Alfred-Kowalke Str.17BerlinD-10315Germany

Social epigenomics is a new field of research that studies how the social environment shapes the epigenome and how in turn the epigenome modulates *** focus on describing known gene-environment interactions(GEIs)and epigenetic mechanisms in different mammalian social *** illustrate how epigenetic mechanisms integrate GEIs,we highlight examples where epigenetic mechanisms are associated with social behaviors and with their maintenance through neuroendocrine,locomotor,and metabolic *** discuss future research trajectories and open questions for the emerging field of social epigenomics in nonmodel and naturally occurring social ***,we outline the technological advances that aid the study of epigenetic mechanisms in the establishment of GEIs and vice versa.

关键词： epigenetics DNA methylation histone modification rank social status social systems